Understanding Aging Mechanisms in the Context of UV Irradiation of a Low Fouling and Self-Cleaning PVDF-PVP-TiO2 Hollow-Fiber Membrane.

In the context of designing a photocatalytic self-cleaning/low-fouling membrane, the stability of PVDF-PVP-TiO2 hollow-fiber membranes under UV irradiation has been studied. The effect of irradiation power, aqueous environment composition and fouling state on the properties of the membranes has been investigated. With this aim, SEM observations, chemical analysis and tensile strength measurements have been conducted. The results indicate that pristine membranes that undergo UV irradiation in ultra-pure water are significantly degraded due to attacks of OH° radicals. However, when methylene blue, used as a model pollutant, is introduced in the aqueous environment, OH° radicals preferentially react with this molecule rather than the membranes, successfully preserving the original properties of the latter. The presence of an adsorbed BSA layer (pre-fouling by immersion) on the surface of the membrane delays membrane aging, as the BSA layer is degraded by radicals instead of the membrane material. The degradation of the BSA layer also validates the self-cleaning properties of the membrane. However, when membranes are pre-fouled by filtration of a 2 g/L BSA solution, delay to aging is less. This is because OH° radicals do not reach BSA molecules that are trapped inside the membrane pores, and therefore react with the membrane material.

Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of basic ethers of 1,2-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]indole, 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indole, and 6H-benz[5,6]isoindolo[2,1-a]indole.

Monobasic ethers of 1,2-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]indole, 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indole, and 6H-benz[5,6]isoindolo[2,1-a]indole and bis-basic ethers of 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indole were prepared using an intramolecular Wittig cyclization as a key step. All these compounds were firstly evaluated for their cytotoxicity effects against L1210 cell line. Only the tetracyclic bis-basic ether 14d displayed submicromolar cytotoxic effect. Moreover, despite the fact that the presence of these two amino side chains in 14c, 14d, and 14f led to strong DNA binding effect, they are not topoisomerase II inhibitors. Among the monobasic ethers 14a, 14b, 22, and 29, which do not bind to DNA, the pentacyclic analog 29 exhibited micromolar cytotoxic activity against L1210 and HT-29 cell lines and induced a weak topoisomerase II inhibition.