Biomonitoring the genotoxic potential of the air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea under climatic conditions in the Sinos River basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

The present study evaluated the genotoxic effects of the atmospheric air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea in urban areas with different intensities of vehicular traffic and in riparian forest fragments in the Sinos River Basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), considering the influence of climatic conditions prevailing in these environments. Bimonthly, from May 2012 to March 2013, cuttings with flower buds were exposed for 8 h in urban and riparian forest environments in the municipalities of Caraá, Taquara and Campo Bom in the upper, middle and lower sections, respectively, of the Sinos River Basin. Simultaneously, negative controls were made and climatic data were recorded. Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in young tetrads of pollen mother cells and expressed as MCN/100 tetrads. Significantly higher MCN frequencies were observed in buds exposed in urban and riparian forest environments in Taquara (up to 7.23 and 4.80, respectively) and Campo Bom (up to 4.90 and 4.23, respectively) than in buds exposed in Caraá (up to 2.90 and 2.50, respectively), in the majority of samplings, and in relation to the negative control (up to 1.93) in all months. Over the course of the period monitored, there were significant variations in MCN frequencies at all sampling points, with the exception of the urban environment in Caraá. For the urban environments, relation between the MCN frequency, vehicular traffic and mean temperature was observed. For the riparian forest fragments, there was no association between MCN frequency and climatic factors. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea can be considered a useful tool to point out areas with increased atmospheric pollution, since the exposure of plants under severe climatic conditions is avoided to minimize their negative influence on the formation of micronuclei.

Biomonitoring the genotoxic potential of the air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea under climatic conditions in the Sinos River basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Biomonitoramento do potencial genotóxico do ar em Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea sob condições climáticas na bacia do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The present study evaluated the genotoxic effects of the atmospheric air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea in urban areas with different intensities of vehicular traffic and in riparian forest fragments in the Sinos River Basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), considering the influence of climatic conditions prevailing in these environments. Bimonthly, from May 2012 to March 2013, cuttings with flower buds were exposed for 8 h in urban and riparian forest environments in the municipalities of Caraá, Taquara and Campo Bom in the upper, middle and lower sections, respectively, of the Sinos River Basin. Simultaneously, negative controls were made and climatic data were recorded. Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in young tetrads of pollen mother cells and expressed as MCN/100 tetrads. Significantly higher MCN frequencies were observed in buds exposed in urban and riparian forest environments in Taquara (up to 7.23 and 4.80, respectively) and Campo Bom (up to 4.90 and 4.23, respectively) than in buds exposed in Caraá (up to 2.90 and 2.50, respectively), in the majority of samplings, and in relation to the negative control (up to 1.93) in all months. Over the course of the period monitored, there were significant variations in MCN frequencies at all sampling points, with the exception of the urban environment in Caraá. For the urban environments, relation between the MCN frequency, vehicular traffic and mean temperature was observed. For the riparian forest fragments, there was no association between MCN frequency and climatic factors. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea can be considered a useful tool to point out areas with increased atmospheric pollution, since the exposure of plants under severe climatic conditions is avoided to minimize their negative influence on the formation of micronuclei.(AU)

O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos genotóxicos do ar atmosférico sobre Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea em áreas urbanas com diferentes intensidades de tráfego veicular e em fragmentos de mata ciliar na Bacia do Rio dos Sinos (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), considerando a influência de condições climáticas prevalecentes nesses ambientes. Bimensalmente, de maio de 2012 a março de 2013, ramos com botões florais foram expostos por 8 h em ambientes urbanos e de mata ciliar nos municípios de Caraá, Taquara e Campo Bom nos trechos superior, médio e inferior, respectivamente, da Bacia do Rio dos Sinos. Simultaneamente, foram realizados controles negativos e levantados dados climáticos. Frequências de micronúcleos (MCN) foram determinadas em tétrades jovens de células-mãe de grãos de pólen e expressas como MCN/100 tétrades. Frequências de MCN significativamente superiores foram observadas em botões expostos nos ambientes urbanos e de matas ciliares em Taquara (até 7,23 e 4,80, respectivamente) e Campo Bom (até 4,90 e 4,23, respectivamente) do que em botões expostos em Caraá (até 2,90 e 2,50, respectivamente), na maioria das amostragens, e em relação ao controle negativo (até 1,93) em todos os meses. Ao longo do período monitorado, ocorreram variações significativas nas frequências de MCN em todos os pontos amostrais, com exceção do ambiente urbano de Caraá. Para os ambientes urbanos, foi observada relação entre a frequência de MCN, tráfego veicular e temperatura média. Para os fragmentos de mata ciliar, não houve associação entre a frequência de MCN e fatores climáticos. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea pode ser considerada uma ferramenta útil para apontar áreas com poluição atmosférica aumentada, desde que, sob condições climáticas severas, a exposição das plantas seja evitada, para minimizar o efeito destas sobre a formação de micronúcleos.(AU)

Biomonitoring the genotoxic potential of the air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea under climatic conditions in the Sinos River basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Biomonitoramento do potencial genotóxico do ar em Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea sob condições climáticas na bacia do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Abstract The present study evaluated the genotoxic effects of the atmospheric air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea in urban areas with different intensities of vehicular traffic and in riparian forest fragments in the Sinos River Basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), considering the influence of climatic conditions prevailing in these environments. Bimonthly, from May 2012 to March 2013, cuttings with flower buds were exposed for 8 h in urban and riparian forest environments in the municipalities of Caraá, Taquara and Campo Bom in the upper, middle and lower sections, respectively, of the Sinos River Basin. Simultaneously, negative controls were made and climatic data were recorded. Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in young tetrads of pollen mother cells and expressed as MCN/100 tetrads. Significantly higher MCN frequencies were observed in buds exposed in urban and riparian forest environments in Taquara (up to 7.23 and 4.80, respectively) and Campo Bom (up to 4.90 and 4.23, respectively) than in buds exposed in Caraá (up to 2.90 and 2.50, respectively), in the majority of samplings, and in relation to the negative control (up to 1.93) in all months. Over the course of the period monitored, there were significant variations in MCN frequencies at all sampling points, with the exception of the urban environment in Caraá. For the urban environments, relation between the MCN frequency, vehicular traffic and mean temperature was observed. For the riparian forest fragments, there was no association between MCN frequency and climatic factors. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea can be considered a useful tool to point out areas with increased atmospheric pollution, since the exposure of plants under severe climatic conditions is avoided to minimize their negative influence on the formation of micronuclei.

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos genotóxicos do ar atmosférico sobre Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea em áreas urbanas com diferentes intensidades de tráfego veicular e em fragmentos de mata ciliar na Bacia do Rio dos Sinos (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), considerando a influência de condições climáticas prevalecentes nesses ambientes. Bimensalmente, de maio de 2012 a março de 2013, ramos com botões florais foram expostos por 8 h em ambientes urbanos e de mata ciliar nos municípios de Caraá, Taquara e Campo Bom nos trechos superior, médio e inferior, respectivamente, da Bacia do Rio dos Sinos. Simultaneamente, foram realizados controles negativos e levantados dados climáticos. Frequências de micronúcleos (MCN) foram determinadas em tétrades jovens de células-mãe de grãos de pólen e expressas como MCN/100 tétrades. Frequências de MCN significativamente superiores foram observadas em botões expostos nos ambientes urbanos e de matas ciliares em Taquara (até 7,23 e 4,80, respectivamente) e Campo Bom (até 4,90 e 4,23, respectivamente) do que em botões expostos em Caraá (até 2,90 e 2,50, respectivamente), na maioria das amostragens, e em relação ao controle negativo (até 1,93) em todos os meses. Ao longo do período monitorado, ocorreram variações significativas nas frequências de MCN em todos os pontos amostrais, com exceção do ambiente urbano de Caraá. Para os ambientes urbanos, foi observada relação entre a frequência de MCN, tráfego veicular e temperatura média. Para os fragmentos de mata ciliar, não houve associação entre a frequência de MCN e fatores climáticos. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea pode ser considerada uma ferramenta útil para apontar áreas com poluição atmosférica aumentada, desde que, sob condições climáticas severas, a exposição das plantas seja evitada, para minimizar o efeito destas sobre a formação de micronúcleos.

Biomonitoring the genotoxic potential of the air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea under climatic conditions in the Sinos River basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Abstract The present study evaluated the genotoxic effects of the atmospheric air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea in urban areas with different intensities of vehicular traffic and in riparian forest fragments in the Sinos River Basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), considering the influence of climatic conditions prevailing in these environments. Bimonthly, from May 2012 to March 2013, cuttings with flower buds were exposed for 8 h in urban and riparian forest environments in the municipalities of Caraá, Taquara and Campo Bom in the upper, middle and lower sections, respectively, of the Sinos River Basin. Simultaneously, negative controls were made and climatic data were recorded. Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in young tetrads of pollen mother cells and expressed as MCN/100 tetrads. Significantly higher MCN frequencies were observed in buds exposed in urban and riparian forest environments in Taquara (up to 7.23 and 4.80, respectively) and Campo Bom (up to 4.90 and 4.23, respectively) than in buds exposed in Caraá (up to 2.90 and 2.50, respectively), in the majority of samplings, and in relation to the negative control (up to 1.93) in all months. Over the course of the period monitored, there were significant variations in MCN frequencies at all sampling points, with the exception of the urban environment in Caraá. For the urban environments, relation between the MCN frequency, vehicular traffic and mean temperature was observed. For the riparian forest fragments, there was no association between MCN frequency and climatic factors. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea can be considered a useful tool to point out areas with increased atmospheric pollution, since the exposure of plants under severe climatic conditions is avoided to minimize their negative influence on the formation of micronuclei.

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos genotóxicos do ar atmosférico sobre Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea em áreas urbanas com diferentes intensidades de tráfego veicular e em fragmentos de mata ciliar na Bacia do Rio dos Sinos (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), considerando a influência de condições climáticas prevalecentes nesses ambientes. Bimensalmente, de maio de 2012 a março de 2013, ramos com botões florais foram expostos por 8 h em ambientes urbanos e de mata ciliar nos municípios de Caraá, Taquara e Campo Bom nos trechos superior, médio e inferior, respectivamente, da Bacia do Rio dos Sinos. Simultaneamente, foram realizados controles negativos e levantados dados climáticos. Frequências de micronúcleos (MCN) foram determinadas em tétrades jovens de células-mãe de grãos de pólen e expressas como MCN/100 tétrades. Frequências de MCN significativamente superiores foram observadas em botões expostos nos ambientes urbanos e de matas ciliares em Taquara (até 7,23 e 4,80, respectivamente) e Campo Bom (até 4,90 e 4,23, respectivamente) do que em botões expostos em Caraá (até 2,90 e 2,50, respectivamente), na maioria das amostragens, e em relação ao controle negativo (até 1,93) em todos os meses. Ao longo do período monitorado, ocorreram variações significativas nas frequências de MCN em todos os pontos amostrais, com exceção do ambiente urbano de Caraá. Para os ambientes urbanos, foi observada relação entre a frequência de MCN, tráfego veicular e temperatura média. Para os fragmentos de mata ciliar, não houve associação entre a frequência de MCN e fatores climáticos. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea pode ser considerada uma ferramenta útil para apontar áreas com poluição atmosférica aumentada, desde que, sob condições climáticas severas, a exposição das plantas seja evitada, para minimizar o efeito destas sobre a formação de micronúcleos.

Integrated Environmental Assessment of streams in the Sinos River basin in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

The deterioration of environmental quality in the Sinos River basin is directly associated with the impacts of intense industrialization and urbanization. An integrated environmental assessment (IEA) was conducted in July and September of 2012, in areas along the sources of the EstânciaVelha/Portão, Pampa and Schmidt streams using physical, chemical and biological methods. The water in the three sampling sites was not proper for human consumption, presented a low toxic contamination index (TCI) and mesotrophic characteristics. One site was included in Class 4, and two, in Class 3, according to current legislation. The rapid assessment protocol (RAP) indicated a natural environmental condition for habitat diversity and environmental impact in the three sites. The Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt var. purpurea Boom biomarker showed water genotoxicity in two of the sites. The integrated diagnosis of water quality in these streams is fundamentally important to ensure the sustainable management of water resources and their multiple uses, as well to estimate their contribution to pollution in this river basin.

Integrated Environmental Assessment of streams in the Sinos River basin in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Avaliação Ambiental Integrada de arroios da bacia do Rio dos Sinos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The deterioration of environmental quality in the Sinos River basin is directly associated with the impacts of intense industrialization and urbanization. An integrated environmental assessment (IEA) was conducted in July and September of 2012, in areas along the sources of the EstânciaVelha/Portão, Pampa and Schmidt streams using physical, chemical and biological methods. The water in the three sampling sites was not proper for human consumption, presented a low toxic contamination index (TCI) and mesotrophic characteristics. One site was included in Class 4, and two, in Class 3, according to current legislation. The rapid assessment protocol (RAP) indicated a natural environmental condition for habitat diversity and environmental impact in the three sites. The Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt var. purpurea Boom biomarker showed water genotoxicity in two of the sites. The integrated diagnosis of water quality in these streams is fundamentally important to ensure the sustainable management of water resources and their multiple uses, as well to estimate their contribution to pollution in this river basin.(AU)

A deterioração da qualidade ambiental da bacia do Rio dos Sinos está diretamente associada a impactos oriundos da intensa industrialização e urbanização. A avaliação ambiental integrada (AAI) foi realizada nos meses de julho e setembro de 2012, em áreas junto às nascentes dos arroios Estância Velha/Portão, Pampa e Schmidt por meio de metodologias que utilizam parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos. Os três sítios amostrais apresentaram águas impróprias para o consumo humano, baixo índice de contaminação por tóxicos (ICT) e características mesotróficas. Um sítio foi enquadrado na Classe 4 e dois na Classe 3, segundo a legislação vigente. Os resultados da aplicação do protocolo de avaliação rápida (PAR) indicaram uma situação ambiental natural, quanto à diversidade de habitats e aos impactos ambientais, nos três sítios amostrados. O biondicador Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt var. purpurea Boom evidenciou genotoxicidade da água em dois sítios amostrados. O diagnóstico integrado da qualidade das águas destes arroios é de fundamental importância para assegurar o gerenciamento sustentado dos recursos hídricos e seus múltiplos usos, além de estimar sua contribuição à poluição desta bacia hidrográfica.(AU)

Estaquia de Ipomoea cairica (L. ) Sweet / Stem cutting of Ipomoea cairica (L. ) Sweet

A Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet é uma trepadeira herbácea nativa, amplamente utilizada na medicina popular brasileira e inexistem informações sobre a propagação vegetativa. Em vista disso, objetivou-se avaliar a presença de folhas nas estacas, o substrato e a dose de reguladores vegetais mais adequados para a propagação por estaquia. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, no primeiro, foram avaliados dois tipos de estacas (com e sem folhas) e quatro substratos (areia, casca de arroz carbonizada, latossolo vermelho distrófico + matéria orgânica - 1:1, latossolo vermelho distrófico + matéria orgânica + areia - 1:1:2), enquanto no segundo foram testadas cinco concentrações diferentes de AIB (0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 mg L-1). Após 20 dias, obteve-se 86,2% de estacas enraizadas no substrato areia e, no segundo experimento, observou-se que o AIB não influenciou a porcentagem de enraizamento (94% em média). Conclui-se que a presença de folhas melhora a qualidade do enraizamento, que os substratos indicados para a propagação são areia e casca de arroz carbonizada devido ao maior enraizamento, fácil disponibilidade e baixo custo, e que a utilização de AIB na concentração 250 mg L-1 é a mais adequada para propagação por estaquia de I. cairica.

Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet is an herbaceous climbing plant widely used in Brazilian folk medicine and there is no information regarding its vegetative propagation. In view of this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of leaves on stem cuttings and the most adequate substrate and level of plant growth regulators for propagation by stem cuttings of this morning glory. Two experiments were conducted, in the first, two types of stem cuttings (with and without leaves) and four substrates (sand; carbonized rice hull; Haplortox + organic matter - 1:1; Haplortox + organic matter + sand - 1:1:2) were evaluated, and in the second experiment five different concentrations of IBA (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg L-1) were tested. After 20 days, we obtained 86.2% of cuttings rooted in sand substrate and in the second experiment IBA did not affect the rooting percentage (94% on average). We can conclude that the presence of leaves improved the quality of rooting, the substrates indicated for propagation are sand and carbonized rice hull due to greater rooting, easy availability and low cost, and the use of IBA at 250 mg L-1 is more appropriate to propagation by stem cuttings of I. cairica.

Sobrevida de 18 meses em cadela com sarcoma indiferenciado submetida à cirurgia radical e quimioterapia antineoplásica

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Sobrevida de 18 meses em cadela com sarcoma indiferenciado submetida à cirurgia radical e quimioterapia antineoplásica

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Insulin gene VNTR genotype is associated with insulin sensitivity and secretion in infancy.

AIMS: We have previously demonstrated that insulin sensitivity and secretion at age 1 year was in part related to variation in weight and height gain during infancy. In order to determine whether genetic variation at the insulin gene could also influence these associations, we have studied the relationship between insulin gene variable number of tandem repeat (INS VNTR) genotypes, insulin secretion and early postnatal growth. METHODS: We assessed fasting and dynamic insulin secretion in 99 healthy infants at age 1 year, using a short intravenous glucose tolerance test (sIVGTT). Infants were genotyped at the -23 HphI locus, as a surrogate marker for INS VNTR allele classes I and III. Anthropometric data were recorded at birth and at 1 year. Data are shown as median (interquartile range). RESULTS: Fasting insulin levels were higher in III/III infants (n = 9) than in I/I infants [n = 55; 27.4 (17.6-75.6) pmol/l vs. 18.1 (10.3-25.2) pmol/l; P < 0.05]. Insulin secretion during the sIVGTT, as estimated by the serum insulin area under the curve, was also higher in III/III infants [2417 (891-4041) pmol min/l vs. 1208 (592-2284) pmol min/l; P < 0.05]. Fasting and postload plasma glucose levels were similar in both groups. Analysis of covariance showed that genotype differences in fasting insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were independent of size at birth, postnatal growth velocity and current body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Significant associations between INS VNTR genotype and both insulin sensitivity and secretion were apparent in infancy; these might interact with childhood appetite and nutrition to impact the development of childhood obesity and insulin resistance.

Iron deficiency of liver, heart, and brain in newborn infants of diabetic mothers.

Infants of diabetic mothers frequently have polycythemia, elevated serum erythropoietin concentrations, and decreased serum iron and ferritin concentrations, likely representing a redistribution of fetal iron into erythrocytes to support augmented fetal hemoglobin synthesis. We hypothesized that fetal liver, heart, and brain iron concentrations are also reduced in these infants. After obtaining autopsy tissue from infants who had died before 7 days of age, we measured liver, heart, and brain iron concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Seven infants of diabetic mothers and seven gestational age-matched control infants were studied. All infants of diabetic mothers had pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia, indicating fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Liver iron concentrations in the infants of diabetic mothers were 6.6% of control values (489.0 +/- 154.4 vs 7379.7 +/- 1473.8 micrograms/gm dry tissue weight (mean +/- SEM); p less than 0.001), heart iron concentrations were 43.9% of control values (124.7 +/- 20.5 vs 284.1 +/- 34.8 micrograms/gm dry tissue weight; p less than 0.002), and brain iron concentrations were 60.6% of control values (106.1 +/- 13.7 vs 175.2 +/- 10.7 micrograms/gm dry tissue weight; p less than 0.003). Heart and brain iron concentrations were directly correlated with liver iron concentrations (r = 0.80 for both; p less than 0.001) and indicated that hepatic iron was greater than 75% depleted before heart and brain iron reduction. We conclude that severely affected infants of diabetic mothers have reduced liver, heart, and brain iron concentrations. The role of tissue iron deficiency in the genesis of the abnormal clinical findings in these infants deserves further consideration.