In vitro modeling of tumor interclonal interactions using breast cancer cell lines.

AIM: To study the peculiarities of ecological relationships of breast cancer (BC) cell lines MCF-7, BT-474 and MDA-MD-231 under co-culturing conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three BC cell lines: luminal A - MCF-7, luminal B - BT-474 and triple-negative - MDA-MD-231 were co-cultured pairwise. Immunocytochemistry was used to differentiate the cell lines in the wells. The effect of the cell-free culture medium on the growth rate of the alternate cell line in the pair was also evaluated. RESULTS: It was shown that when BT-474 cells were co-cultured with MCF-7 and BT-474 cells were co-cultured with MDA-MD-231, two types of ecological interactions could be observed: commensalism and amensalism, respectively. While the cells do not interact with each other in contact, the supernatants of single cultures of MCF-7 and MDA-MD-231 exert the same effect on BT-474 as co-cultivation of BT-474 with these cells. CONCLUSIONS: The paracrine mechanism of intercellular interaction between different human BC cell lines has been demonstrated. The models used in population ecology can be applicable to identify the types of interaction between cell lines.

NF-kB as a potential prognostic marker and a candidate for targeted therapy of cancer.

The NF-kB1 gene belongs to the family of transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological reactions. It has been established that NF-kB1 plays an important role in the regulation of immune responses, but more and more studies indicate that this gene is involved in the processes of oncogenesis and DNA repair. The product of this gene regulates the expression of genes involved in the development and progression of cancer. In recent years, numerous studies have been aimed at elucidating the functional consequences of the activation of NF-kB1, as well as its signaling mechanisms. In this regard, NF-kB1 is an interesting therapeutic target for a possible personalized approach in the treatment of cancer. This article provides an overview of modern clinical studies of the NF-kB1 gene, which acts as a predictive and prognostic marker in the treatment of cancer.

[Viral co-infection with head and neck tumors]. / Virusnaya koinfektsiya pri opukholyakh golovy i shei.

The review is devoted to assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in combination with other viral agents for head and neck tumors (HNT). HPV is recognized as an etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer, but there is evidence that it may be involved in carcinogenesis in other locations, in particular the upper respiratory tract. However, HPV is not the most important factor in tumor growth and progression. Recently, many researchers have reported the presence of concomitant co-infection, affecting tumor progression. Of all the studies analyzed, only 3 studies showed the absence or low rates of co-infection in HNT: from the Czech Republic (0%), China (0.6%) and Japan (3%). Most often, HPV infection was detected together with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - from 12.5 to 34.1% of cases. In Russia, the prevailing combination of viral co-infection was a combination of EBV and cytomegalovirus (9.5%) and a combination of EBV and herpes simplex virus (6.7%). Thus, the degree of incidence of HPV in HNT varies greatly, and the mechanisms of coinfection are poorly understood, which raises the question of whether HPV and concomitant infection can be involved in tumor progression. This makes further research in this direction relevant and promising.

Human papillomavirus and lung cancer: an overview and a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This review is devoted to assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in lung cancer (LC) in the world. HPV is recognized as the etiological factor of cervical cancer, however, there is widespread evidence that this virus is detected not only in gynecological carcinomas, but also in tumors of other organs, in particular the upper respiratory tract and digestive tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  A search was conducted to a depth of 29 years in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, databases. The review includes 95 articles. RESULTS: Of all the analyzed studies (9195 patients), 12 works showed a complete absence of HPV in the biological material in patients with LC. The absence of a virus among lung cancer patients has been established for Canada, the Netherlands and Singapore. The highest average percent of occurrence of this virus is shown for such countries as: Brazil, Korea, Greece and Taiwan (more than 40%). But the highest percentage of HPV occurrence by region is observed in Latin America (33.5%), followed by the Asian countries (31%), in European countries the frequency is 18%. Interestingly, the highest occurrence of high oncogenic types (16 and 18) is observed in Asia (40.3%), then in Latin America (33.6%), Europe (25.6%) and North America (15.4%). Low-oncogenic types (6 and 11) are also predominantly observed in Asia (39.9%), while in Europe and North America 30% and 12.8%, respectively. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of HPV was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0. Program, which included 26 studies, the results of which revealed: the prevalence of HPV infection in tumor lung tissue was compared with normal lung tissue OR (95% CI) = 5.38 (3.21-9.00) p < 0.0001, significance was also found for Chinese studies OR = 6.3, 95% CI 3.42-11.53, p < 0.0001, I2 = 71.8% and for nine studies in Europe OR = 6.3, 95% CI 1.8-22.18, p = 0.004, I2 = 51.0%. However, given the fact that the frequency of occurrence of HPV in lung tumor tissue varies greatly, a question may arise about the real role of HPV in LC carcinogenesis, which makes further research relevant and promising.