RESUMEN
Outbreaks of infectious canine hepatitis are described in red foxes ( ITALIC! Vulpes vulpes) at two wildlife rescue centres in the UK. Disease occurred in two-month-old to four-month-old juvenile foxes, which were held in small enclosures in groups of three to eight animals. The foxes died or were euthanased after a short clinical course, sometimes including neurological signs and jaundice, with a high case fatality rate. Four red foxes submitted for postmortem examination had enlarged, congested livers, with rounded borders and mild accentuation of the lobular pattern. On histological examination, there was random, multifocal to massive hepatic necrosis, along with multifocal vasculitis in the central nervous system (CNS) and mild, multifocal glomerulonephritis. Intranuclear inclusion bodies, typical of canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) infection, were present in hepatocytes, vascular endothelial cells in the CNS, renal glomeruli and renal tubular epithelial cells. CAV-1 was detected in tissues from affected foxes by PCR and sequencing. Congregation of juvenile foxes in wildlife rescue centres is likely to be a risk factor for transmission of CAV-1. Preventive measures in wildlife centres should be implemented to prevent the spread of the virus among conspecifics and to other susceptible species.
Asunto(s)
Adenovirus Caninos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales Salvajes/virología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Zorros/virología , Hepatitis Infecciosa Canina/diagnóstico , Animales , ADN Viral , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/veterinaria , Reino Unido/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dogs with a chronic enteropathy (CE) have a lower vitamin D status, than do healthy dogs. Vitamin D status has been associated with a negative clinical outcome in humans with inflammatory bowel disease. OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations at diagnosis and clinical outcome in dogs with a CE. ANIMALS: Forty-one dogs diagnosed with CE admitted to the Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals between 2007 and 2013. METHODS: Retrospective review. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared between dogs which were alive at follow up or had died because of non-CE-related reasons (survivors) and dogs which died or were euthanized due to their CE (non-survivors). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of death in dogs with CE. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D at the time a CE was diagnosed were significantly lower in nonsurvivors (n = 15) (median nonsurvivors 4.36 ng/mL, interquartile range 1.6-17.0 ng/mL), median survivors (n = 26) (24.9 ng/mL interquartile range 15.63-39.45 ng/mL, P < .001). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor of death in dogs with CE (odds ratio 1.08 [95% CI 1.02-1.18)]). CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at diagnosis are predictive of outcome in dogs with CE. The role of vitamin D in the initiation and outcome of chronic enteropathies in dogs is deserving of further study.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enteritis/veterinaria , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/veterinaria , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Animales , Enfermedad Crónica , Enfermedades de los Perros/mortalidad , Perros , Enteritis/sangre , Enteritis/mortalidad , Enteritis/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Vitamina D/sangreRESUMEN
Severe infestation with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus was identified in the lungs and small intestine of a 2-month-old kitten that died due to verminous pneumonia and enteritis. On clinical examination, the kitten had dyspnoea, pneumonia, pleural effusion, ascites and diarrhoea. An interstitial pattern was evident radiographically in the lungs. The kitten died before treatment could be instituted. On gross and histopathological examination, there was severe interstitial pneumonia and large numbers of A. abstrusus eggs and larvae were present in alveoli, together with fewer adult nematodes in small bronchioles. The mucosa of the small intestine was invaded by large numbers of A. abstrusus larvae. The findings were consistent with a hyperinfection syndrome due to A. abstrusus.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Enteritis/veterinaria , Neumonía/veterinaria , Infecciones por Strongylida/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Gatos , Enteritis/parasitología , Enteritis/patología , Resultado Fatal , Neumonía/parasitología , Neumonía/patología , Infecciones por Strongylida/complicaciones , Infecciones por Strongylida/patologíaRESUMEN
Serovars and bacteriophage (phage) types were determined for 442 isolates of Salmonella enterica from dogs in the UK submitted to the Scottish Salmonella Reference Laboratory from 1954 to 2012. The most frequent serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium (196 isolates; 44.3 per cent), Dublin (40 isolates; 9.0 per cent), Enteritidis (28 isolates; 6.3 per cent), Montevideo (19 isolates; 4.3 per cent), Virchow (10 isolates; 2.3 per cent), Heidelberg (8 isolates; 1.8 per cent) and Derby (8 isolates; 1.8 per cent), along with 55 other recognised serovars among 127 other isolates, and six incompletely classified isolates. Serovars were frequently represented by strains commonly associated with poultry, cattle or pigs and their products. Among 196 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from dogs, the most frequent phage types (definitive types) were the multiple antimicrobial-resistant strains DT104 (62 isolates), DT204c (18 isolates) and DT193 (8 isolates), along with antimicrobial sensitive wild finch strains DT40 (13 isolates) and DT56 variant (8 isolates). Eleven of 28 isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis were phage type 4. S enterica was frequently recovered from faecal or intestinal samples of dogs with diarrhoea, although many dogs had concurrent infection with other enteric pathogens. Salmonella Dublin was recovered from the brain and/or cerebrospinal fluid of two dogs with meningoencephalitis. Salmonella Kedougou was isolated from the joint fluid of a dog with septic arthritis. Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Dublin were each recovered from the vaginas of bitches that had aborted. Isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis phage types 1, 4 and 8, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, Salmonella Dublin and Salmonella Indiana were isolated from clinically healthy dogs in households where the same strains were recovered from human beings with diarrhoea. The pattern ampicillin-chloramphenicol-spectinomycin-streptomycin-sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline (ACSpSSuT) was the most frequent resistance phenotype and was observed in 44 (13.3 per cent) of 330 isolates. Dogs in the UK are exposed to a wide variety of serovars of S enterica, sometimes associated with clinical disease, and represent a zoonotic risk.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Salmonelosis Animal/tratamiento farmacológico , Salmonelosis Animal/microbiología , Animales , Tipificación de Bacteriófagos , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/transmisión , Perros , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/veterinaria , Factores de Riesgo , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonelosis Animal/transmisión , Salmonella enterica/aislamiento & purificación , Serotipificación , Reino Unido/epidemiología , ZoonosisAsunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos/microbiología , Dermatitis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades del Pie/veterinaria , Sepsis/veterinaria , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Animales , Dermatitis/diagnóstico , Dermatitis/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Perros , Resultado Fatal , Enfermedades del Pie/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
CASE REPORT: Morbidity and mortality in two herds of cattle in southern New South Wales were associated with ingestion of lesser or hyssop loosestrife (Lythrum hyssopifolia). Clinical signs in adult cows included depression, listlessness, inappetence, anorexia and recumbency. Deaths occurred in 16/48 (33.3%) and 4/60 (6.7%) adult cows, but calves in both herds were unaffected. Elevated concentrations of urea and creatinine were present in the serum of one clinically affected cow and an elevated concentration of urea was detected in the aqueous humour of one cow that died. On histopathological examination, there was severe, acute necrosis of the proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys of both affected cattle examined. CONCLUSION: There is strong evidence that lesser loosestrife is nephrotoxic for cattle.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/etiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Lythrum/metabolismo , Intoxicación por Plantas/veterinaria , Animales , Calcio/sangre , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Cloruros/sangre , Creatinina/sangre , Femenino , Histocitoquímica/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/etiología , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Lythrum/envenenamiento , Nueva Gales del Sur , Fósforo/sangre , Potasio/sangre , Sodio/sangre , Urea/sangreRESUMEN
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare, familial disease of unknown aetiology characterised by intra-alveolar formation and accumulation of microliths. Multiple formalin-fixed tissues were submitted from a 5-month-old female alpaca that died suddenly without significant clinical signs. No gross abnormalities were observed on postmortem examination. Histological findings included PAM and severe centrilobular hepatic necrosis. Although the hepatic lesion was the likely cause of death, PAM was an incidental finding that has not been reported previously in alpacas. An overview of PAM, including pathogenesis and histopathological characteristics, are discussed in relation to the concurrent hepatic disease in the present case.
Asunto(s)
Calcinosis/veterinaria , Camélidos del Nuevo Mundo , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/veterinaria , Enfermedades Pulmonares/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Animales de Zoológico , Calcinosis/diagnóstico , Calcinosis/epidemiología , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/epidemiología , Hepatopatías/diagnóstico , Hepatopatías/epidemiología , Hepatopatías/veterinaria , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Animales Salvajes/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Aves/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Microbiología Ambiental , Salmonelosis Animal/transmisión , Salmonella typhimurium/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves/diagnóstico , Aves , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Gatos , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Heces/microbiología , Conducta Alimentaria , Masculino , Ratones , Salmonelosis Animal/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The pathological findings are described in three cases of infectious canine hepatitis in free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in England. The foxes died after short periods of clinical illness. Mild jaundice and hepatic congestion were evident grossly. On histopathological examination, intranuclear inclusion bodies were visible in hepatocytes, in association with hepatocyte dissociation and necrosis, as well as in renal glomeruli, renal tubular epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) was isolated from all three foxes. In a serological study, antibodies to CAV-1 were detected in tissue fluid extracts taken from 11 of 58 (19 per cent) frozen red fox carcases from England and Scotland.
Asunto(s)
Adenovirus Caninos/aislamiento & purificación , Zorros/virología , Hepatitis Infecciosa Canina/diagnóstico , Adenovirus Caninos/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Perros , Resultado Fatal , Zorros/inmunología , Hepatitis Infecciosa Canina/patología , Hepatocitos/patología , Cuerpos de Inclusión Intranucleares , Ictericia/etiología , Ictericia/veterinaria , Corteza Renal/patología , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) was diagnosed in eight calves from four farms in the United Kingdom on the basis of clinical, histological and ultrastructural findings. In three affected herds, pedigree Simmental bulls had been mated with Simmental-cross cows. In a fourth herd two Holstein-Friesian calves were affected. Lesions included multifocal erosion and ulceration of the hard and soft palates, tongue, nares and gingiva, with onychomadesis (dysungulation). There was alopecia, erosion and crusting of the coronets, pasterns, fetlocks, carpi, hocks, flanks and axillae. Histopathological findings included segmental separation of full thickness epidermis from the dermis, with formation of large clefts containing eosinophilic fluid, extravasated red blood cells and small numbers of neutrophils. Follicular and interfollicular areas of skin were affected, with clefts extending around hair follicles and sometimes involving whole follicles. Ultrastructurally, there was evidence of vacuolar change within basal keratinocytes, corresponding to areas of histological clefting. Preliminary genetic screening of the candidate keratin genes (bKRT5 and bKRT14) has excluded mutations of these as the cause of this condition.
Asunto(s)
Epidermólisis Ampollosa/patología , Epidermólisis Ampollosa/veterinaria , Piel/patología , Piel/ultraestructura , Alopecia/genética , Alopecia/patología , Animales , Bovinos , Epidermis/patología , Epidermólisis Ampollosa/genética , Femenino , Queratinocitos/patología , Queratinas/genética , Mutación , Enfermedades de la Uña/genética , Enfermedades de la Uña/patología , Linaje , Embarazo , Reino UnidoAsunto(s)
Fasciola hepatica/aislamiento & purificación , Fascioliasis/veterinaria , Sus scrofa/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/patología , Animales , Fascioliasis/patología , Fascioliasis/transmisión , Contaminación de Alimentos , Parasitología de Alimentos , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/transmisión , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
Renal dysplasia and nephrosclerosis in six calves, which were aged three to six months and from different farms in western Scotland and north-west England, was characterised clinically by stunted growth and renal failure with uraemia. Affected animals were depressed and one case exhibited severe neurological signs. Reduced erythrocyte counts were evident in three of four animals from which blood samples were submitted for haematology. At postmortem examination, the kidneys were bilaterally small, pale and firm, with marked fibrosis and sometimes contraction of the capsule. Histologically, affected calves had disorganised atrophic glomeruli, dilatation of tubules, loss of nephrons, areas of undifferentiated mesenchyme and diffuse interstitial and periglomerular fibrosis. There was minimal inflammation. Renal dysplasia and nephrosclerosis is a form of juvenile nephropathy of unknown aetiology that occurs sporadically in calves in the UK.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Fallo Renal Crónico/veterinaria , Nefroesclerosis/veterinaria , Uremia/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/congénito , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Fibrosis/congénito , Fibrosis/patología , Fibrosis/veterinaria , Trastornos del Crecimiento/congénito , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etiología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/patología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/veterinaria , Riñón/patología , Enfermedades Renales/congénito , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Fallo Renal Crónico/congénito , Fallo Renal Crónico/etiología , Fallo Renal Crónico/patología , Masculino , Nefroesclerosis/congénito , Nefroesclerosis/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Uremia/congénito , Uremia/etiología , Uremia/patologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Listeriosis/veterinaria , Linfadenitis Mesentérica/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Resultado Fatal , Listeria monocytogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Listeriosis/microbiología , Listeriosis/patología , Linfadenitis Mesentérica/microbiología , Linfadenitis Mesentérica/patologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Salmonelosis Animal/epidemiología , Salmonella/clasificación , Animales , Tipificación de Bacteriófagos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/transmisión , Gatos , Ganglios Linfáticos/microbiología , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonelosis Animal/microbiología , Salmonelosis Animal/patología , Salmonelosis Animal/transmisión , Serotipificación/veterinaria , Reino Unido/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A seven-year-old, 31 kg male neutered Labrador was investigated for signs of feminisation syndrome and prostatic disease four years after castration and removal of a testicular sertoli cell tumour (SCT). Investigations revealed an elevated serum oestradiol-17beta concentration, a pulmonary mass containing fluid high in oestradiol-17beta and cystic changes in the prostate gland. The pulmonary mass was surgically excised and histologically confirmed to be a SCT metastasis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a proven functional extranodal SCT metastasis and the first to be diagnosed by oestradiol-17beta measurement of intralesional fluid.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Estradiol/análisis , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinaria , Tumor de Células de Sertoli/veterinaria , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinaria , Animales , Criptorquidismo/veterinaria , Quistes/patología , Quistes/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/terapia , Perros , Feminización/etiología , Feminización/veterinaria , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Masculino , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Radioinmunoensayo/veterinaria , Tumor de Células de Sertoli/complicaciones , Tumor de Células de Sertoli/diagnóstico , Tumor de Células de Sertoli/secundario , Neoplasias Testiculares/complicaciones , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/patología , Resultado del Tratamiento , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine flying foxes (Pteropus spp.) for evidence of infection with Menangle virus. DESIGN: Clustered non-random sampling for serology, virus isolation and electron microscopy (EM). PROCEDURE: Serum samples were collected from 306 Pteropus spp. in northern and eastern Australia and tested for antibodies against Menangle virus (MenV) using a virus neutralisation test (VNT). Virus isolation was attempted from tissues and faeces collected from 215 Pteropus spp. in New South Wales. Faecal samples from 68 individual Pteropus spp. and four pools of faeces were examined by transmission EM following routine negative staining and immunogold labelling. RESULTS: Neutralising antibodies (VNT titres > or = 8) against MenV were detected in 46% of black flying foxes (P. alecto), 41% of grey-headed flying foxes (P. poliocephalus), 25% of spectacled flying foxes (P. conspicillatus) and 1% of little red flying foxes (P. scapulatus) in Australia. Positive sera included samples collected from P. poliocephalus in a colony adjacent to a piggery that had experienced reproductive disease caused by MenV. Virus-like particles were observed by EM in faeces from Pteropus spp. and reactivity was detected in pooled faeces and urine by immunogold EM using sera from sows that had been exposed to MenV. Attempts to isolate the virus from the faeces and tissues from Pteropus spp. were unsuccessful. CONCLUSION: Serological evidence of infection with MenV was detected in Pteropus spp. in Australia. Although virus-like particles were detected in faeces, no viruses were isolated from faeces, urine or tissues of Pteropus spp.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Quirópteros/virología , Infecciones por Respirovirus/veterinaria , Respirovirus/inmunología , Respirovirus/ultraestructura , Animales , Australia/epidemiología , Análisis por Conglomerados , Heces/virología , Femenino , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión/métodos , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión/veterinaria , Infecciones por Respirovirus/epidemiología , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosAsunto(s)
Absceso/veterinaria , Camélidos del Nuevo Mundo , Enfermedades de la Laringe/veterinaria , Mannheimia haemolytica/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Pasteurellaceae/veterinaria , Absceso/microbiología , Absceso/patología , Animales , Enfermedades de la Laringe/microbiología , Laringe/patología , Masculino , Infecciones por Pasteurellaceae/microbiologíaRESUMEN
A four-month-old German Shepherd Dog (GSD) was admitted with bilateral non-weight bearing hindlimb lameness and pyrexia. A diagnosis of bilateral distal femoral fractures secondary to metaphyseal osteopathy was made on the basis of clinical signs, radiography and biopsy. The dog returned to normal function following conservative management. As far as the authors are aware there are no previous reports of pathological fractures secondary to this condition.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral/veterinaria , Osteonecrosis/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral/diagnóstico , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral/etiología , Cojera Animal/etiología , Osteonecrosis/complicaciones , RadiografíaRESUMEN
The records of 116 cattle suffering from cardiac disease were examined retrospectively. On the basis of the results of postmortem examinations there were 52 cases of endocarditis, 39 of pericarditis and 25 congenital cardiac defects. The most useful clinical tool for differentiating between these conditions was auscultation of the heart. The cases of pericarditis were characterised by muffled heart sounds, and the cases of endocarditis and congenital cardiac defects were characterised by a cardiac murmur. Endocarditis could be differentiated from congenital cardiac defects by the presence of a jugular pulse, venous distension, oedema, a reduced appetite, pain and polyarthritis, whereas congenital defects were associated with conformational abnormalities. These two conditions could also be differentiated by differences in the plasma sodium concentration, the albumin:globulin ratio, red blood cell count, lymphocyte count and haematocrit. The ability to differentiate between these three groups of cardiac diseases can help the veterinary practitioner in deciding whether treatment, economic salvage (slaughter for human consumption) or disposal (slaughter not for human consumption) is likely to be the best option.