RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to describe the dietary patterns of a population from Brazil and another from Colombia with respect to understanding their determinants, similarities and differences. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted based on secondary data. The dietary patterns of the adult population of Pernambuco, Brazil, as well as those of the adult population of Antioquia, Colombia, were analysed using principal component analysis method with orthogonal varimax rotation, and a Poisson regression with robust variance was used to verify the association between eating patterns and socio-economic variables. RESULTS: In each population, three eating patterns were identified. One of them related to healthy eating, named "Prudent", was identified in the two populations analysed. In Pernambuco, a food pattern consisting exclusively of foods with some degree of processing was verified, entitled "Processed". The food culture was reflected in the pattern called "Traditional-Regional" in Pernambuco and the "Traditional" and "Regional" patterns in Antioquia. CONCLUSIONS: Income, education, age, family size, food security status and area of residence were presented as determinants of dietary patterns in both populations. Elements of the food transition were found, which seems to have happened more rapidly in Pernambuco. The food groups that make up the dietary patterns of each population are similar, but the foods that constitute them present differences due to their availability depending on aspects such as climate, soil quality, access to water, local culture and food tradition.
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Conducta Alimentaria , Adulto , Humanos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estudios Transversales , América LatinaRESUMEN
The scope of this article is to describe the main components of the food systems of Brazil, Colombia and Panama. It involved a narrative review of the literature from 2000 to 2022, based on the concept of food systems proposed by the Committee on World Food Security. A system of agro-industrial production, monoculture, use of pesticides and exploitation of natural resources predominates in all three countries, and the area occupied by family farmers is reduced. Multinational supermarket chains dominate food distribution, essentially in large urban centers, despite the increasing search for alternative models. Advances have been made in food labeling regulation (Colombia and Brazil) and in the taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages (Panama). The predominant food systems in these countries generate a significant and negative environmental impact, favor the consumption of ultra-processed foods, high prevalence of obesity and chronic non-transmissible diseases and increase in hunger, violating the human right to adequate food.
O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os principais componentes dos sistemas alimentares de Brasil, Colômbia e Panamá. Revisão narrativa de literatura dos anos 2000 a 2022, ancorada no conceito de sistemas alimentares do Comitê de Segurança Alimentar Mundial. Nos três países, predomina um sistema de produção agroindustrial, monocultura, uso de agrotóxicos e exploração dos recursos naturais. A área ocupada por produtores familiares é reduzida. As redes multinacionais de supermercados dominam a distribuição dos alimentos, essencialmente nos grandes centros urbanos, apesar da crescente busca por modelos alternativos. Nota-se avanços na regulamentação da rotulagem de alimentos (Colômbia e Brasil) e na tributação de bebidas açucaradas (Panamá). Os sistemas alimentares predominantes nesses países geram importante e negativo impacto ambiental, favorecem o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, a elevada prevalência de obesidade e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e o aumento da fome, violando o direito humano à alimentação adequada.
Asunto(s)
Alimentos , Obesidad , Humanos , Brasil , Colombia , Obesidad/epidemiología , ImpuestosRESUMEN
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os principais componentes dos sistemas alimentares de Brasil, Colômbia e Panamá. Revisão narrativa de literatura dos anos 2000 a 2022, ancorada no conceito de sistemas alimentares do Comitê de Segurança Alimentar Mundial. Nos três países, predomina um sistema de produção agroindustrial, monocultura, uso de agrotóxicos e exploração dos recursos naturais. A área ocupada por produtores familiares é reduzida. As redes multinacionais de supermercados dominam a distribuição dos alimentos, essencialmente nos grandes centros urbanos, apesar da crescente busca por modelos alternativos. Nota-se avanços na regulamentação da rotulagem de alimentos (Colômbia e Brasil) e na tributação de bebidas açucaradas (Panamá). Os sistemas alimentares predominantes nesses países geram importante e negativo impacto ambiental, favorecem o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, a elevada prevalência de obesidade e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e o aumento da fome, violando o direito humano à alimentação adequada.
Abstract The scope of this article is to describe the main components of the food systems of Brazil, Colombia and Panama. It involved a narrative review of the literature from 2000 to 2022, based on the concept of food systems proposed by the Committee on World Food Security. A system of agro-industrial production, monoculture, use of pesticides and exploitation of natural resources predominates in all three countries, and the area occupied by family farmers is reduced. Multinational supermarket chains dominate food distribution, essentially in large urban centers, despite the increasing search for alternative models. Advances have been made in food labeling regulation (Colombia and Brazil) and in the taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages (Panama). The predominant food systems in these countries generate a significant and negative environmental impact, favor the consumption of ultra-processed foods, high prevalence of obesity and chronic non-transmissible diseases and increase in hunger, violating the human right to adequate food.