RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Type 1 thyroplasty is performed to improve glottis closure as well as dysphagic symptoms in patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the motility of the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter in patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility before and after thyroplasty Type I. METHODS: We prospectively studied 15 patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility who underwent thyroplasty Type I. Subjects were divided according to the topography of vagal injury and presence of dysphagia. High resolution manometry was performed before and 30 days after surgery. Time and pressure manometric parameters at the topography of the velopharynx, epiglottis and upper esophageal sphincter were recorded. RESULTS: Dysphagia was present in 67% of patients. 63% had lower vagal injuries. Manometric parameters did not change after thyroplasty for the whole population. The group of dysphagic patients, however, had an increase in residual pressure at the upper esophageal sphincter after thyroplasty (1.2 vs. 5.2mmHg; p=0.05). Patients with low vagal injury developed higher peak pressure (100 vs. 108.9mmHg p≤0.001), lower rise time (347 vs. 330ms p = 0.04), and higher up stroke (260 vs. 266.2mmHg/ms p=0.04) at the topography of the velopharynx after thyroplasty. CONCLUSION: Pharyngeal motility is affected by thyroplasty Type I in patients with dysphagia and low vagal injury.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución , Laringoplastia , Esfínter Esofágico Superior , Humanos , Manometría , Pliegues VocalesRESUMEN
The motility of the pharynx, upper esophageal sphincter (UES), and proximal esophagus in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia is still not entirely understood. High-resolution manometry (HRM) was recently added to the armamentarium for the study of this area. This study aims to describe HRM findings in patients with vagal paralysis. Sixteen patients (mean age 54 years, 69% females) with oropharyngeal dysphagia due to unilateral vagal paralysis were prospectively studied. All patients underwent HRM. Motility of the UES and at the topography of the velopharynx and epiglottis were recorded. (1) UES relaxation is compromised in a minority of patients, (2) epiglottis pressure does not follow a specific pattern, (3) vellum is hypotonic in half of the patients, (4) dysphagia is related to a low pharyngeal pressure, not to a flow obstruction at the level of the UES, and (5) aspiration is related to low pressures at the level of the UES and epiglottis and higher pressures at the level of the vellum. Pharyngeal motility is significantly impaired in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and unilateral vagal paralysis. In half of the cases, UES resting pressure is preserved due to unilateral innervation and relaxation is normal in most patients. Dysphagia therapy in these patients must be directed toward improvement in the oropharyngeal motility not at the UES.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico , Esfínter Esofágico Superior/inervación , Manometría/métodos , Faringe/inervación , Adulto , Deglución , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Orofaringe , PresiónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with otorhinolaryngologic (ear, nose, and throat-ENT) symptoms attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are usually treated with medication based on the findings of nasal endoscopy and laryngoscopy only. This study aims to determine sensitivity and specificity of symptoms, nasal endoscopy, and laryngoscopy for the diagnosis of GERD as compared to pH monitoring. METHODS: We studied 79 patients (mean age 53 years, 38 % males) in whom ENT symptoms were assumed to be secondary to GERD. All patients underwent a transnasal laryngoscopy by the ENT team and upper endoscopy and esophageal function tests by the surgical team. GERD was defined by a pathological pH monitoring. RESULTS: Pathologic reflux by pH monitoring was documented in 36 of the 79 patients (46 %), with a mean DeMeester score of 44. In 25 of the 36 patients (69 %), distal and proximal reflux was present. Among patients with negative pH monitoring, one patient was diagnosed with achalasia. ENT symptom sensitivity for globus, hoarseness and throat clearing was respectively 11, 58, and 33 %; specificity was respectively 77, 42, and 58 %. Positive predictive value for nasal endoscopy and laryngoscopy was 46 %. Among patients with positive pH monitoring, 13 (36 %) had a hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter (p < 0.01) and 27 (34 %) had abnormal peristalsis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results of this study showed that (a) ENT symptoms were unreliable for the diagnosis of GERD and (b) laryngoscopy had a low positive predictive value for the diagnosis of GERD. These data confirm the importance of esophageal manometry and pH monitoring in any patient with suspected ENT manifestations of GERD before starting empiric therapy with acid-reducing medications since pathologic reflux by pH monitoring was confirmed in less than half of the patients with suspected GERD.
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Monitorización del pH Esofágico , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Laringoscopía , Manometría , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Endoscopía , Femenino , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/complicaciones , Ronquera/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The ideal approach for the treatment of glottal insufficiency remains a challenge for laryngologists. AIM: This experimental study assessed the histological changes and fibrosis caused by autologous fascia lata grafts into the rabbit voice muscle. STUDY DESIGN: A clinical and experimental study. METHODS: A 0.2 × 0.2 cm fragment of autologous fascia lata was grafted into the right voice muscle of 14 adult rabbits. Animals were euthanized 30 or 60 days post-procedure and histology of the excised vocal folds was carried out. RESULTS: No extensive edema, necrosis or foreign body-type reaction was observed at any time. No significant inflammatory reaction or fibrosis was seen at 30 or 60 days. CONCLUSION: The presence of fascia lata in the rabbit voice muscle had no significant influence on inflammation, and does not increase fibrosis. Rabbit voice muscle shows good tolerance to fascia lata grafting.
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Fascia Lata/trasplante , Músculos Laríngeos/cirugía , Pliegues Vocales/cirugía , Animales , Inflamación , Músculos Laríngeos/patología , Masculino , Conejos , Trasplante Autólogo , Pliegues Vocales/patologíaRESUMEN
The ideal approach for the treatment of glottal insufficiency remains a challenge for laryngologists. AIM: This experimental study assessed the histological changes and fibrosis caused by autologous fascia lata grafts into the rabbit voice muscle. STUDY DESIGN: A clinical and experimental study. METHODS: A 0.2 × 0.2 cm fragment of autologous fascia lata was grafted into the right voice muscle of 14 adult rabbits. Animals were euthanized 30 or 60 days post-procedure and histology of the excised vocal folds was carried out. RESULTS: No extensive edema, necrosis or foreign body-type reaction was observed at any time. No significant inflammatory reaction or fibrosis was seen at 30 or 60 days. CONCLUSION: The presence of fascia lata in the rabbit voice muscle had no significant influence on inflammation, and does not increase fibrosis. Rabbit voice muscle shows good tolerance to fascia lata grafting.
A apropriada abordagem no tratamento da insuficiência glótica causada por paralisa, cicatriz e atrofia de prega vocal é um desafio ao laringologista. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo avaliou as alterações histológicas e fibrose desencadeadas pelo enxerto autólogo de fáscia lata no músculo vocalde coelhos. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico e Experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo experimental com 14 coelhos adultos que foram submetidos a implante de fáscia lata autóloga medindo 0,2 x 0,2cm, no músculo vocal direito. Os animais foram sacrificados após 30 e 60 dias do procedimento, suas laringes removidas e submetidas a estudo histológico. RESULTADOS: Não foi observado edema extenso, área de necrose ou reação inflamatória do tipo corpo estranho. A reação inflamatória observada após 30 e 60 dias foi leve, bem como a fibrose desencadeada. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de fáscia lata autóloga no músculo vocal de coelho não desencadeou fibrose e resposta inflamatória significativa.
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Animales , Masculino , Conejos , Fascia Lata/trasplante , Músculos Laríngeos/cirugía , Pliegues Vocales/cirugía , Inflamación , Músculos Laríngeos/patología , Trasplante Autólogo , Pliegues Vocales/patologíaRESUMEN
O correto diagnóstico das lesões benignas da laringe ainda causa dúvida em laringologistas experientes, apesar dos avanços diagnósticos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a telelaringoscopia (pré-operatória) com a laringoscopia de suspensão (intra-operatória) no diagnóstico das lesões benignas das pregas vocais. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo através da análise de 79 prontuários de pacientes acompanhados em um hospital universitário. Em todos os prontuários havia pelo menos uma hipótese diagnóstica ambulatorial sugerida pela telelaringoscopia, que posteriormente foi comparada aos achados intra-operatórios da laringoscopia de suspensão. RESULTADOS: Quase dois terços dos pacientes eram do gênero feminino, com idade variando de 12 aos 66 anos (média de 37 anos). Dos 79 pacientes estudados, foram diagnosticadas 95 lesões com a telelaringoscopia e 124 com a laringoscopia de suspensão. A lesão benigna mais freqüente foi pólipo vocal em ambos os métodos. Em 64,5 por cento dos casos, o diagnóstico das lesões feito no ambulatório foi o mesmo dos achados cirúrgicos. CONCLUSÃO: O laringologista deve estar preparado para alterar seu planejamento cirúrgico e abordagens terapêuticas devido às mudanças diagnósticas que ocorrem no intra-operatório.
Proper diagnosis of laryngeal benign lesions still brings doubts among experienced laryngologists, despite current diagnostic progress. AIM: the goal of this study was to compare telelaryngoscopy (preoperative) with suspension laryngoscopy (intraoperative) on the diagnosis of vocal fold benign lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a restrospective study analyzing 79 charts from patients followed up in a University Hospital. In all the charts there was at least diagnostic hypothesis suggested by telelaryngoscopy, which was later on compared to intraoperative findings of suspension laryngoscopy. RESULTS: Almost two-thirds of the patients were females, with ages varying between 12 and 66 years (mean of 37 years). Of the 79 patients studied, we diagnosed 95 lesions with telelaryngoscopy and 124 with suspension laryngoscopy. The most frequently found benign lesion was the vocal polyp in both methods. In 64.5 percent of the cases the diagnosis of the lesions in the outpatient ward was the same as those in the surgical findings. CONCLUSION: Laryngologists must be prepared to alter their surgical planning and treatment approaches because of diagnostic changes that may happen during surgery.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Enfermedades de la Laringe/diagnóstico , Laringoscopía/métodos , Pliegues Vocales , Enfermedades de la Laringe/cirugía , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pliegues Vocales/cirugía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Proper diagnosis of laryngeal benign lesions still brings doubts among experienced laryngologists, despite current diagnostic progress. AIM: The goal of this study was to compare telelaryngoscopy (preoperative) with suspension laryngoscopy (intraoperative) on the diagnosis of vocal fold benign lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a restrospective study analyzing 79 charts from patients followed up in a University Hospital. In all the charts there was at least diagnostic hypothesis suggested by telelaryngoscopy, which was later on compared to intraoperative findings of suspension laryngoscopy. RESULTS: Almost two-thirds of the patients were females, with ages varying between 12 and 66 years (mean of 37 years). Of the 79 patients studied, we diagnosed 95 lesions with telelaryngoscopy and 124 with suspension laryngoscopy. The most frequently found benign lesion was the vocal polyp in both methods. In 64.5% of the cases the diagnosis of the lesions in the outpatient ward was the same as those in the surgical findings. CONCLUSION: Laryngologists must be prepared to alter their surgical planning and treatment approaches because of diagnostic changes that may happen during surgery.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Laringe/diagnóstico , Laringoscopía/métodos , Pliegues Vocales , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades de la Laringe/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pliegues Vocales/cirugía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
As paralisias faciais traumáticas são a segunda causa mais freqüente de Paralisia Facial Periférica, ficando somente atrás dos casos ditos idiopáticos. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico retrospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram estudados retrospectivamente 82 pacientes atendidos no período de janeiro de 1990 a janeiro de 1999 no ambulatório de ORL da Escola Paulista de Medicina. RESULTADO: Deste grupo 54, eram do sexo masculino (65.8 por cento) e 28 do sexo feminino (34.2 por cento). A idade média foi de 30.9 anos (variando de 2 a 75 anos). Quanto ao tipo de trauma, obtivemos: 15 (18.22 por cento) iatrogênicos, 2 (2.44 por cento) por ferimentos cortantes da face, 50 (60.97 por cento) pós-traumas crânio-encefálicos, 14 (17.07 por cento) ferimentos por projéteis de arma de fogo e 1 (1.22 por cento) ao nascimento. Quanto ao tipo de aparecimento, observamos: 71 (86.5 por cento) de início súbito, 10 (12.3 por cento) progressivos e 1 (1.2 por cento) ao nascimento. Quanto aos testes elétricos iniciais, observamos: 32 (43.84 por cento) com exames que foram simétricos e 41 (56.16 por cento) com exames inescitáveis. Dos 32 casos com simetria, observamos 24 com recuperação total, 6 com 80 por cento de recuperação e 2 com 60 por cento; já nos casos inexcitáveis, dos 41 casos apenas 5 evoluíram para a recuperação total. CONCLUSÃO: Frente aos resultados concluímos que: 1. Houve predomínio da incidência no sexo masculino; 2. Houve predomínio dos casos súbitos e estes evoluíram proporcionalmente melhor que os progressivos; 3. Houve predomínio dos casos de etiologia por TCE e estes evoluíram proporcionalmente melhor que as outras etiologias; 4. Os testes elétricos realizados puderam prever com bom grau de acerto a evolução dos pacientes; 5. O tipo de tratamento realizado foi proporcionalmente mais agressivo quanto mais intensa era a paralisia, com bons resultados.