Mediterranean diet adherence and nutritional literacy: an observational cross-sectional study of the reality of university students in a COVID-19 pandemic context.

Aim: To evaluate the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and the level of nutritional literacy (NL) among university students from different academic fields of study, within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 1114 first-year undergraduate students at the University of Lisbon, Portugal, were included in this study. A self-administered online questionnaire was applied that included questions regarding sociodemographic information, the MD measured by the PREDIMED questionnaire (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) and NL assessed using the Newest Vital Sign questionnaire. Results: The average PREDIMED score revealed a low adherence (6.79±2.14 points) to the MD. Notably, students in the Social Sciences and Humanities academic fields showed the highest level of adherence (U=21 071; p<0.05). Within the Health field, there was a greater prevalence of dietary behaviours aligned with the MD, contributing to higher overall adherence scores. Furthermore, 84.1% of the participants demonstrated adequate NL. Interestingly, students in the Exact Sciences and Engineering field demonstrated the highest levels of NL (5.07±1.19), particularly in questions involving mathematical reasoning. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that university students in Lisbon do not follow a MD and are far from the recommendations of this dietary pattern. While most participants showed adequate NL, it is essential to highlight the link between knowledge and application to daily practice. Despite positive literacy levels, there remains a deficit in translating this knowledge into correct dietary practices.

Well-being and academic achievement in secondary school pupils: The unique effects of burnout and engagement.

The main goal of this study was to examine the relationship among burnout, engagement, well-being, and academic performance in Portuguese secondary school pupils. The existence of gender related differences in these relationships was also investigated. The sample was composed of 489 pupils who attended an academic track at secondary school. Results of multi-group structural equation modelling indicated that higher levels of cynicism towards studies were associated with lower academic achievement. Exhaustion was not uniquely related to the adolescents' academic achievement or well-being. However, higher levels of engagement, namely dedication and vigour, were related to higher levels of well-being. Moreover, vigour was also uniquely associated with academic achievement. The results were similar for boys and girls. Implications for intervention and future research are discussed.

Commitment in different relationships statuses: validation study of the personal commitment scale.

This study presents the validation process of the Portuguese version of the short-form Dedication Scale (Rhoades, Stanley, & Markman, 2006; Stanley, 1986), with a sample of 924 participants in different relationship statutes. With 14 items, this short version is recommended by the authors for its simple use, when wanting to measure commitment in romantic relationships. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the instrument did not have a totally acceptable fit with the data so an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. This revealed a one-dimensional structure of the scale, and led to the exclusion of two items, which relate to a distinct meta-commitment dimension. In sum, the Portuguese version (ECP - Personal Commitment Scale) has 12 items, with good internal consistency (α = .82), correlations item-total between .36 and .60, and good criteria validity (p < .001). Its use for research is therefore appropriate. In a second study, significant differences were found between the participants' four relationship statuses (dating non-cohabiting and cohabiting relationships, formal unions and marriage) (p < .001; η2 p = .03). Results showed that married participants were more committed than those in a formal union, even when controlling for several relational and socio-demographic variables. No differences were found between cohabiting and non-cohabiting dating participants. Men reported higher levels of commitment than women (p < .001; η2 p = .02). Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

O papel dos esquemas precoces mal adaptativos na explicação do burnout e do engagement / The role of early maladaptive schemas in the explanation of burnout and engagement

O objetivo deste trabalho foi explorar o papel dos esquemas precoces mal adaptativos (EPMA) na relação entre o estresse e o burnout e entre o estresse e o engagement profissional. A amostra foi composta por 400 sujeitos, nos quais foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: Maslach Burnout Inventory, o Student Engagement Inventory, o Questionário de Ansiedade (STAI) e o Questionário de Esquemas. Os resultados confirmaram que os EPMA de dependência funcional / incompetência e de modelos de falta de compaixão funcionaram como mediadores da relação entre o estresse e o burnout, de modo que quanto mais altos os valores nestes esquemas, mais elevados são os níveis de estresse e os valores da exaustão emocional e do cinismo. O esquema de dependência funcional / incompetência funciona como mediador nas relações entre o estresse e o engagement, de modo que quanto mais baixos os valores deste esquema, mais baixos são os níveis de estresse e maiores os valores da dedicação e vigor.(AU)

The aim of this paper was to explore the role of early maladaptive schemas (EPMA) into the relationship between stress and burnout and also into the relationship between stress and professional engagement. The sample comprised 400 subjects who were administered the following instruments of self-assessment: Maslach Burnout Inventory, Student Engagement Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Schemas Questionnaire. The results confirmed that the EPMAs of functional dependence / incompetence and of the models of lack of compassion act as mediators of the relationship between stress and burnout, in such way that the presence of high values in these schemes make higher the levels of stress and the values of emotional exhaustion and cynicism. The dependence / incompetence functional scheme works as a mediator of the relationship between stress and engagement, functioning in such way that in the presence of low levels of the scheme the lower are the levels of stress, and higher are the values of devotion and force.(AU)

O papel dos esquemas precoces mal adaptativos na explicação do burnout e do engagement / The role of early maladaptive schemas in the explanation of burnout and engagement

O objetivo deste trabalho foi explorar o papel dos esquemas precoces mal adaptativos (EPMA) na relação entre o estresse e o burnout e entre o estresse e o engagement profissional. A amostra foi composta por 400 sujeitos, nos quais foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: Maslach Burnout Inventory, o Student Engagement Inventory, o Questionário de Ansiedade (STAI) e o Questionário de Esquemas. Os resultados confirmaram que os EPMA de dependência funcional / incompetência e de modelos de falta de compaixão funcionaram como mediadores da relação entre o estresse e o burnout, de modo que quanto mais altos os valores nestes esquemas, mais elevados são os níveis de estresse e os valores da exaustão emocional e do cinismo. O esquema de dependência funcional / incompetência funciona como mediador nas relações entre o estresse e o engagement, de modo que quanto mais baixos os valores deste esquema, mais baixos são os níveis de estresse e maiores os valores da dedicação e vigor...

The aim of this paper was to explore the role of early maladaptive schemas (EPMA) into the relationship between stress and burnout and also into the relationship between stress and professional engagement. The sample comprised 400 subjects who were administered the following instruments of self-assessment: Maslach Burnout Inventory, Student Engagement Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Schemas Questionnaire. The results confirmed that the EPMAs of functional dependence / incompetence and of the models of lack of compassion act as mediators of the relationship between stress and burnout, in such way that the presence of high values in these schemes make higher the levels of stress and the values of emotional exhaustion and cynicism. The dependence / incompetence functional scheme works as a mediator of the relationship between stress and engagement, functioning in such way that in the presence of low levels of the scheme the lower are the levels of stress, and higher are the values of devotion and force...

Burnout en estudiantes universitarios de España y Portugal y su relación con variables académicas / Burnout in university students and their relationship with academic variables

La investigación actual referida al burnout está ampliando su campo de estudio. De las primeras investigaciones centradas en profesionales de ayuda se ha pasado al estudio del burnout en otros profesionales. Por otro lado, la preocupación de las universidades por ofrecer una enseñanza de calidad supone considerar todas las variables implicadas en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje y el bienestar de los estudiantes es un elemento clave en este proceso. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en el estudio del burnout en estudiantes universitarios de España y Portugal. Una muestra de 1988 estudiantes universitarios de diferentes titulaciones respondieron al cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey (Schaufeli, Salanova, González-Romá y Bakker, 2002). Los resultados muestran la existencia de diferencias significativas en las dimensiones de burnout relacionadas con variables sociodemográficas. Al mismo tiempo el burnout se muestra como predictores del desempeño, las expectativas de éxito y la tendencia al abandono (AU)