[Shotgun injury--multiple pellets]. / Poranení brokovou zbraní-hromadná strela.

Both typical and less frequent features of gunshot wounds caused by shotguns are reported in the following article. The pattern of shotgun injury predominantly depends on gauge, choke, number and diameter of used pellets, muzzle-victim distance and on character of the afflicted area of the body. Characteristic ballistic properties of shotgun pellets, their wounding potential and significance in forensic patology are presented.

[Shotgun gunshot injury--shotgun slugs]. / Poranení brokovou zbraní--jednotné strely.

Injuries caused by a shotgun belong to the group of less frequent gunshot wounds. Shotguns are usually used to fire multiple pellets, but they are capable of firing single projectiles. Shotgun slug injuries are rare and severe, and fully compareable to those inflicted by high-velocity projectiles. Thanks to great slug's mass and size can create more tissue destruction than the high-velocity missiles. Characteristic ballistic properties of shotgun slugs, their wounding potential and significance in forensic pathology are presented.

Persistence of spongy myocardium with embryonic blood supply in an adult.

Gross presence of the embryonic pattern of myoarchitecture and of a sinusoid blood supply was found in the apical part of the left ventricle in a man who had been diagnosed with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy during life and who died suddenly at age 21 years. This is a first description of this finding in an adult with an otherwise normal heart and coronary arteries. The features of the cardiac lesions provide support for the current embryological views on ontogenesis of human myocardial structure and blood supply.

[Gas gun injuries]. / Poranení plynovou pistolí.

Target guns where a cast shot, range 4.5 mm expelled by CO2 from a sparklet can cause from a distance of at least 3 m a soft tissue injury. It can be considered a weapon which may cause serious injuries.

[Regeneration of auto- and isografts of submandibular glands in the brain of laboratory mice. I. Morphologic evaluation of the healed graft using light microscopy]. / Regenerace auto- a isotransplantátu submandibulární zlázy v mozku laboratorní mysi. I. Morfologické vyhodnocení vhojených transplantátu ve svetelném mikroskopu.

The mouse granular convoluted tubules of submandibular gland of laboratory mouse are releasing a range of biologically active peptides (renin, neural growth factor and others) into both the saliva and blood circulation, the males producing it in a larger extent than females. Recently, several from respective peptides were identified to be endogenous ones and brain-related. The present work was aimed to utilise submandibular gland/SMG auto- and isotransplants regenerating in murine brain as a possibly local source of peptides. Experimentally, the newborn and juvenile matured white A breeded mice of both sexes were used. Glandular grafts were grafted into brain parenchyma or CSF spaces. Laboratory animals have then been perished during the first 6 weeks after transplantation, and the transplants so acquired evaluated as serial frontal sections embedded in paraffin and H.E. stained by light microscopy. Also cryocate sections were incubated in order to detect the presence of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and succinic dehydrogenase/(SDH). It was stated experimentally that both mentioned SMG grafts underwent the survival and development intracerebrally. Some first regressive changes were gradually replaced by glandular proliferation and lobular neomorphogenesis having been more pronounced in osotransplants. The proliferative period was characterized by cellular mitoses, multiplication of duct-like and terminal tubulous structures of newly formed glandular lobules. Partially, the isotransplants display the transformation of proliferation stage into that of cellular cytodifferentiation followed by gradual appearance of striated ducts, acini and even granular convoluted tubules on the 5th week after transplantation. Also the reoccurrence of enzyme activities in the transplant parenchyma after their initially total disappearance is testifying of both proliferation and cytodifferentiation developed gradually. During the first days of implantation, the revascularization of grafts occurs, those being high in AP endothelial activity of vessels newly formed. This is to conclude that higher proliferative intensity of isotransplants and their exclusive cytodifferentiation demonstrate that an undifferentiated murine SMG which can develop itself ontogenetically is more effective graft than a SMG differentiated fully. On the next stage, the development of glandular grafts will be studied with more delay after transplantations. Also the enzyme implementation of new parenchymatous components is to be elucidated. Further experimentation is planified as to influencing intracerebral SMG graft development with administration of hormones and isoproterenol to laboratory animals.

[Heart rupture in acute myocardial infarct--analysis of 110 cases]. / Ruptura srdce pri akutním infarktu myokardu--rozbor 110 prípadu.

One hundred and ten cases of heart rupture (27%) were found among 408 postmortems of acute myocardial infarction from 1976 to 1982. After intensive care units were introduced the rate of rupture increased from 17% to 30% and reached 39% of the total. Ruptures were more frequent in women (32%) than in men (24%), their frequency increasing with the age; average age was 70 years in men and 72 years in women. Sudden death occurred in 16% of the patients; the interval between the first symptoms of infarction and death was 24 hours in 39% and 1 week or less in 90% of those affected. Most cases with extremely short history showed a fully developed infarction at autopsy. The rupture was, in fact, the first manifestation of latent ("silent") infarction. Less usual types of heart rupture (incomplete rupture, i. e. dissection of the free wall of the left ventricle and rupture of interventricular septum or papillary muscles of the left ventricle) are discussed in detail. Practical experience of the study is summarized in comments on heart autopsy.

[Pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle (healing of the cardiac wall rupture in a myocardial infarct)]. / Pseudoaneurysma levé komory (zhojení ruptury srdecní steny pri infarktu myokardu).

Rupture of the left ventricle in an infarction is nearly always ensued by a massive pericardiac haemorrhage and sudden death of cardiac tamponade. Quite exceptionally, haemorrhage can be confined in pericardiac adhesions which is followed by a pseudoaneurysm. Case of a 62 year old man is depicted who deceased suddenly 7 months after an acute posterior wall heart infarction. A voluminous pseudoaneurysm was found at the ruptured posterior wall of the left ventricle. Retrospective clinical evaluation fixed the heart rupture on the 10th day after infarction.

[Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type I - familial occurrence]. / Syndrom mnohotné endokrinní neoplazie, typ I--rodinný výskyt.

Endocrine adenomatosis of Langerhan's islets (gastrinoma), parathyroid, pituitary gland and adrenals manifested itself at a proband by Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and perhaps hyperparathyroidism. Proband late brother's autopsy was reviewed and a similar morphology was found with Cushing's syndrome and peptic ulcer. Both brethren's mother died from a complication of recurring peptic ulcer.