Sildenafil citrate on experimental periodontitis in rats: Microtomographic and histological analyses.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of sildenafil citrate on the prevention and progression of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: Group 1 (preventive) and Group 2 (progression). In Group 1, the animals received daily doses of sildenafil (10 mg/kg) or vehicle for 30 days, and EP was induced on the 15th day. In Group 2, the EP was induced on the first day, and the animals received daily doses of sildenafil (10 mg/kg) or vehicle from the 15th day. For EP, ligatures were placed around the right first mandibular molars. Microtomographic, histomorphometric and histological analyses were carried out to evaluate the alveolar bone loss and inflammatory degree. For statistical analyses, t test and the Mann-Whitney test were used, considering a level of significance of 95%. RESULTS: In Group 2, the animals treated with sildenafil showed a significantly lower bone resorption (p = .05). Similarly, the subgroup treated with sildenafil displayed a significantly lesser degree of inflammation (p = .01). No significant differences were observed between the subgroups of the Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Sildenafil decreased the inflammatory process, as well as the alveolar bone loss when used to modulate the progression of experimental periodontitis.

Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in the maxillofacial region detected by cone beam CT.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans with different fields of view (FOV) and to assess its relation with the clinical relevance of the CBCT findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One thousand CBCT scans were grouped according to FOV's size and region scanned (MX-FOV, maxilla; MD-FOV, mandible; and MM-FOV, maxilla/mandible) and evaluated for the presence of soft tissue calcifications. Laterality and length of the elongated styloid processes (ESP) were also assessed. RESULTS: Eight hundred and eighty-two soft tissue calcifications were detected in 626 (62.6%) patients. MM-FOV presented the highest prevalence (76.8%), followed by MD-FOV (60.6%) and MX-FOV (57.2%). ESP and tonsillolith were the most frequent calcifications. Calcifications requiring treatment or not and those in need of follow-up accounted for 6.9%, 92.7%, and 0.3% of cases, respectively. There was no association between calcifications and subjects' gender or age (p > .05). Most cases of ESP occurred bilaterally and were longer in males (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in CBCT, and ESP and tonsilloliths are the most common types in all evaluated FOVs. While most cases do not require treatment, we emphasize the importance of detailed CBCT assessment for its diagnosis.

Comparison of digital systems and conventional dental film for the detection of approximal enamel caries.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were (1) to compare the accuracy of the detection of approximal enamel caries lesions using three intraoral storage phosphor plate digital systems and one conventional film-based radiographic system; and (2) to determine whether there is a correlation between the histological and radiographic measurements of enamel caries. METHODS: 160 approximal surfaces were radiographed under standardized conditions using three storage phosphor stimulable systems (DenOptix and Digora FMX with white and blue plates), and one film system (Insight film). 17 observers scored the images for the presence and depth of caries using a 4-point scale. The presence of caries was validated histologically (gold standard). Two-way analysis of variance was used to test the differences in sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy (TP + TN). The data from the radiographic and histological measurements were statistically analysed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Two-way analysis of variance and the post hoc t-test demonstrated that Digora (white plate) had higher specificity and overall accuracy values than DenOptix (P = 0.021); there was no statistically significant difference among the other imaging modalities (P > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the histological depth measurements and the radiographic measurements from Digora (blue plate) (P = 0.43), Digora (white plate) (P = 0.15), DenOptix (P = 0.17) and Insight film (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that (1) the performance of the three storage phosphor image plate systems was similar to that of the Insight film for detection of approximal enamel caries, and (2) the increase in histological depth of enamel caries was not significantly correlated with radiographic measurements.