[The dynamics of pulse rate and biochemical parameters in blood of healthy individuals in relation to Pc5-6 geomagnetic pulsations].

Four experiments on long-term monitoring of pulse rate and blood biochemical parameters in four healthy volunteers (women) were conducted. The duration of each experiment was 90 minutes, electrocardiography was performed continuously, taking blood sampling every two minutes. In venous blood the current concentrations of triiodothyronine, cortisol, glucose, stable metabolites of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) were determined. Synchronicity in oscillations of cortisol and free triiodothyronine levels in the blood of all four volunteers was detected, as well as the presence of the periods of 7-8 min and 15-17 min in the spectra of these biochemical parameters was observed. The periods in the spectra of NO(x) are equal to 7 min, 13 min and 25-30 min. It is shown that the, dynamics of variations in the heart rate is determined mostly by the rhythms of fluctuations in the level of NO(x) in the blood, and the periods in wavelet spectra of these physiological parameters in all four volunteers are close to the periods of their spectra synchronous variations of a. geomagnetic field vector in the frequency range of 0.5-3 mHz. The results obtained in this study indicate that. the presence of nitric oxide and its metabolites in the blood is a biochemical factor, with high probability of its participation in the developmental process of the fine "tuning" of the body to the variations of the geomagnetic field providing synchronization of variations in heart rate and geomagnetic fluctuations in the geomagnetic quiet conditions.

Fatty acids composition and food consumption among reindeer herders and urban inhabitants of the European North of Russia.

INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study was to examine the fatty acid (FA) composition of the total plasma lipids of the native inhabitants of the Russian European North, taking into consideration the differences in lifestyles and nutritional habits as well as the interrelationship between the plasma FA profile and nutrition. METHODS: In total, 78 native residents of the Russian European North (61 men and 17 women) from two regions of Komi Republic of Northern Russia (Izhma settlement and city Syktyvkar), aged 25-45 years, were included in this study. The Izhma group consisted of reindeer herders (17 men and 17 women). The comparison group (44 men) consisted of citizens of Syktyvkar. Venous blood plasma after overnight fasting was used for analysis of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, vitamins and total FA composition. A modified questionnaire 'Seafood and the health of the people of the North' was used for the assessment of nutrition. RESULTS: The levels of total FAs in the blood plasma of Indigenous inhabitants of Russian European North were at the lower border of the reference range. In the Izhma group, levels of n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (1.3/0.9-1.8; p<0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (2.2/1.5-2.8; p=0.025), n-7 palmitoleic FA (2.3/1.9-2.5; p<0.001) were higher than in the Syktyvkar group. At the same time, levels of n-6 linoleic acid (32.1/29.2-35.5; p=0.003) were significantly lower in the male reindeer herders of Izhma. Comparison of the nutritional habits of both groups revealed larger consumption of fish, meat and reindeer fat (p<0.001), eggs (p=0.004), high-carbohydrate products (white bread (p=0.033) and macaroni (p<0.001)) by reindeer herders of Izhma. The participants in the urban group demonstrated higher consumption of fruits (p<0.001), butter (p=0.013), cultured milk foods (p=0.010) and vegetables (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed more beneficial n-6/n-3 FA ratios in reindeer herders of Russian European North than in urban inhabitants. Higher plasma polyunsaturated n-3 FA (EPA, DHA) levels in reindeer herders who had more fish in their diet were demonstrated. In addition, inland reindeer herders showed higher palmitoleic acid levels and lower linoleic acid levels in blood total lipids than urban inhabitants. The nutritional features and environmental conditions were assumed to have the greatest effects on plasma FA profiles and lipid metabolism in the Indigenous inhabitants of Russian European North.

[The low content of apolipoprotein E as a risk factor of increasing of ratio apolipoprotein B/A-1 in healthy males with normal lipemia].

The relationship of ratio of apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-1 with other indicators of lipid metabolism in healthy people with normal lipemia was analyzed. The dependence of ratio of apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-1 from content of apoE (X2=8.20; p=0.042) was established. Under low indicators of apoE risk of detection of unfavorable ratio apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-1 (higher than 0.9) increases (probability ratio 0.61, CI 95% 0.41-0.88, p=0.009). It is possible that low content of apoE results in deceleration of elimination and accumulation of lipoproteins in blood. This occurrence is followed by alteration of balance between apoE and apoA-1. In general, among patients with unfavorable ratio apoB/apoA-1 in spite of normal lipemia were detected higher indicators of triglycerides and atherogenic index of plasma and lower values of ratio of cholesterol lipoproteins of low density and apoB. This observation indicates on increasing of quantity triglyceride-reach lipoproteins and little solid lipoproteins of low density. Therefore, low content of apoE in blood can be considered as a predictor of increasing of ratio apoB/apoA-1 in healthy persons.

[Functional indices of the participants of the satellite experiments of the "Mars-500" project in the north of Russia in different seasons of a year].

17 male northerners participating in the satellite experiments of the '"Mars-500" project passed through the morphological, physiometric, psychological and biochemical studies. The prenosological health indices in different seasons were calculated using the hardware-software complex "Ecosan-2007". Seasonal sinusoidal fluctuations were detected for the thermoregulation (body and skin temperature), lipids metabolism (cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels in the blood), circulation regulation under physical exercise (the increase of "double product" and its recovery time). In the majority of the participants the unfavorable deviations of body mass index, "power" and "life" indices, simple visual-motor reaction time, Kerdo vegetative index, physical health levels and regulatory systems activity index (in comparison with the mid-latitude standards) were found.

[Effects of acute normobaric hypoxia on free plasma amino acids metabolism in humans].

We demonstrated significant changes in levels of several plasma free amino acids--proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, and phenylalanine--in healthy volunteers in response to severe acute normobaric hypoxia (breathing nitrogen-oxygen mixture with 9% of O2). We assume that demonstrated an increase of free proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine in plasma in the 10th minute of hypoxia was caused by increased collagenolysis due to hypoxic activation of matrix metalloproteinases. Significantly increased levels of free phenylalanine in the 10th and 20th minutes of hypoxia were the consequences of autophagy activation. Our results suggest that acute severe normobaric hypoxia has specific effects on plasma free amino acids in healthy humans.

[Lipids and their correlation with vitamin D in the indigenous populations of Russia European North].

The aim of our research was to investigate the level of 25-OH vitamin D in blood plasma of indigenous inhabitants of Russia European North. The study showed that there was wide spreading of vitamin D deficiency among northerners especially in teenager. The significant reduction of 25-OH vitamin D3 was revealed in the inhabitants of Far North in March. It is shown that there is correlation of the vitamin D with total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A, high and low density lipoproteins and vitamin A and E.

[Lipids metabolism at aboriginal adolescents in Russian European North].

The aim of our research was to investigate the contents of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins in blood plasma of aboriginal adolescents of Russian European North (komi, n=104). It was established that there are specific Lipemic index at aboriginal adolescents: low level of the general cholesterol, triglycerides, transport lipoproteins both their albuminous components and raised proportion omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids concerning recommended specifications. Level of fat-soluble vitamins also has been considerably lowered. Adolescents living in 62 degrees N differed as a completely higher level of atherogenous fractions of lipids, than the adolescents of Circumpolar regions (65 degrees N) having traditional

[Rated power of conscripts in the north].

The nutrition on alimentary and power value in the term active duty soldier on the North on norm No 1 (troop ration) approaches to calculated sizes (with the exception of fat deficiency) that allows to support the physical working capacity and the body mass index on high enough level. However insufficient content of vitamins (polyhypovitaminosis) in organisms of most of studied persons was revealed. The dynamics of change of nutrition status in the soldiers on the North during year shows essential dependence on the weather rigidity parameters and the seasonal factor.

[Vitamin D level in the indigenous populations of Russia European North].

The aim of our research was to investigate the level of 25-OH vitamin D3 in blood plasma of indigenous inhabitants of Russia European North. The study showed that there was wide spreading of vitamin D deficiency among northerners especially in teenager. The significant reduction of level of 25-OH vitamin D3 was revealed in the inhabitants of Far North in March.

[Apolipoprotein E and triglyceride levels in various hepatic functional states].

Apolipoprotein E (apo-E) was ascertained to affect serum triglycerides levels in relation to the hepatic functional state. When apoE values were higher or in the normal range, the activity of gamma-glutamyltrasferase (gamma-GT) failed to considerably affect serum triglyceride levels. When apo-E values were lower, serum triglyceride levels substantially depended on the activity of gamma-GT. The highest serum triglyceride levels were noted in men having low apo-E concentrations with a high gamma-GT activity.

[Functional importance of apolipoprotein-E in lipid metabolism in inhabitants of the European North].

Serum apolipoprotein-E level was investigated in inhabitants of the Europena North. It was determined that there was a displacement of serum apolipoptotein-E level aside lower values in northerners. The values of apolipoprotein-E below norm were noted almost in half of examined persons. Levels of serum apolipoprotein-E did not differ in men and women and increased with age. Development of hypertriglyceridemia in inhabitants of the European North was observed at lower level of serum apolipoprotein-E in comparison with normolipidemia.

[Functional reserves of humans in North condition and its providing of fat-soluble vitamins].

It was been examined 810 healthy peoples inhabited in Russian European North. It was been shown that more than 35% of examined person from different group have lowered serum level of retinol and alpha-tocopherol. Described that alpha-tocopherol deficits occur more often and proposed that it cased as a result of free radical oxidation typical for North inhabitances.

[Seasonal aspects of the oxidative stress in Northeners].

Evaluated were consequences of changes in oxygen demand, bronchial conduction, exercise performance, functioning of antioxidant enzymes and body provision with natural oxidants for the level of free-radical oxidation products in human organism. To this end, a group of essentially healthy young male northerners spending much time outdoors was surveyed over a one-year period. Among the listed parameters oxidation of free radicals was particularly sensitive to seasonal insufficiency of some of the antioxidant enzymes.

[Correlation of uric acid, APO-CIII, and apo-E in healthy individuals and patients with coronary heart disease and hypertensive disease].

The relationship of the values of serum apolipoproteins and uric acid (UA) was studied in healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular diseases. It was shown that the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) was attended by the inversion of a correlation between the values of serum apo-CIII and apo-E and UA whereas in patients with CHD these relationships were also significant, but they were negative. It was ascertained that in patients with hypertensive disease there was no significant correlation between the serum levels of apo-CIII, apo-E, and UA.

[Uric acid, apo-E and apo-C3 correlation in normo- and hyperlipidemia].

AIM: To investigate correlations between the levels of uric acid and apo-E in patients with normo- and hyperlipidemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum lipids, apolipoprotein spectrum and uric acid levels were measured with Chronolab (Switzerland) kits in 78 patients: 58 with normolipidemia and 25 patients with hyperlipidemia of type IIa and IIb. RESULTS: Significantly higher levels of apo-E were registered in patients with hyperlipidemia than in patients with normolipidemia, but there were no differences by content of uric acid. A comparative correlation analysis detected a significant correlation between uric acid levels and apo-E in both groups but in normolipidemic patients the correlation was positive while in hyperlipidemic patients it was negative. CONCLUSION: Hyperlipidemia provokes inversion of correlation between the levels of uric acid, apo-E and apo-C3. A rise of apo-C3 may serve an adaptive mechanism of inhibition of apo-E induced hyperlipidemia.