RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a rare subset of NSCLC. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and clinical outcomes of metastatic NSCLC harboring uncommon EGFR mutation at Thailand's largest national tertiary hospital. The secondary objective was to compare treatment efficacy between EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and chemotherapy. METHODS: This retrospective chart review included patients that were tested for EGFR-mutation NSCLC during 2014-2018. Patient demographic and clinical data, treatment data, and outcome data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 681 patients that were evaluated for EGFR mutation, 317 (47.0%) had EGFR-mutant NSCLC, and 28 (8.8%) of those harbored uncommon EGFR mutations. The median follow-up was 19.1 months. History of tobacco use was reported in 50% of patients. The most common single mutation among uncommon EGFR was exon 20 insertion (n = 6), followed by L861Q (n = 5) and G719X (n = 4). Thirteen (46%) patients had compound mutations. One hundred percent of male patients with G719X mutation were smokers. Sixteen of 28 patients were treated with EGFR-TKI. Most received first-generation EGFR-TKI, and 29% were treated with chemotherapy alone. The objective response rate was 37.5% in the EGFR-TKI group. Median progression-free survival (PFS) in the EGFR-TKI group was 10.2 months. Median PFS among the 8 patients in the chemotherapy group that received first-line platinum doublet was 6.5 months. Three-year overall survival (OS) among 28 patients was 34%. Three-year OS was significantly better in patients treated with EGFR-TKI. CONCLUSIONS: Uncommon EGFR mutations was detected in 8.8% of EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Exon 20 insertion was the most common mutation, and 50% of patients had history of tobacco use. First- or second-generation EGFR-TKI demonstrated greater OS benefit than platinum-doublet chemotherapy among patients harboring uncommon EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Survival outcomes were comparable to those reported from previous large cohort studies.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Mutación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Quimioterapia , Receptores ErbB/genética , Exones/genética , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fumar/efectos adversos , Tailandia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Objectives. To determine how beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aß 1-42), total tau (tTau), and phosphorylated tau (pTau) levels in CSF behave in a cohort of Thai patients from the Memory Clinic in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods. During 2009-2011, twenty eight subjects from the memory clinic at Siriraj Hospital had CSF analysis for AD biomarkers. Aß 1-42, tTau, and pTau (at amino acid 181) were measured in CSF by ELISA technique. Results. Mean of Thai mental state examination (TMSE) of 28 Thai cohort was 16.48 (6.63). Fourteen had AD, ten had non-AD dementia, and four non-cases were those with subjective memory complaint (SMC) without dementia. Mean CSF Aß 1-42, tTau, ptau (181), and pTau/Aß 1-42 in the AD group were 241.36 (60.14) pg/mL, 222.79 (212.24) pg/mL, 40.79 (27.84) pg/mL, and 0.18 (0.12) accordingly. Mean CSF Aß 1-42, tTau, pTau (181), and pTau/Aß 1-42 in the non-AD dementia group were 430.40 (125.18) pg/mL, 349.30 (692.16) pg/mL, 36.80 (14.90) pg/mL, and 0.09 (0.04) accordingly. Mean CSF Aß 1-42, tTau, pTau (181), and pTau/Aß 1-42 in the non-cases with SMC without dementia were 499.75 (93.44) pg/mL, 137.25 (62.74) pg/mL, 31.75 (17.48) pg/mL, and 0.06 (0.02). There is significant difference (P < 0.05) among the 3 groups in CSF Aß 1-42 and pTau/Aß 1-42. We propose mean + 1.5 SD of CSF Aß 1-42 in AD group (331.57 pg/mL) to be the cut-off point in Thai subjects. Conclusion. There are significant different in CSF Aß 1-42 and CSF p-tau/Aß 1-42 among those with AD, non-AD dementia and non cases with SMC without dementia in Thai cohort. Cut-off point of CSF Aß 1-42 of 331.57 pg/mL is suggested in Thai study.
RESUMEN
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This study was aimed at the elucidation of the pathogenesis of glucotoxicity, i.e. the mechanism whereby hyperglycaemia damages pancreatic beta cells. The identification of pathways in the process may help identify targets for beta cell-protective therapy. Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple hyperglycaemia-induced genes, is produced in abundance in pancreatic beta cells. We hypothesise that ChREBP plays a pivotal role in mediating beta cell glucotoxicity. METHODS: We assessed the role of ChREBP in glucotoxicity in 832/13 beta cells, isolated mouse islets and human pancreas tissue sections using multiple complementary approaches under control and high-glucose-challenge conditions as well as in adeno-associated virus-induced beta cell-specific overexpression of Chrebp (also known as Mlxipl) in mice. RESULTS: Under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, ChREBP activates downstream target genes, including fatty acid synthase and thioredoxin-interacting protein, leading to lipid accumulation, increased oxidative stress, reduced insulin gene transcription/secretion and enhanced caspase activity and apoptosis, processes that collectively define glucotoxicity. Immunoreactive ChREBP is enriched in the nucleuses of beta cells in pancreatic tissue sections from diabetic individuals compared with non-diabetic individuals. Finally, we demonstrate that induced beta cell-specific Chrebp overexpression is sufficient to phenocopy the glucotoxicity manifestations of hyperglycaemia in mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These data indicate that ChREBP is a key transcription factor that mediates many of the hyperglycaemia-induced activations in a gene expression programme that underlies beta cell glucotoxicity at the molecular, cellular and whole animal levels.
Asunto(s)
Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/genética , Factores de Transcripción Básicos con Cremalleras de Leucinas y Motivos Hélice-Asa-Hélice , Línea Celular , Glucosa/farmacología , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Humanos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Islotes Pancreáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Captura por Microdisección con Láser , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Rationale Traditional Chinese Medications(TCM) have been reported to have beneficial effects in stroke patients, but were not rigorously evaluated by GCP standards. Aim This study tests the hypothesis that Neuroaid, a TCM widely used in China post-stroke, is superior to placebo in reducing neurological deficit and improving functional outcome in patients with acute cerebral infarction of an intermediate severity. Design This is a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Neuroaid in ischemic stroke patients with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) 6-14 treated within 48 h of stroke onset. Neuroaid or placebo is taken (4 capsules) 3 times daily for 3 months. Treatments are assigned using block randomization, stratified for centers, via a central web-randomization system. With a power of 90% and two-sided test of 5% type I error, a sample size is 874. Allowing for a drop-out rate of up to 20%, 1100 individuals should be enrolled in this study. Study Outcomes The primary efficacy endpoint is the modified Rankin Scale(mRS) grades at 3 months. Secondary efficacy endpoints are the NIHSS score at 3 months; difference of NIHSS scores between baseline and 10 days, and between baseline and 3 months; difference of NIHSS sub-scores between baseline and 10 days, and between baseline and 3 months; mRS at 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months; Barthel index at 3 months; Mini Mental State Examination at 10 days and 3 months. Safety outcomes include complete blood count, renal and liver panels, and electrocardiogram. STUDY REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00554723.
Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Proyectos de Investigación , Accidente Cerebrovascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Método Doble Ciego , HumanosAsunto(s)
Neurología/tendencias , Congresos como Asunto/tendencias , Países en Desarrollo/historia , Países en Desarrollo/estadística & datos numéricos , Educación Médica/historia , Salud Global , Política de Salud/historia , Política de Salud/tendencias , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Intercambio Educacional Internacional/historia , Tamizaje Masivo/historia , Tamizaje Masivo/tendencias , Neurología/historia , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/economía , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/tendencias , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Tailandia/epidemiología , Tailandia/etnologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate an efficacy of galantamine in treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Thai elderly who suffered from possible Alzheimer's disease (AD) with or without cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia. METHODS: A 6-month, multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled trial was undertaken in 75 patients. Eligible patients received an initial galantamine dose of 8 mg/dayand escalated over 5 to 8 weeks to maintenance doses of 16 or 24 mg/day. The behavioral response was assessed as an intention-to-treat analysis using the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD). RESULTS: Galantamine improved behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (P < .05 vs baseline) over the 24 weeks of treatment. BEHAVE-AD score was significantly improved from baseline in paranoid and delusion ideation, diurnal rhythm disturbances, anxieties, and phobias. CONCLUSIONS: Galantamine may be a well-tolerated and effective treatment option for improving psychotic, behavioral, and psychological symptoms in Thai elderly with possible AD with or without cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Demencia/tratamiento farmacológico , Galantamina/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/psicología , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Ansiedad/psicología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/psicología , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/uso terapéutico , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Cognición/fisiología , Comorbilidad , Deluciones/tratamiento farmacológico , Deluciones/psicología , Demencia Vascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Demencia Vascular/epidemiología , Demencia Vascular/psicología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Galantamina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Fóbicos/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Fóbicos/psicología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/estadística & datos numéricos , Tailandia/epidemiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The objective is to evaluate the efficacy of galantamine when a slow titration regimen is employed in Thai Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with or without cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia (VaD). A 6-month, multicentre, open-label, uncontrolled trial was undertaken in 75 AD patients. Eligible patients received an initial galantamine dose of 8 mg/day and escalated over 5-8 weeks to maintenance doses of 16 or 24 mg/day. Primary efficacy measures were AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and the Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change-Plus version (CIBIC-plus). The Behavioural Pathology in AD Rating Scale (BEHAVE AD), the AD Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were the secondary efficacy variables. Analyses were based on the intent-to-treat population. Treatment with galantamine showed significant improvement in cognition on the ADAS-cog and CIBIC-plus at month 6. Galantamine showed favourable effects on activities of daily living. Behavioural symptoms and sleep quality were also significantly improved (p < 0.05). Galantamine was well tolerated. The adverse events were mild-to-moderate intensity. The most frequent adverse events commonly reported were nausea (16.4%), dizziness (9.6%) and vomiting (6.8%). The results of this study may be consistent with galantamine being an effective and safe treatment for mild-to-moderate AD patients with or without cerebrovascular disease and VaD. Flexible dose escalation of galantamine was well tolerated. The daily maintenance dose of galantamine was 16 mg/day, followed by a back up dose of 24 mg/day.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Galantamina/administración & dosificación , Nootrópicos/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/complicaciones , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/complicaciones , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/administración & dosificación , Demencia Vascular/complicaciones , Demencia Vascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate an association between endogenous estradiol (E(2)) levels and cognition and behavior in elderly individuals. PATIENTS: We studied 135 community-based men and women aged 52 to 85 years in urban Bangkok, Thailand; 72 had dementia and 63 did not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dementia was diagnosed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria after appropriate investigations. Blood samples for assay were collected in the morning after 6 hours of fasting. Levels of E(2) were measured by radioimmunoassay (double antibody technique). The Thai version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognition; the Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to assess neuropsychiatric symptoms; and the Functional Assessment Questionnaire was used to assess instrumental activities of daily living. RESULTS: There was no correlation between age and level of E(2) in either men or women. Individuals with lower estrogen levels had more behavioral disturbances (men: r = -0.467, n = 45; P =.001; women: r = -0.384, n = 90; P<.001) and worse cognition (men: r = 0.316, n = 45; P =.03; women: r = 0.243, n = 90; P =.02) and function (men: r = -0.417, n = 45; P =.004; women: r = -0.437, n = 90; P<.001). The threshold level of endogenous E(2) in elderly individuals for the risk of developing dementia was less than 15 pg/mL (<55 pmol/L) in men and less than 1 pg/mL (<4 pmol/L) in women. CONCLUSION: Lower E(2) levels are correlated with poor cognitive, behavioral, and functional status in older individuals.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/sangre , Envejecimiento/psicología , Cognición , Estradiol/sangre , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Demencia/sangre , Demencia/etiología , Demencia/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore an alternative method of screening for dementia in Thai elderly people who have a low educational level. The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the elderly (IQCODE) is used as the screening test. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A community based population of elderly subjects in Bangkok including 87 normal subjects and 73 demented elderly people were studied. Their ages ranged from 52 to 85 years old. The majority of the elderly people had had four years or less of primary-education. Dementia was diagnosed independently by DSM IV criteria. A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), a short form, was administered to informants of the elderly by trained medical personnel. The Thai Mini Mental State Examination (TMSE) was also administered to these subjects and compared with the IQCODE. SPSS 9.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The IQCODE showed a negative correlation with the TMSE (n=160, r=-0.679, p<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the IQCODE was larger than that of TMSE (0.928 vs 0.814). On logistic regression analysis, there were only three questions that contributed to the diagnosis that showed statistical significance. These questions are remembering what day and month it is, learning how to use a new gadget and handling other everyday arithmetic problems. Applying the new formula (z-score), these three questions showed a sensitivity of 84.90 per cent, and a specificity of 92 per cent for the diagnosis of dementia. CONCLUSION: Informants' perceptions of cognitive impairment of the elderly can be reliably applied as a screening instrument for dementia in the Thai population with a variety of educational levels. A short form of the IQCODE using selected questions can be administered with good diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Demencia/diagnóstico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Escolaridad , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Psicometría , Curva ROC , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Headache is one of the most common medical symptoms and tension - type headache is the most common form. Pericranial muscles have been invoked as a source of nociception among patients with tension - type headache. This study was performed to determine surface electromyography (EMG) as representative of the electrical activity of pericranial muscles in tension - type headache and normal subjects during rest and mental calculation. Surface EMG recordings were performed in 20 normal subjects (age 33.9 +/- 8.9 years) and 20 tension-type headache patients (34.5 +/- 9.4 years) using electroencephalograph during the initial rest period for 5 minutes, during mental calculation for 2 minutes and 3 minutes of the rest period. Surface EMG was scored as discharge score (DS) at the third, sixth and ninth minute. The DS at each minute studied showed that the headache group had higher electrical activity than the normal group and increased EMG activity during mental stress was found in the headache group.
Asunto(s)
Cefalea de Tipo Tensional/fisiopatología , Adulto , Electromiografía , Músculos Faciales/fisiología , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To survey the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly and to estimate the prevalence of dementia in the community dwelling Thai population. To assess the psychometric property of Thai Mental State Examination (TMSE). MATERIAL AND METHOD: We conducted a countrywide survey of 3,177 Thai elderly who were 60 years old and over from 1995 to 1997. Medical history and ability to carry out daily activities were taken by trained medical personnel. Thai Mental State Examination (TMSE) was used for cognitive study. Every elderly person involved in this study was examined by either an internist or a neurologist. Blood was taken for haematological and biochemical analysis. SPSS 6.0 was the main statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Three thousand one hundred and seventy seven elderly people were enrolled in this study, thirty eight point eight per cent were male and sixty one point two per cent were female. There was correlation between age, education and TMSE (r=-0.345, r=0.473, p<0.001). We found no correlation between TMSE, mean arterial blood pressure (BP), systolic BP, diastolic BP, haematocrit, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood sugar and syphilitic serology. Multiple cut off points of TMSE was proposed to utilise the twenty fifth percentile in each five yearly age interval. Those who were under the 25th percentile of TMSE and had impaired daily activities were diagnosed as dementia. The prevalence of dementia was 9.88 percentiles in our study. CONCLUSION: Dementia is a common problem in the Thai elderly. As treatment has become available for several etiologies of dementia, early detection and assessment of dementia with a cognitive screening test are essential. Public education to distinguish between dementia and old age needs to be emphasised.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/epidemiología , Demencia/epidemiología , Evaluación Geriátrica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tailandia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of physical and biochemical risk factors for dementia and cognitive status in an urban population based Thai elderly. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was part of an integrated health research project from 1997 to 1999. Subjects were 550 elders who lived in a community within 10 km from Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. They were 55 years and older. Thai mental state examination (TMSE) was applied to all subjects as the screening test for dementia. Those who scored less than or equal to 24 out of 30 were categorised as having cognitive impairment or suspected of having dementia, and they were then examined in detail for the diagnosis of dementia using the DSM IV criteria. Blood pressure and body weight were recorded. Blood was drawn for biochemical and haematological analysis including the serology for syphilis and thyroid function test as the basic screening investigation for dementia. Descriptive data, expressed as the mean, standard deviation, Pearson Chi square and ANOVA tests were analysed with SPSS 9.0 in the study. RESULTS: Of 550 subjects, 261 (47.45%) were classified as the normal subjects group, 49 (8.91%) as the cognitively impaired group, and 240 (43.82%) as the dementia group. 377 subjects (68.55%) were female and the distribution of females in each subgroup ranged from 63.3-75.5 per cent. The mean age in the normal group was 67.47 +/- 6.05 years, the cognitively impaired group was 70.14 years and the dementia group was 69.63 +/- 9.21 years. Systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, serum cholesterol, SGOT, GGT, serum albumin, haemoglobin, MCHC, neutrophil counts and weight were statistically significant factors that were associated with cognitive status. Both systolic and diastolic BP were high in the higher cognitive status group. Serum albumin, serum cholesterol levels and body weight were also higher in the high cognitive status group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated an association between nutritional status and cognitive status in Thai elderly. Poorer nutritional factor in lower cognitive function individuals might explain a lower of both systolic and diastolic BP in the dementia subjects compared to the healthy subjects.
Asunto(s)
Demencia/etiología , Estado Nutricional , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis de Varianza , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Demencia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Tailandia/epidemiología , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The association between ApoE E4 and dementia is reported in Alzheimer's disease and other dementia such as in multi-infarct dementia. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between apolipoprotein E genotype (ApoE) and dementia in Thai elderly and patients to examine the alleles frequencies of ApoE in a Thai population. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Seventy-eight cases and ninety-four controls from a community based population were recruited. Their ages were all over 50 years. Dementia was diagnosed by DSM IV criteria. Blood was taken and stored for DNA extraction and for restriction enzyme analysis of ApoE genotype. Descriptive analysis and odds ratios from SPSS 9.0 program were used in this study. RESULTS: Alleles frequencies of ApoE E2, E, E4 in normal controls were 0.03, 0.80, 0.17 and alleles frequencies of ApoE E3, E4 in dementia subjects were 0.71 and 0.29, respectively. Odds ratios for dementia risk of apolipoprotein genes were as follows: 0.62 for ApoE E3 and 1.98 for ApoE E4. In this study, forty-two dementia subjects had Alzheimer's disease. Fifty nine point five per cent of Alzheimer's disease subjects carried ApoE E4 (positive predictive value is 0.60). CONCLUSION: Thai elderly carry ApoE genotype distribution similar to that reported in other ethnic groups. Bearing ApoE E4 gene increases the risk of developing dementia. The use of ApoE genotyping can only be a diagnostic adjunct for Alzheimer's disease.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/genética , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Demencia/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Genotipo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , TailandiaRESUMEN
The author reports the first ever documented publication in the world concerning the use of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection for status migrainosus. A 58-year old man had been suffering from migraine without aura for 20 years. This last attack (a very severe throbbing headache) started over the left side of his head and he had tried several medications (paracetamol, aspirin, ergotamine, mefenamic acid, and diazepam) during the attack to no vail. Physical examination revealed an acutely ill patient with an agonizing pain condition. General and neurological examinations were normal. BTX-A solution was then injected into the Fung Chou point (classical Chinese acupuncture point for migraine) in the total amount of 25 international unit. Dramatic response was observed within 1 hour of injection and status migrainosus was abort within 10 hours. He was headache-free and had no further attack of migraine for another 2 months.
Asunto(s)
Puntos de Acupuntura , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapéutico , Trastornos Migrañosos/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Inyecciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Migrañosos/clasificación , Trastornos Migrañosos/diagnóstico , Dimensión del Dolor , Tailandia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Hypomagnesemia or magnesium (Mg) deficiency has been hypothesized to play a role in coronary artery disease (CAD). The authors aimed to evaluate serum Mg concentration in 100 CAD patients compared with 100 healthy controls. Mean values of serum Mg level in CAD and the control group were 2.14 +/- 0.39, 2.24 +/- 0.3 mg/dL respectively (P=0.052). The prevalence of Mg deficiency was 12 per cent in the CAD patients, and 5 per cent in the control group (odds ratio=2.59, 95% confident interval = 0.88-7.65, P=0.063). There was no significant difference in the serum Mg level between the 2 groups, although it tended to be lower in CAD patients. The prevalence of Mg deficiency did not differ significantly between the study group, however, it tended to be higher in CAD patients. These findings demonstrated that CAD patients may be associated with Mg deficiency, and contribute to the pathogenesis of CAD or acute thrombosis. Following this evidence, Mg treatment may be necessary in CAD patients with Mg deficiency or acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/sangre , Magnesio/sangre , Anciano , Enfermedad Coronaria/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Deficiencia de Magnesio/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , TailandiaRESUMEN
Several recent reports including serological, pathological and animal studies have associated Chlamydia pneumoniae with coronary artery disease (CAD). In order to establish whether chronic C. pneumoniae infection is linked to coronary artery disease, clinical intervention trials may be needed. However, to detect eligible patients with persistent infection, a reliable diagnostic marker must be developed for identifying cases and assessing efficacy of antichlamydial therapy. Moreover, the prevalence of circulating C. pneumoniae DNA in CAD patients varied widely from previous reports. A real-time PCR has been established by using HL-1 and HR-1 primer to amplify 437 base pairs product. Confirmation of the product was performed on LightCycler by melting curve analysis of detection probes labeled with LC-Red705. Ninety-five angiographically confirmed CAD patients and 104 normal, healthy volunteers were recruited. The mononuclear cell layer was separated from collected blood and rapid, single step real-time PCR was used to detect C. pneumoniae DNA. C. pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was found in 17 per cent of 95 CAD patients and 1 per cent of 104 normal healthy volunteers (odds ratio 20.86, 95% confidence interval 2.71 - 160.67, p < 0.0001). There was no association between C. pneumoniae DNA in PBMC and serological status. The rapid, real-time PCR showed a clear-cut result between positive and negative cases. PBMC-based real-time PCR may be a useful tool for identifying subjects carrying C. pneumoniae in the circulation or in the vascular wall as well. It will be a specific indicator of current infection and will be used as a marker for assessing the microbiological efficacy of antichlamydial therapy in clinical intervention trials.
Asunto(s)
Chlamydophila pneumoniae/genética , Enfermedad Coronaria/microbiología , ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Leucocitos Mononucleares/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
A total of 87 patients (17 female, 70 male) were admitted to SIRIRAJ HOSPITAL, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY, BANGKOK, THAILAND, from JANUARY 1996 TO DECEMBER 1997, with a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis and underlying AIDS. The age range was 14: 70 years, mean 32.1. Six females (35%) and thirty-one males (44%) died, while the others were discharged home after clinical improvement. The mean duration of admission of those who died was 14.5 days, which was shorter than that of the patients who survived (25.7 days). Cerebral cryptococcosis was diagnosed using culture (100%), India ink preparation (91%), latex agglutination test (100%), and polymerase chain reaction (86%). Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of Cryptococcus neoformans revealed 99% serotype A and 1% serotype B. The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole and itraconazole against 87 isolates of C neoformans were 0.55 microg/ml (0.25-1, SD = 0.22), 9.5 microg/ml (2-20, SD = 4.91), 6.9 microg/ml (1-16, SD = 4.42) and 0.36 microg/ml (0.125-1.0, SD = 0.23), respectively. These findings showed that the cryptococcal infections were sensitive to these antifungal agents.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico , Meningitis Criptocócica/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Cryptococcus neoformans/clasificación , Cryptococcus neoformans/efectos de los fármacos , Dermatoglifia del ADN , ADN de Hongos/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas de Fijación de Látex , Masculino , Meningitis Criptocócica/tratamiento farmacológico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) influences the calcium metabolism. The idea of cardiovascular effects of PTH is not new. Target cells for PTH are cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells. Evidence from previous studies suggest that many patients with heart disease have elevated PTH concentrations. Our objective was to determine PTH status in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We compared intact PTH levels in 109 CAD patients with 103 healthy people by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Mean values of PTH in healthy Thais and CAD patients were 37.4 +/- 17.9 and 40.2 +/- 21.8 respectively. No statistical difference was shown. In addition, we compared PTH levels among various numbers of coronary occlusion and also found no differences. We propose that intact PTH concentrations in CAD patients are not higher than in the healthy population.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/sangre , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Anciano , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , TailandiaRESUMEN
The patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were suffering from dyspnea. Physical activity of these patients was limited. Their lifestyle may be contributory factors for osteoporosis. Recent research has shown that biochemical markers may be used to predict future bone loss and identify individuals at risk for osteoporosis. Our objectives were to estimate reference ranges of bone markers in healthy Thais and to compare bone turnover between 105 healthy people and 118 CAD patients by using biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption. Mean values of bone markers in controls and patients were 22.9 +/- 12.9, 21.6 +/- 16.2 respectively for N-Mid osteocalcin and 0.45 +/- 0.30, 0.47 +/- 0.37 respectively for beta-Crosslaps. There was no statistical difference of N-Mid osteocalcin (p=0.50) and beta-Crosslaps (p=0.64) values between groups. Our data from this study suggested that that CAD patients have no higher risk for osteoporosis than healthy people.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Enfermedad Coronaria/metabolismo , Osteocalcina/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Anciano , Biomarcadores , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteogénesis , TailandiaRESUMEN
We report a 35-year-old man diagnosed as having CNS cryptococcosis with multiple cryptococcomas, presenting with headache, papilloedema and impaired mental function in a previously healthy man. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis with low glucose level. Gram's stain, acid fast bacilli stain and Indian ink examination were all negative. CSF cryptococcal antigen was positive, however, several fungal cultures were negative. Early cranial CT scan showed focal cerebritis over the right temporal lobe while subsequent imaging studies showed multiple contrast-enhancing masses with severe surrounding brain oedema over bilateral frontoparietal areas. Brain biopsy showed cryptococcal granulomatous lesions. Treatment was successful with antifungal agents and steroids without surgical removal.