Ten years experience of treating aorto-femoral bypass graft infection with venous allografts.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyze our results of treating synthetic vascular graft infection in the aorto-femoral segment with venous allografts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During 1997-2006 we treated 11 male patients with venous allografts for aorto-femoral segment prosthetic graft infection. Patients were followed postoperatively with patency assessment based on Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: The mean interval between the implantation of the synthetic vascular graft and the appearance of infection was 43+/-29 months (range 5 months-10 years). Overall primary patency of the venous allograft was 100%, 88% and 66% at 1, 6 and 36 months, respectively. Secondary patency rates of the venous allograft were 94% and 73% after 5 and 8 years, respectively. Overall survival rate was 100%, 64%, 46% and 27% after one month, 3, 5 and 8 years, respectively. Limb salvage rate was 100%, 94% and 73% after 1 month, 5 and 8 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of in situ venous allograft for the treatment of synthetic graft infection in the aorto-femoral segment has led to favourable short- and long-term results.

Arterial elasticity is associated with endothelial vasodilatory function and asymmetric dimethylarginine level in healthy subjects.

Arterial stiffening may be linked to the reduced bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) and increased plasma concentrations of the endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). The aim of this study was to investigate whether large (C1) and small artery (C2) elasticity is associated with endothelial function index (EFI) and plasma concentration of ADMA. We included 63 healthy subjects, aged 19 to 70 years, in the study. EFI, C1 and C2 were assessed by pulse wave analysis (PWA) and ADMA level was measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Linear regression analysis revealed significant positive correlation between EFI and both C1 and C2 (R = 0.29, p = 0.02; R = 0.38, p = 0.002, respectively). A significant inverse association occurred between ADMA and C1 as well as C2 (R = -0.32, p = 0.03; R = -0.37, p = 0.009, respectively). In multiple regression analysis, C2 was determined by EFI, ADMA, age and BMI, and C1 was correlated with EFI, age and BMI. These findings suggest that endothelial vasodilatory dysfunction and accumulation of ADMA may be important mechanisms underlying reduced arterial elasticity in healthy subjects.

An antioxidant tetrapeptide UPF1 in rats has a neuroprotective effect in transient global brain ischemia.

Different glutathione analogues have potential to maintain or increase tissue glutathione level and to scavenge the reactive oxygen species. We designed and synthesized a novel non-toxic glutathione analogue, named UPF1, which possessed 60-fold higher hydroxyl radical scavenger efficiency in vitro, compared with glutathione itself, and investigated the effects of UPF1 on a four-vessel occlusion model of rats. The UPF1 was administered via the jugular vein in two separate experiments at two time points: 20 min before global brain ischemia and immediately before reperfusion. In both cases the number of pyramidal cells surviving in the subfield of CA1 at the dorsal hippocampus in the UPF1-treated groups of rats was twice as high as in the vehicle group.

High-sensitive C-reactive protein level and oxidative stress-related status in former athletes in relation to traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze systemic and cellular oxidative stress-related indices as well as C-reactive protein level in former top-level athletes in relation to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 53 former male athletes and 25 sedentary controls (age range: 39-59 years). We measured anthropometric factors (BMI, fat percentage, WHR), resting blood pressure (SBP, DBP), serum cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidized LDL-C (oxLDL), diene conjugates (DC), glutathione redox status, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and leisure-time physical activity. RESULTS: Physically active former athletes had significantly lower mean overweight (BMI, fat percentage, WHR), better spectrum of atherogenesis indicators (CHOL, HDL-C, TG, TG:HDL-C ratio) and lower oxidative stress (oxLDL, oxLDL:LDL-C ratio, DC) values than sedentary ex-athletes. No significant differences in these variables were found between the sedentary ex-athletes and control group. Significant associations were found between physical activity (METs), SBP, DBP, hypertension, CHOL, HDL-C, TG, TG:HDL-C ratio, oxLDL, oxLDL:LDL-C ratio, DC and hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS: A physically active lifestyle is related to a lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile including a substantially lower systemic and cellular oxidative stress status as well as C-reactive protein level in middle-aged men.

Primary aortoduodenal fistula: successful grafting with axillo-bifemoral bypass.

Primary aortoduodenal fistula (PADF) is uncommon direct pathological communication between the abdominal aorta and duodenum, which may cause life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. PADF leads to high mortality and morbidity unless it is promptly evaluated and appropriate surgical intervention performed. We present a case report describing PADF treated successfully with axillobifemoral bypass. A 70-year-old male was admitted in our hospital with severe back and abdominal pain. A pulsative tumor mass was palpated in the middle abdomen. Previous ultrasonography had shown abdominal aortic aneurysm. There were no symptoms of active gastrointestinal bleeding, but the patient had moderate anaemia. Computer tomography revealed infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Intraoperatively, PADF was diagnosed. The duodenum was repaired and the abdominal aorta was closed directly below the renal arteries. At the next stage, extra-anatomic grafting was performed, because frank pus was found in the abdominal cavity. By present time, the axillobifemoral bypass has been patent for 2 years.

Is elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair accompanied by high grade oxidative stress?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: During elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (AAAR), lower torso ischaemia-reperfusion event is unavoidable. Previous studies on AAAR have reported the importance of oxidative stress (OS) in ischaemia-reperfusion injury, however, the grade of OS has not been adequately clarified up to now. The aim of this study was to perform a complex investigation of the time-course and grade of systemic and cellular OS in patients undergoing AAAR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Arterial blood samples were taken from 18 patients undergoing elective AAAR (at four points in time: before anaesthesia, 5 min after aortic clamping and 5 min and 30 min after clamp removal). Diene conjugates (DC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), glutathione redox ratio (GSSG/GSH), and levels of antioxidative enzymes as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were measured from the radial arterial blood. RESULTS: 30 min after the removal of the aortic cross-clamp, arterial CAT showed significant elevation (96.0 vs 56.9 U/l, p < 0.05); GSHPx was significantly elevated (51.5 vs 39.9 U/g Hgb, p < 0.05) and TAC was decreased (31.4 vs 36.5%, p < 0.05) in comparison with preoperative value. CONCLUSIONS: We found limited alterations of several OS parameters, which do not characterize either systemic or cellular high-grade OS during elective AAAR.

Venous allografts for infrainguinal vascular bypass.

Between 1978 and 1993, 107 patients received venous allografts for infrainguinal revascularization because autogenous material was unavailable. These operations comprised 7.4% of 1442 reversed vein bypass procedures performed during the same period. Alloveins were harvested during varicose vein stripping and stored up to 10 days in saline solution containing heparin and antibiotics. Veins with or without minimal degenerative changes were used and when necessary segments were sutured end-to-end to obtain a convenient length. The patients comprised 95 men and 12 women of age range 44-87 years. All operations were performed for limb salvage (rest pain and gangrene); 40 femoropopliteal and 67 femorocrural bypasses were performed; 66 were primary reconstructions and 41 secondary reconstructions. The operative mortality rate was 3.7%. Early thrombosis occurred in 18 patients (16.8%), nine of whom were successfully reoperated upon. The cumulative patency rates for all bypass operations was 82.9%, 38.7% and 21.3% at 30 days, 3 and 5 years, respectively, the limb salvage rates being 84.8%, 48.0% and 29.2%, respectively. Allografts may have a place in lower-limb bypass surgery in the absence of veins, polytetrafluoroethylene or human umbilical vein.

[Sugiura's operation in the treatment of hemorrhage from esophageal varicose veins]. / Operatsiia Sugiura pri lechenii krovotechenii iz varikozno-rasshirennykh ven pishchevoda.

The authors have performed Sugiura's operation since 1979 in 17 patients in bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus. The patient's ages ranged from 14 to 69 years. Portal hypertension was caused by hepatic cirrhosis in 14 and extrahepatic blockade in 3 patients. Emergency operations were carried out in 12 and planned interventions on 5 patients. The 3 patients with extrahepatic blockade and 7 patients with Groups A and B hepatic cirrhosis (according to Child's classification) recovered. Among 7 patients with group C 4 died (total mortality, 24%). Recurrent bleeding was not encountered in long-term postoperative follow-up periods of up to 10 years.