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Recent research in computational imaging largely focuses on developing machine learning (ML) techniques for image recognition in the medical field, which requires large-scale and high-quality training datasets consisting of raw images and annotated images. However, suitable experimental datasets for cervical spine X-ray are scarce. We fill the gap by providing an open-access Cervical Spine X-ray Atlas (CSXA), which includes 4963 raw PNG images and 4963 annotated images with JSON format (JavaScript Object Notation). Every image in the CSXA is enriched with gender, age, pixel equivalent, asymptomatic and symptomatic classifications, cervical curvature categorization and 118 quantitative parameters. Subsequently, an efficient algorithm has developed to transform 23 keypoints in images into 77 quantitative parameters for cervical spine disease diagnosis and treatment. The algorithm's development is intended to assist future researchers in repurposing annotated images for the advancement of machine learning techniques across various image recognition tasks. The CSXA and algorithm are open-access with the intention of aiding the research communities in experiment replication and advancing the field of medical imaging in cervical spine.
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Algoritmos , Vértebras Cervicales , Aprendizaje Automático , Humanos , Vértebras Cervicales/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Postoperative rehabilitation programs consisting of exercise training are considered effective for unselected lung cancer patients. However, whether postoperative exercise is beneficial to lung cancer patients comorbid with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains unknown. METHODS: Eighty-four patients diagnosed with both lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomized into the exercise group and control group. Both groups were given standard postoperative rehabilitation for 1 week. After that, oxygen therapy (if needed) and nebulization were given to the control group, while patients in the exercise group started to participate in exercise programs on the basis of receiving oxygen therapy and nebulization as in the control group. The exercise programs consisted of 24 training sessions. RESULTS: In both groups, the functional status and the results of the pulmonary function test decreased from baseline to the endpoint. However, after surgery and the intervention program, both the maximal oxygen consumption in the cardiopulmonary exercise test and walking distance in the 6-minute walk test in the exercise group were significantly better than those in the control group [15.5 (±1.4) mL/kg/min vs 13.1 (±1.3) mL/kg/min, P = 0.016; 437.4 (±48.6) m vs 381.7 (±40.5) m, P = 0.040]. Force vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second in the exercise group were better than those in the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant [1798.1 (±298.9) mL vs 1664.0 (±329.7) mL, P = 0.254; 1155.7 (±174.3) mL vs 967.4 (±219.4) mL, P = 0.497]. The decline in the standard score of the QLQ-C30 (V3.0) was smaller in the exercise group, but the difference did not meet a statistically significant level [61.7 (±5.7) vs 58.4 (±9.3), P = 0.318]. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that a short-term postoperative exercise training program can facilitate the recovery of functional capacity in lung cancer patients with comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Ejercicio Físico , Oxígeno , Tolerancia al Ejercicio , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodosRESUMEN
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is associated with previous asbestos exposure, while more clinical insights into this disease have come from other case studies. Maximal cytoreduction is critical in disease control and might help to improve the prognosis. Here, a 41-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of a mass detected in the chest wall following resection of a right pleural mesothelioma 2 years previously. A fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan showed a right chest wall mass with a blurred boundary 8.9 cm × 3.7 cm in size. The patient had received one cycle of bevacizumab, carboplatin, and pemetrexed, and two cycles of nivolumab, ipilimumab, and gemcitabine 5 months before admission. We subsequently resected the tumor, the involved diaphragm, and the fifth and sixth ribs, and titanium mesh and continuous suture were used to close the thoracic cage. The fixed paraffin-embedded tissues showed epithelioid pleural mesothelioma. The patient received nivolumab and ipilimumab postoperatively, and no recurrence was detected 16 months after surgery. En bloc resection with reconstructive surgery effectively removed the locally advanced malignancy and restored the biological function of the thorax with a favorable prognosis. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy might therefore be conducive to radical resection and perioperative immunotherapy might improve the prognosis.
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Mesotelioma Maligno , Mesotelioma , Neoplasias Pleurales , Pared Torácica , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Mesotelioma Maligno/patología , Pared Torácica/cirugía , Pared Torácica/patología , Nivolumab , Ipilimumab , Mesotelioma/cirugía , Mesotelioma/patología , Neoplasias Pleurales/cirugía , Neoplasias Pleurales/patología , InmunoterapiaRESUMEN
Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in China. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main pathological subtype of lung cancer. On April 13, 2023, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the third edition of the 2023 NCCN Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines: Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, which reflects the latest advances in international lung cancer research. This article will interpret the main updated contents of the new edition of the guidelines, and compare it with the third edition of the NCCN guidelines in 2022, so as to provide references about the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC for clinical medical personnel in China.â©.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , China , TóraxRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To investigate the correlation between the preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (pSII) and postoperative pneumonia (POP) in surgical non-small cell lung cancer patients. METHODS: Patients who underwent lung cancer surgery at West China Hospital of Sichuan University were retrospectively included. The indicators were collected, including basic information of patients, surgery-related variables and POP rate. The predictive value of the pSII in the occurrence of POP was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1486 patients (male: 748, 50.3%; female: 738, 49.7%; mean age: 58.2 ± 9.7 years; median age: 59 years old, interquartile range: 51-65 years old) were finally included in the study, of which 142 patients had POP with an incidence of 9.5% (142/1486), 9.2% (69/748) in males, and 9.9% (73/738) in females. The proportion of patients with diabetes in the pneumonia group was significantly higher than that in the nonpneumonia group (9.8%, 14/142 vs. 5.6%, 75/1344, p = 0.041). Compared with the nonpneumonia group, the level of the preoperative body mass index (24.2 [21.9, 26.1] vs. 23.1 [21.1, 25.2], p = 0.003) and SII (487 [350, 673] vs. 345 [230, 500], p < 0.001) in the pneumonia group were significantly higher. Multiple factor analysis showed that the pSII (odds ratio: 1.001, 95% confidence interval: 1.000-1.001, p < 0.001) was an independent risk factor for POP (487 [350, 673] vs. 345 [230, 500], p < 0.001); receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the pSII was effective in predicting POP (area under curve: 0.751, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The pSII is closely related to and can effectively predict the occurrence of POP after lung cancer surgery.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neumonía , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Neumonía/epidemiología , Neumonía/etiología , Inflamación/complicaciones , PronósticoRESUMEN
Background: Despite significant recent advances in characterizing the molecular pathogenesis of undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma (USRCS), rare cases without reported gene alterations remain unclassified. To date, the efficacy and prognostic biomarker of immunotherapy in the treatment of unresectable USRCS has not been demonstrated, especially when these cases occurring in uncommon thoracic visceral organs with a novel gene fusion. Case Description: We report a case of locally advanced and unresectable USRCS of the lung (cT4N1M0) with SDCCAG8-AKT3 fusion identified by RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS). He initially admitted to our hospital chiefly complained of cough and dyspnea without any intervention. Imaging examinations, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), tumor biopsy, and a series of molecular tests based on tumor specimens were conducted for diagnosis. The molecular tests supplied more information delineating the case's molecular characteristics including PMS2 mutation, CD274 amplification, high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H), and high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Multiple immunofluorescence (mIF) staining further revealed a specific immune-microenvironment phenotype with a 100% programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and type II tumor immunity in the microenvironment (type II TIME) of this case. This 31-year-old non-smoking male received vincristine sulfate, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) regimen chemotherapy combined with pembrolizumab and sequential radiotherapy. He had maintained a partial response (PR) according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and a good quality of life for almost 14 months except for mild loss of appetite and hair loss after chemotherapy to the latest follow-up date. Conclusions: Our study showed a rare case of lung USRCS harboring a novel SDCCAG8-AKT3 fusion. And we indicated that a comprehensive treatment including the combination of systemic VAC chemotherapy and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy, and sequential radiotherapy could be considered for similar cases, prophylactic managements of chemotherapy-related myelosuppression and urotoxicity should be administrated along with chemotherapy as well. Tumor immune microenvironment analysis and gene sequencing are recommended to obtain more prognostic biomarkers in addition to routine pathologic examinations in diagnosis and treatment of USRCS.
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A 24-year-old male patient was admitted to our center complaining of dizziness (superior vena cava syndrome [SVCS]), dysphagia and pain in the right chest wall. At the initial diagnosis, the patient had been found to have an irregular shaped 35 × 30 × 27 cm mass in the right side of his chest. On November 12, 2019, this patient received surgery in our center. The right sixth rib and the tumor were completely removed (R0), while preserving all the lung tissue and other organs in the chest. The patient recovered well after surgery, and his right lung was fully expanded.
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Trastornos de Deglución , Sarcoma de Ewing , Síndrome de la Vena Cava Superior , Adulto , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Costillas/patología , Costillas/cirugía , Sarcoma de Ewing/complicaciones , Sarcoma de Ewing/diagnóstico , Sarcoma de Ewing/cirugía , Síndrome de la Vena Cava Superior/diagnóstico , Síndrome de la Vena Cava Superior/etiología , Síndrome de la Vena Cava Superior/cirugía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) affects 45%-63% of lung cancer patients worldwide. Lung cancer patients complicated with COPD have decreased cardiopulmonary function and increased perioperative risk, and their postoperative exercise endurance and lung function are significantly lower than those with conventional lung cancer. Previous studies have shown that postoperative exercise training can improve the exercise endurance of unselected lung cancer patients, but it is unclear whether lung cancer patients with COPD can also benefit from postoperative exercise training. This study intends to explore the effects of postoperative exercise training on exercise endurance, daily activity and lung function of lung cancer patients with COPD. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) complicated with COPD who underwent pneumonectomy in the lung cancer center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from August 5, 2020 to August 25, 2021 were prospectively analyzed. They were randomly divided into exercise group and control group; The patients in the two groups received routine postoperative rehabilitation in the first week after operation, and the control group was given routine nursing from the second week. On this basis, the exercise group received postoperative exercise rehabilitation training for two weeks. Baseline evaluation was performed 3 days before operation and endpoint evaluation was performed 3 weeks after operation. RESULTS: The exercise endurance, daily activity and pulmonary function test results of the two groups decreased from baseline to the end point. However, after the operation and intervention program, the maximum oxygen consumption of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test and the walking distance of 6-Minute Walking Test in the exercise group were significantly better than those in the control group [(13.09±1.46) mL/kg/min vs (11.89±1.38) mL/kg/min, P=0.033; (297±46) m vs (243±43) m, P=0.041]. The average number of we-chat steps in the exercise group was also significantly better than that in the control group (4,381±397 vs 3,478±342, P=0.035). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in the exercise group were better than those in the control group, but the difference did not reach a statistically significant level [(1.76±0.19) L vs (1.60±0.28) L, P=0.084; (1.01±0.17) L vs (0.96±0.21) L, P=0.467]. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative exercise rehabilitation training can improve exercise endurance and daily activity ability of patients with lung cancer complicated with COPD and promote postoperative rehabilitation.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Ejercicio Físico , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/complicacionesRESUMEN
The clinical application of immunotherapy is the milestone of cancer treatment. However, some patients have bad reaction. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently expressed in multiple cancer cells and is associated with poor prognosis. It is the key enzyme of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that has been proved to promote the development, proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Recent studies further find the PGE2 in tumor microenvironment (TME) actively triggers tumor immune evasion via many ways, leading to poor response of immunotherapy. COX-2 inhibitor is suggested to restrain the immunosuppression of PGE2 and may enhance or reverse the response of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This review provides insight into the mechanism of COX-2/PGE2 signal in immunosuppressive TME and summarizes the clinical application and trials in cancer treatment.
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Hemangioma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Erróneo , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Hemangioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagen , Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intrapulmonary lymph nodes (LNs, stations 11-14) are usually omitted in postoperative pathological examination. Some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with intrapulmonary LN metastasis are incorrectly diagnosed as N0 cases. Furthermore, underestimation of intrapulmonary LN involvement in clinically early stage NSCLC may lead to the incorrect choice of surgical procedure: lobectomy or sublobar resection. This study was conducted to determine the status of intrapulmonary LN involvement in clinically staged IA (c-T1N0M0) peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung. METHODS: Seventy-five lobectomy specimens of c-T1N0M0 peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung were carefully dissected to find intrapulmonary LNs. The longest diameter of each intrapulmonary LN was measured and sent for pathological examination, together with hilar and mediastinal LNs, to investigate the relationship between LN metastasis and primary tumor size. RESULTS: Intrapulmonary LN metastasis was detected in 22.7%(17/75) of patients. Positive LNs were detected in 21.7% (10/46) of T1b patients and 45% (11/24) of T1c patients, while no metastasis (0/5) was observed in T1a patients (P = 0.036). The mean longest diameter of the 17 involved intrapulmonary LNs was only 6.5 ± 2.1 mm, which was not significantly different to the size of negative intrapulmonary LNs (5.2 ± 1.4 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Intrapulmonary LN metastasis is common in clinically staged IA peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung. LN metastasis is related to tumor size, and this should be taken into account to determine appropriate surgical procedures and postoperative treatment. Computed tomography is not a reliable method to judge LN metastasis, particularly intrapulmonary LN metastasis.
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Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/secundario , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/secundario , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Imagen Multimodal/métodos , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neumonectomía/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Locally advanced lung cancers involving both right upper lung lobe and superior vena cava (SVC) requiring both lung resection and SVC reconstruction are generally deemed unresectable. However, previous evidence has proved that such patients could benefit from surgery if radical resection is achieved. Generally, a hemi-clamshell approach is adopted to complete such resection. However, it has the limitation of insufficient exposure of posterior mediastinum. Therefore, we introduced a two-step surgical approach combining sternotomy and thoracotomy for such lung cancers. METHODS: A two-step surgical approach combining median sternotomy and subsequent posterolateral thoracotomy, via which radical lobectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy and SVC reconstruction could be successfully achieved, was described. RESULTS: We have performed such surgery via the two-step surgical approach combining median sternotomy and subsequent posterolateral thoracotomy in five patients from January 2017 to March 2018. All those patients achieved radical resection of the lung cancer with lobectomy and systematic lymphadenectomy and SVC reconstruction with artificial blood vessels, and had an uneventful postoperative recovery without any major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial experience proved that this two-step surgical approach combining median sternotomy and subsequent posterolateral thoracotomy was safe and feasible for locally advanced lung cancers requiring both lung resection and SVC reconstruction.
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BACKGROUND: Whether lobe-specific lymph node dissection (L-SLND) could serve as an alternative to systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) in treating early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this comprehensive meta-analysis to compare the effect of L-SLND with that of SLND in treating early-stage NSCLC. METHODS: A systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase was conducted to identify relevant studies up to 30 November 2017. Data including 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates, recurrence rates, and morbidity rate were extracted and analysed. RESULTS: A total of six studies [one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and five retrospective cohort studies] consisting of 2,037 patients with early-stage NSCLC were included for analysis. Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference of 5-year OS [81.7% and 79.5%, respectively; risk ratio (RR) =1.021; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.977-1.068; P=0.352] and DFS (76.4% and 69.9%, respectively; RR =1.061; 95% CI, 0.999-1.128; P=0.054) between patients treated with L-SLND and those with SLND. Moreover, there was also no significant difference of total recurrence rates (24.3% and 25.8%, respectively; RR =0.892; 95% CI, 0.759-1.048; P=0.166) and loco-regional recurrence rates (7.9% and 9.3%, respectively; RR =0.851; 95% CI, 0.623-1.162; P=0.310) between patients treated with L-SLND and those with SLND. However, patients treated with L-SLND yielded a significant lower morbidity rate than those treated with SLND (10.2% and 13.5%, respectively; RR =0.681; 95% CI, =0.521-0.888; P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: L-SLND yielded a significantly lower risk of morbidity compared to SLND without compromising long-term oncologic outcomes based on available studies with relatively poor quality. L-SLND may serve as an alternative to SLND in treating early-stage NSCLC. Further well-conducted RCTs, however, are badly needed to confirm and update our conclusions.
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A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was 'Does high body mass index (BMI) have any impact on survival of patients undergoing oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer?' A total of 232 papers were found using the reported search, of which 8 papers represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question, which included 1 meta-analysis and 7 cohort studies. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. One meta-analysis and 4 cohort studies provided the evidence that high BMI was significantly correlated with a better survival of oesophageal cancer patients undergoing oesophagectomy, while the other 3 cohort studies found that high BMI had no impact on the survival of those patients. We conclude that patients with high BMI may have a better prognosis than those with normal BMI undergoing oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Esofagectomía/métodos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidad , Salud Global , Humanos , Tasa de SupervivenciaAsunto(s)
Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias del Mediastino/cirugía , Osteosarcoma/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Neoplasias Vasculares/patología , Vena Cava Superior/cirugía , Biopsia , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnóstico , Mediastino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Osteosarcoma/diagnóstico , Neumonectomía/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Vena Cava Superior/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This article describes a pilot study evaluating a novel liquid biopsy system for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) method utilizes an electrochemical biosensor for detecting oncogenic mutations in biofluids. METHODS: Saliva and plasma of 17 patients were collected from three cancer centers prior to and after surgical resection. The EFIRM method was then applied to the collected samples to assay for exon 19 deletion and p.L858 mutations. EFIRM results were compared with cobas results of exon 19 deletion and p.L858 mutation detection in cancer tissues. RESULTS: The EFIRM method was found to detect exon 19 deletion with an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.0 in both saliva and plasma samples in lung cancer patients. For L858R mutation detection, the AUC of saliva was 1.0, while the AUC of plasma was 0.98. Strong correlations were also found between presurgery and post-surgery samples for both saliva (0.86 for exon 19 and 0.98 for L858R) and plasma (0.73 for exon 19 and 0.94 for L858R). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing EFIRM to rapidly, non-invasively, and conveniently detect epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in the saliva of patients with NSCLC, with results corresponding perfectly with the results of cobas tissue genotyping.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy and clinical value of combining 64 multi-slice spiral computer tomography (MSCT) and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer. METHODS: Prospectively enrolled patients with rectal cancer from October 2007 to October 2008. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: MSCT and SAA combined group: both MSCT and SAA combinative assessment were performed for preoperative evaluation; MSCT group: only MSCT was performed preoperatively for tumor staging. The accuracy of the preoperative T, N, M, and TNM staging and the concordance rate of predictive operative strategy were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Total of 225 cases with rectal cancer were enrolled in this study. There were 110 cases in MSCT and SAA combined group and 115 cases in MSCT group. The baseline characteristics was comparable between the two groups. For MSCT and SAA combined group, the accuracies of preoperative staging of T, N, M and TNM was 87.3%, 85.2%, 100% and 86.4%, respectively; and for MSCT group, the corresponding rates was 85.2%, 67.0%, 100% and 66.1%, respectively. Statistical differences was found in the accuracy of preoperative N and TNM staging between the two groups (P = 0.009 and 0.001, respectively). In addition, there was statistical difference in the accuracy of prediction to operative procedures between the two groups (94.7% vs. 81.7%, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Combinative assessment of MSCT and SAA could improve the accuracy of preoperative staging, and thus provide higher predictive coincidence rate of operative procedures.