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INTRODUCTION: One of the major global risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and death is hypertension. Earlier research has been conducted on the connection between calcium consumption and blood pressure. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the association between calcium serum levels and hypertension in older hypertensive adults. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 121 of hypertension patients was conducted in Prince Faisal Bin Khalid Cardiac Center. The data of all patients were collected by records, including lab, pathology, and medical review, in order to determine the effects on patients, providers, and institutions. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics version 26.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study included 121 adult hypertensive patients with a mean of age 60.29 ± 13.92. The majority of included patients were male (81%). More than one-third of patients were obese (39.7%), about one-third (33.9%) were overweight, and 26.4% of patients were in normal weight. The majority of patients had co-morbidities (68.3%); about one-half of them had diabetes mellitus (52.1%). The calcium level mean was 5.07 ± 1.26. The creatine kinase (CK) (initial day) mean ± SD was 813.22 ± 1146.37 became 221.4 ± 330.67 on the last day. The CK-myocardial band (CK-MB) (initial day) was 65.43 ± 118.9 and became 24.38 ± 23.26 on the last day. Additionally, the troponin (initial day) mean was 23.49 ± 104.26 and became 1.65 ± 2.66 on the last day. The most common discharge medications were anti-platelets (95%), beta-blockers (78.5%), statins (70.2%), and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) (64.5%). The hospital stay days ranged from 1 to 20 days with a mean of 4.83 ± 3.38. The ICU stay days ranged from 1 to 15 days with a mean of 3.57 ± 2.72. Most of the patients (90.9%) improved. CONCLUSION: There is no significant correlation between calcium levels in hypertensive patients and the demographic characteristics of patients, home or current medications, ECHO findings, or procedures done. However, there is a significant correlation between the calcium level and CK level among patients with hypertension. Further investigations are required to verify the relationship between CK and calcium levels in hypertensive patients.
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Background Magnesium is an essential micronutrient for people and is crucial in maintaining healthy cardiac function. It functions as a cofactor in a number of the body's enzyme systems, and myocardial cells are one of its target tissues. The upkeep of the myocardium's normal functional integrity depends on a lot of things including magnesium ions. Magnesium plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders. Aim This study aims to estimate serum magnesium levels and their correlation with cardiac complications and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Patients with acute myocardial infarction who visited the Prince Faisal Bin Khalid Cardiac Center within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms were the subjects of this study. On the first and fifth days following admission, the level of serum magnesium was assessed. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) was used to analyze the collected data. Results The current study comprised 160 patients with acute myocardial infarction; there were 84 (52.5%) who experienced a low level of serum magnesium on admission. Significantly higher proportions of patients who experienced low magnesium levels had diabetes mellitus (P=0.0072) and a history of diuretics (P=0.03) and were administrated beta-blockers (P=0.01), calcium channel blockers (P=0.04), and statins (P=0.007) after admission. Significantly higher proportions of patients with low serum magnesium experienced atrial fibrillation (P=0.03), angina (P=0.03), and cardiogenic shock (P=0.003). Conclusion Low magnesium levels are associated with poor outcomes in most patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction.
