Polo Científico Productivo de Matanzas: mecanismo de integración de la ciencia y la producción / Productive Scientific Pole of Matanzas: mechanism for integrating science and production

RESUMEN La Unidad de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de la Delegación Territorial del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente en Matanzas, promueve desde el 19 de enero de 2018 la revitalización del Polo Científico Productivo, como forma de procurar un mejor uso a la ciencia matancera e integrar los esfuerzos de los centros de investigación y empresas en pos del desarrollo socioeconómico del territorio. Actualmente, la provincia se encuentra envuelta en un esfuerzo por lograr que cada organismo se responsabilice con la puesta en marcha del Polo Científico Productivo, con la Delegación Territorial del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente como entidad coordinadora. El presente trabajo valora la significación del Polo Científico Productivo en la elevación del impacto de la ciencia y la técnica en la solución de los problemas productivos del territorio matancero (AU).

ABSTRACT The Unit of Science, Technology and Innovation of the Territorial Delegation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment in Matanzas promotes, since January 19 2018, the revival of the Productive Scientific Pole as a form of giving a better use to science done in Matanzas province and integrating the research centers and enterprises efforts in pursuit of the socioeconomic development of the territory. Currently, the province is involved in an effort for ensuring that every organization assumes its responsibility in setting in motion the Productive Scientific Pole with the delegation of the Ministry of Sciences, Technology and Environment as the coordinating entity. This paper is written with the aim of assessing the importance of the Productive Scientific Pole in increasing the impact of science and technique in solving the productive problems of the Matanzas territory. The current paper assesses the importance of the Productive Scientific Pole in increasing the impact of science and technique in solving the productive problems of the Matanzas territory (AU).

Convergent click synthesis of macromolecular dendritic ß-cyclodextrin derivatives as non-conventional drug carriers: Albendazole as guest model.

From a materials science perspective, herein we present the design and synthesis of six macromolecular carbohydrate derivatives, obtained by combining the native cyclic oligosaccharide ßCD and dendritic poly(ester) moieties, coupled by CuAAc click reactions, in a convergent fashion. We envisioned two structural variables to promote the formation of inclusion complexes (ICs) with the anti-parasitic drug Albendazole, the degree of substitution on the ßCD (mono or hepta-substitution) and the dendritic generation (from first to third). In terms of synthetic effort and cost, the mono-substituted ßCD derivatives were obtained in more approachable experimental conditions in comparison to the ßCD dendrimers (hepta-substituted macrocycle). The six dendritic derivatives were more soluble in water and showed better complexation capacity than native ßCD. For both, mono and hepta-substituted ßCD, we observed that the amount of encapsulated ABZ increases when the dendron generation increases. Interestingly, different degrees of substitution (mono and hepta) lead comparable results of ABZ complexation. In conclusion, the encapsulation performance and the consequent solubility enhancement, make these molecular containers excellent materials to positively impact the therapeutic desirability of ABZ.

Auriculoterapia y tratamiento habitual en niños con tartamudez en Municipio Matanzas. Año 2017 / Auriculotherapy and habitual treatment in children with stuttering in the municipality of Matanzas. 2017

RESUMEN Introducción: se realizó un estudio experimental, longitudinal, prospectivo sobre el tratamiento de los niños con tartamudez con el tratamiento habitual y la adición de auriculoterapia en el Centro Auditivo Provincial en Matanzas entre enero y diciembre del 2017. Objetivo: comparar la evolución clínica de los pacientes con el tratamiento habitual y con la adición de auriculoterapia. Materiales y métodos: el universo del estudio fue de 14 pacientes con tartamudez. Según la llegada de los pacientes a consulta los mismos fueron ubicados alternativamente en dos grupos, uno control que se trató con tratamiento habitual y otro experimental, donde se aplicó el tratamiento habitual más la auriculoterapia. Fue elaborada la historia clínica con una evaluación logofoniátrica antes y después del tratamiento. Resultados: el 64,3% de los pacientes correspondió al grupo etáreo de 6-9 años, predominó el sexo masculino con 57,1 % y raza blanca con 64,3%. Los síntomas y signos más frecuente antes del tratamiento fueron la conciencia de sus dificultades en el 100 % de los pacientes y la ansiedad en 92,8%. Después del tratamiento en el grupo experimental hubo mayor disminución de la ansiedad con 28,6% y el 71,4% de este grupo consideró su evolución satisfactoria. Conclusión: en ambos grupos de estudio predominó la edad entre 6 y 9 años, el sexo masculino, la raza blanca y los síntomas y signos más frecuentes fueron: la conciencia de sus dificultades y la ansiedad. En pacientes del grupo experimental la evolución fue más satisfactoria y hubo una mayor reducción de la ansiedad (AU).

SUMMARY Introduction: a prospective, longitudinal experimental study on the treatment of children with stuttering using the habitual treatment and the addition of Auriculotherapy in the Provincial Auditory Center in Matanzas, from January to December 2017. Objective: to compare the clinical evolution of the patients with the habitual treatment and with the addition of auriculotherapy. Materials and methods: the universe of study was 14 patients with stuttering. According to the arrival of the patients to the consultation they were alternatively located in two groups, a control one treated with the customary treatment, and an experimental one treated with the usual treatment plus auriculotherapy. The clinical records were elaborated with a logo-phoniatric assessment before and after treatment. Results: 64.3 % of patients were in the 6-9 years-old age group; male sex and white race predominated, with 57.1 % and 64.3 % respectively. The most frequent symptoms and signs before treatment were the consciousness of their difficulties in 100 % of patients, and anxiety in 92.8 % of them. After treatment, there it was a higher diminution of anxiety for 28.6 % in the experimental group, and 71.4 % of them considered satisfactory their evolution. Conclusion: age between 6 and 9 years, male sex and white race predominated in both groups; the most frequent symptoms and signs were the consciousness of their difficulties and anxiety. In the experimental group the evolution was satisfactory and the reduction of anxiety was higher (AU).

Educación para pacientes / Education for patients

Resumen: Una parte fundamental en todo proyecto de mejora continua es la apropiada información y educación para el paciente y su familia. Las expectativas de una intervención quirúrgica, del curso perioperatorio y de la experiencia del dolor, puede ser distinta, de acuerdo con las creencias y el estado previo de ansiedad provocado por la incertidumbre y el miedo a lo desconocido, lo cual puede provocar un manejo del dolor menos efectivo. Esta variabilidad en la respuesta frente al evento quirúrgico puede ser optimizada en el momento que se proporciona la información de todo el proceso de manera objetiva. Dentro del proyecto de Investigación de PAIN OUT para la optimización del manejo del dolor perioperatorio, coordinado por el departamento de Anestesiología en el INCMNSZ, se planteó la posibilidad de implementar estrategias de educación para la población general. El Departamento de Educación para la Salud del INCMNSZ, tiene como objetivo apoyar y asesorar a las distintas áreas del hospital en materia de educación y promoción de la salud, que contribuyan a generar una cultura de prevención y autocuidado en el paciente y su familia. En un esfuerzo conjunto de estos dos departamentos se planteó la posibilidad de generar material audiovisual que cumpliera con el objetivo primordial de educar en el contexto perioperatorio. Se crearon tres audiovisuales con el apoyo de diseñadores gráficos del Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México. El primero incluye información acerca del proceso anestésico; el segundo habla del dolor postoperatorio, su evaluación por parte del paciente y las alternativas de manejo durante la hospitalización y el egreso; mientras que el tercero tiene información sobre los mitos y realidades del uso de opioides como parte de una estrategia analgésica. Este material tiene el objetivo de ser difundido entre la población general, a través del sitio web de la Red Mexicana PAIN OUT para la optimización del manejo del dolor perioperatorio http://www.painoutmexico.com y del sitio webhttps://www.epsnutricion.com.mx/quienes.php

Abstract: A fundamental part of any continuous improvement project is the appropriate information and education for the patient and his family. The expectations of a surgical intervention, of the perioperative course and of the experience of pain, can be different, according to the beliefs and previous state of anxiety caused by uncertainty and fear of the unknown, which can favor a less effective management of pain. This variability in the response to the surgical event can be optimized if the information of the entire process is provided objectively beforehand. The PAIN OUT Research project for the optimization of perioperative pain management, coordinated by the Department of Anesthesiology at INCMNSZ, provides the possibility of implementing education strategies for the general population was raised. The Department of Health Education of INCMNSZ aims to support and advise the different areas of the hospital in terms of education and health promotion, which contribute to generate a culture of prevention and self-care in the patient and his family. In a joint effort of these two departments, the possibility of generating audiovisual material that met the primary objective of educating in the perioperative context was done. Three audiovisuals were created with the support of graphic designers from the Tecnológico y Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Mexico City Campus. The first includes information about the anesthetic process, the second includes information about postoperative pain, its evaluation by the patient and management alternatives during hospitalization and discharge, and the third includes information about the myths and realities of the use of opioids as part of an analgesic strategy. This material is intended to be disseminated to the general population, through the website of the Mexican PAIN OUT Network for the optimization of perioperative pain management http://www.painoutmexico.com and the website https://www.epsnutricion.com.mx/quienes.php

The Impact of Preoperative BMI (Obesity Class I, II, and III) on the 12-Month Evolution of Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass.

BACKGROUND: Whether or not the initial body mass index (BMI) influences weight loss and comorbidities improvement after bariatric surgery continues to be a matter of debate. The main reason for this is a lack of studies including obesity class I. METHODS: Retrospective study with patients submitted to gastric bypass at a single institution. They were classified based on initial BMI (obesity class I, II, and III), and a comparative analysis of their metabolic profile (glucose, HbA1c%, C-peptide, insulin and diabetes medication), lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL), and clinical data (systolic/diastolic blood pressure and cardiovascular risk) was performed at 0 and 12 months. Diabetes remission and weight loss were also analyzed. RESULTS: Two-hundred and twenty patients were included (23 in group 1, 113 in group 2, and 84 in group 3). Initial weight, BMI, and number of patients with T2DM were statistically different in group 1; other parameters were homogenous. At 12 months, every group had similar improvement of the metabolic profile, excepting serum insulin. Diabetes remission was 57.9, 61.1, and 60% for group 1, 2, and 3. For weight loss, there were differences between groups when using BMI and percentage of excess weight loss, but not with percentage of total weight loss. The non-metabolic and clinical data improved without differences, except for total cholesterol and LDL. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic, lipid, and clinical profiles associated with obesity present similar improvement 1 year after laparoscopic gastric bypass, despite different baseline BMI. Diabetes remission and percentage of total weight loss were also similar.

Intubación nasotraqueal con laringoscopio óptico airtraq en dos casos de braquiterapia oral / Nasotracheal intubation with Airtraq optical laryngoscope in two cases of oral brachytherapy

Nasotracheal intubation is usually the selected airway approach for oral and maxillofacial surgery to enable a free surgical field. It is an unusual intubation technique with a high success rate. However, it is not free from difficulties and complications in certain groups of patients, like those with oral, facial or cervical tumors. The Airtraq® laryngoscope (Prodol Meditec, Vizcaya, Spain) is an optical device that facilitates tracheal intubation through the indirect visualization of the vocal cords, avoiding the need to align the oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal axis. It has shown to be useful in various difficult airway (DA) scenarios. There is a version of the device to assist with the nasal intubation technique. Two oral brachytherapy treatment cases classified as DA are discussed; the nasotracheal intubation of the patient awake was successful using the Airtraq optical laryngoscope.

La intubación nasotraqueal suele ser el abordaje electivo de la vía aérea en cirugías orales y maxilofaciales, permitiendo así un campo quirúrgico libre. Se trata de una técnica de intubación poco habitual con alto índice de éxito. Sin embargo, no está exenta de dificultades y complicaciones en ciertos grupos de pacientes como aquellos con tumoraciones orales, faciales o cervicales. El laringoscopio Airtraq® (Prodol Meditec, Vizcaya, España) es un dispositivo óptico que facilita la intubación traqueal mediante la visualización indirecta de las cuerdas vocales, sin necesidad de conseguir la alineación de los ejes oral, faríngeo y laríngeo. Ha demostrado su utilidad en diferentes escenarios de vía aérea difícil (VAD). Existe una versión del mismo diseñada para asistir en la técnica de intubación nasal. Presentamos dos casos de tratamiento con braquiterapia oral, catalogados de VAD, cuya intubación nasotraqueal en paciente despierto fue realizada de forma exitosa mediante el laringoscopio óptico Airtraq.

[The influence of preventive programs on laboral injuries]. / Impacto de los programas preventivos de accidentes de trabajo.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of preventive programs at enterprises affiliated to the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) during 2004. METHODS: Transversal study in 987 enterprises. VARIABLES: labor injuries (LI) of temporal disability, permanent disability and death. ANALYSIS: simple and relative frequencies, rates and Anova application to differences. RESULTS: 64.4% of the enterprises decrease LI (p < 0.04), with a decrement of 2602 LI (16%); the rate of LI per 100 workers declined from 4.19 to 3.60 (p < 0.08), with a decrease of 43,369 disability days (10.93%), which represents $8,456,955 MXP. States with larger decreases were: Queretaro (80%) p < 0.05; Sinaloa (63%) p < 0.05, and Morelos (61%) p < 0.05. Permanent incapacities diminished at 12.1%, p < 0.09; the rate of permanent disability per 1000 workers diminished from 1.37 to 1.32 and death cases increased from 42 to 49. CONCLUSIONS: the expenses on consultancy by IMSS was estimated as $9,341,955 MXP. The savings on temporal and permanent incapacities was $33,691,255 MXP with a cost containment of $19,701,310 MXP. Preventive programs are profitable, because they generate benefits to the workers, the IMSS and the enterprises.

Comportamiento del diagnóstico de VIH por SUMA en el CPHE de Matanzas 2000-2002 / Behavior of HIV diagnosis by SUMA System(Ultramicroanalytical System)in Matanzas Provincial Hygiene and Epidemiology Center(CPHE)

Se realiza un estudio del comportamiento de los resultados obtenidos desde el año 2000 hasta el 2002 en el Laboratorio SUMA (Sistema Ultramicroanalítico) del CPHE (Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología) de Matanzas. Se analizan un total de 97378 muestras clasificadas en diez grupos de vigilancia epidemiológica, provenientes de nueve municipios de la provincia. Se comparan los resultados obtenidos durante estos años y finalmente se señalan algunos de los factores que influyen en la aparición de resultados falsos positivos...

Frequencies of HLA-A and HLA-B alleles in a Mexico City mestizo sample.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens in a sample of the Mexico City Mestizo population. Previous similar studies were done by other authors in nonrelated individuals, while the present investigation was performed in families (parents and offspring), and therefore, a more accurate estimate of gene and haplotype frequencies was obtained. The predominant antigens in descending order are A2, A24, and A28 at the A locus, whereas B39 and B35 are at the B locus, all with gene frequencies above 0.1. As expected, the two more frequent haplotypes were A2-B16 and A2-B35 (considering main specificities), both with frequencies of 0.056. Seven of the 18 significant delta values of the haplotypes (observed vs. expected) remained significant after correcting for the number of comparisons, indicating the presence of linkage disequilibrium between the HLA-A and HLA-B regions. However, only A1-B8 and A19-B13 were found to be in disequilibrium in another Mexico City Mestizo sample which had very similar HLA-A and HLA-B allele frequencies to those in the present survey, suggesting that the biological significance of the other associations is rather doubtful. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 9:1-5 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Racial admixture in a Mestizo population from Mexico City.

Seven genetic systems were used to investigate the racial composition of a sample from a low-income Mexico City Mestizo group, finding estimates of 0.590, 0.348, and 0.062 of Indian, White, and Black ancestry, respectively. The results are similar to another Mexico City group studied previously and to several Mestizo populations from different parts of the country. The one thing in common in all these groups is low socioeconomic status. There is only one report suggesting that Mexico City Mestizos have around 70% White ancestry, and there is reason to believe the sample was taken from a high socioeconomic group. It is suggested that low socioeconomic Mexican Mestizo groups are characterized by a high Indian ancestry, above 50%. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.