RESUMEN
Orofacial clefts (OFC) remain among the most prevalent congenital abnormalities worldwide. In the United States in 2010 to 2014, 16.2 of 10,000 live births are born with OFC compared with 23.6 of 10,000 in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala in 2012. Demographics and cleft severity scores were retrospectively gathered from 514 patients with isolated OFC at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia scheduled for surgery from 2012 to 2019 and from 115 patients seen during surgical mission trips to Guatemala City from 2017 to 2020. Risk factors were also gathered prospectively from Guatemalan families. The Guatemalan cohort had a significantly lower prevalence of cleft palate only compared with the US cohort, which may be a result of greater cleft severity in the population or poor screening and subsequent increased mortality of untreated cleft palate. Of those with lip involvement, Guatemalan patients were significantly more likely to have complete cleft lip, associated cleft palate, and right-sided and bilateral clefts, demonstrating an increased severity of Guatemalan cleft phenotype. Primary palate and lip repair for the Guatemalan cohort occurred at a significantly older age than that of the US cohort, placing Guatemalan patients at increased risk for long-term complications such as communication difficulties. Potential OFC risk factors identified in the Guatemalan cohort included maternal cooking-fire and agricultural chemical exposure, poor prenatal vitamin intake, poverty, and risk factors related to primarily corn-based diets. OFC patients who primarily rely on surgical missions for cleft care would likely benefit from more comprehensive screening and investigation into risk factors for more severe OFC phenotypes.
Asunto(s)
Recursos Audiovisuales , Cuidadores/educación , Pueblos Indígenas/educación , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/métodos , Cuidados Posoperatorios/educación , Adulto , Niño , Comunicación , Competencia Cultural , Guatemala , Humanos , Lenguaje , Misiones Médicas , Procedimientos de Cirugía PlásticaRESUMEN
The design and implementation of a solar tracker based on panoramic images captured by a fisheye camera are proposed. Such images receive a digital treatment to estimate the sun azimuth and the elevation angles. These angles are fed to a microcontroller, handling an accelerometer with a gyroscope, that positions the solar tracker to the angle of solar elevation and a compass to set the azimuth angle concerning the north, either magnetic or geographic. The proposed system works satisfactorily to guide the solar tracker regardless of whether it is a sunny or cloudy day.
RESUMEN
Se tomaron muestras de 6 aluminosilicatos comerciales distribuidos en México. A cada muestra se la practicaron los siguientes análisis: contenido de potasio (K), calcio (Ca), sodio (Na), aluminio (Al) y silicio (Si), por medio de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica; el contenido de K en las muestras analizadas varía de 0 a 0.89 por ciento, el Ca de 0 a 0.76 por ciento, el Na de 0.42 a 1.68 por ciento, el AI de 0.90 a 8.15 por ciento y el de Si de 13.29 a 62.71 por ciento. Resalta la muestra de Fusox en cuento a contenido de Si (62.7 por ciento). La proporción de A1/Si en las muestras analizadas fue la siguiente: Milbond, 0.416; trisil, 0.356; Quibenzil, 0.13; Rekasil, 0.276; Boldclay, 0.337; Fusox, 0.14. Se midió el tamaño de las partículas por microscopía electrónica de barrido y se encontró que Milbond, Trisil, Quibensil y Rekasil según el tamaño de sus partículas corresponden a una zeolita, a diferencia de Boldclay, con 72.62µ. Los resultados obtenidos en la confrontación in vitro, de los 6 aluminosilicatos comerciales, mostraron que sólo dos de ellos presentaron actividad adsorbente de aflatoxina B1. El porcentaje de esta actividad fue de 97.5 en Milbond y de 90 en Fusox. Después de la medición del pH se encontró que no existe relación entre la capacidad adsorbente de aflatoxina B1 y el pH del aluminosilicato