Study of Myringoplasty in Wet and Dry Ears in Mucosal Type of Chronic Otitis Media.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic otitis media is the most common cause of hearing impairment in the developing countries. Hearing loss can have serious effects on day to day life. Ear discharge in chronic otitis media may continue for months to years with increasing hearing impairment and also life threatening infective complications, which is more common in active and also in inactive disease form as well. Myringoplasty is an operative procedure to close the perforation in tympanic membrane. AIM: To compare the success rate of graft uptake in dry and wet ears and to compare the postoperative hearing improvement in dry and wet ear following myringoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The comparative study was carried out on total 30 patients with chronic otitis media with central perforation. Of these 15 patients belong to dry ear group and 15 patients with wet ear group. These selected patients on simple random basis were subjected to clinical, audiological, radiological and laboratory investigations and one day before operation, patients were admitted to the hospital and written informed consent was taken in all cases. All patients underwent underlay technique myringoplasty. Postoperatively all patients were evaluated for graft uptake and hearing improvement by pure tone audiometry at 3rd month follow-up. RESULTS: In our study, the successful graft uptake was seen in 80% in dry ear and 73.3% in wet ear, statistically p-value (χ2=1.24) is (p>0.05) which is insignificant. Postoperatively hearing gain was (0-5 dB) in 3 patients (20%) with dry ear and 2 patients (13.5%) with wet ear; (6-10 dB), in 4 patients (26.6%) with dry ear and 6 patients (40%) with wet ear; more than 10 dB in 5 patients (33.3%) with dry ear and 3 patients (20%) with wet ear, statistically p-value is χ2=1.24 (p >0.05) which is not significant. CONCLUSION: In this study the success rate of graft uptake and hearing improvement is found almost equal in dry and wet ear by using underlay technique of myringoplasty, also found statistically insignificant.

An in vitro comparison of antimicrobial effcacy of three root canal irrigants-BioPure MTAD, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as a final rinse against E. faecalis.

AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and BioPure MTAD when used as a fnal rinse against Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty single-rooted premolars were biomechanically prepared, inoculated with E. faecalis and divided into various groups. These were then irrigated with the test irrigants and tested microbiologically for growth of E. faecalis immediately after irrigation and after 48 hours. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that there was a signifcant difference between the antibacterial activities of BioPure MTAD, 2% CHX and 5.25% NaOCl at 5 minutes; however, the antibacterial activities of the three irrigants were comparable after 2 days of irrigation. CONCLUSION: The present study concludes that BioPure MTAD is as effective against E. faecalis as 5.25% NaOCl and more effective than 2% CHX. CLINICAL SIGNIFCANCE: E. faecalis is one of the most resistant intracanal species and a possible cause of root canal failure. Many authors have stressed the importance of using antimicrobial irrigants during chemomechanical preparation to ensure complete disinfection. Therefore, various irrigating solutions have been used during and immediately after root canal preparation to remove debris and necrotic pulp tissue and to eliminate microorganisms that cannot be reached by mechanical instrumentation.

Effect of Holostemma annularis on the progression of diabetes induced by a high fructose diet in rats and in diabetic C57BL/6J ob/ob mice.

The roots of Holostemma annularis K. Schum (Asclepiadacae) are used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. This medicinal plant, widely used in more than 34 ayurvedic preparations, was evaluated in a high fructose diet in induced insulin resistance and in C57BL/6J ob/ob diabetic mice for its antidiabetic activity. Graded doses of both chloroform and methanolic extracts of the roots of H. annularis were administered to normal and experimental diabetic rats for 21 days. Serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol levels and total protein in urine were analyzed. Significant results were observed in the estimated parameters. These data justify the use of the plant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and is a potential source for the isolation of new active agents for diabetes mellitus.

Co-existence of circumaortic renal collar, accessory renal artery and anomalous arrangement of hilar structures in the same cadaver: a case report

Multiple variations in the blood vessels of thekidney were observed during routine dissectionof the retroperitoneal region of an elderlymale cadaver. A variant drainage pattern of the venous blood from the left kidney was found. It was drained by two renal veins. At the hilum, one was lying in front of the ureter and the other behind. These two were joinedby a communicating channel. The anteriorvein crossed the aorta, running superficial to it and drained into the IVC but the posterior vein followed a retro-aortic course and drained into the IVC. Thus, the 2 veins formed a circumaortic collar. We also report an accessory renal artery and the anomalous arrangement of hilar structures on the left side. The arrangement of the hilar structures from anterior to posterior was accessory renal artery, anterior renal vein, left renal artery, ureter and the posterior renal vein. Thus, the normal arrangement of renal vein, renal artery and renal pelvis was not seen on the left side. However,all the structures were normal on the right side (AU)

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A revised structure for crotaramosmin from crotolaria ramosissima

The structure of crotaramosmin has been reassigned to 1-(5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanone (1) as determined by extensive NMR investigation.