RESUMEN
Cardiovascular disease is a significant and ever-growing concern, causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conventional therapy is often very precarious and requires long-term usage. Several phytochemicals, including Resveratrol (RSV) and Piperine (PIP), possess significant cardioprotection and may be restrained in clinical settings due to inadequate pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, this study strives to develop an optimized RSV phytosomes (RSVP) and RSV phytosomes co-loaded with PIP (RPP) via solvent evaporation method using Box-Behnken design to enhance the pharmacokinetic properties in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI). The optimized particle size (20.976 ± 0.39 and 176.53 ± 0.88 nm), zeta potential (-33.33 ± 1.5 and -48.7 ± 1.6 mV), drug content (84.57 ± 0.9 and 87.16 ± 0.6%), and %EE (70.56 ± 0.7 and 67.60 ± 0.57%) of the prepared RSVP and RPP, respectively demonstrated enhanced solubility and control release in diffusion media. The oral administration of optimized RSVP and RPP in myocardial infarction-induced rats exhibited significant (p < 0.001) improvement in heart rate, ECG, biomarker, anti-oxidant levels, and no inflammation than pure RSV. The pharmacokinetic assessment on healthy Wistar rats exhibited prolonged circulation (>24 h) of RSVP and RPP compared to free drug/s. The enhanced ability of RSVP and RPP to penetrate bio-membranes and enter the systemic circulation renders them a more promising strategy for mitigating MI.
RESUMEN
Background & Objectives: Wound healing is the complex physiological process of replacing damaged cells or tissue layers. The neem (Azadirachta Indica) has a variety of biological activities, which may hasten the rate at which the wound healing mechanism occurs. Silk fibroin is a biomaterial that is reported for its tissue regeneration activity. So, the present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a hydrogel comprising neem and silk fibroin biomaterials for the treatment of wounds. Methods: Topical neem hydrogels (N-HG) with and without silk fibroin (N-SFB-HG) were prepared using neem extract, silk fibroin, and guar gum, which act by entrapping the components by forming a gel. Evaluation tests such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), visual emergence, pH, rheological behavior, spreading capacity, drug content, skin irritation, anti-microbial action, in vivo wound healing activity, and stability were carried out. Results: The FT-IR results showed no chemical interaction between the constituents. The formed hydrogels had pH values of 5.87 ± 0.3 for N-HG and 5.76 ± 0.2 for N-SFB-HG. The preferred topical gel viscosity was observed in the N-HG (54.2 ± 3.2cPs) and N-SFB-HG (59.9 ± 4.8cPs) formulations. The formulated hydrogels were sterile and did not irritate the skin. The in vivo wound healing investigation results reveal that the N-SF-HG treatment speeds up the regeneration of the injured area faster when compared to control and N-HG treated groups. Interpretation & Conclusion: These results support the efficacy of the topical hydrogel formulation, including neem and silk fibroin. Therefore, the neem-silk fibroin hydrogel formulation is a therapeutically viable choice that, following necessary clinical research, might be utilized in novel formulations for managing chronic wounds.