[Production and characterization of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii antigens]. / Poluchenie i kharakteristika paneli monoklonal'nykh antitel k antigenam Toxoplasma gondii.

A representative collection was obtained containing 68 monoclonal antibodies (MAB) to Toxoplasma gondii antigens, which was characterized by the binding with the below fractions of tochizoites in the immune-enzyme assay (IEA) and immunoblotting (IB): membrane (MEM), somatic (water-soluble, SOM) and excretory-secretory (ES). Most of MABs were produced to MEM antigens (43), 6 MABs reacted with the somatic fraction, and 3 MABs reacted with both fractions. Two MABs to ES antigen were detected in the latter group. An analysis of MABs in concurrent IEA and IB revealed the immune-dominant proteins of the MEM and SOM fractions of antibodies to T. gondii tochizoites (p30 and p27, respectively). The presence of 2 non-overlapping antigenic determinants was shown for p30. Further research would detect MABs that could be used in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

[Composition of circulating immune complexes in acute toxoplasmosis]. / Izuchenie sostava tsirkuliruiushchikh immunnykh kompleksov pri ostrom toksoplazmoze.

The circulating immune complexes (CIC) that form in the hot just in early Toxoplasma gondii invasion can be present in the blood bed for a while. At the same time, the data on the antigenic composition of CIC in toxoplasmosis are fragmentary and rather contradictory. The investigation used enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect specific CIC that contain antigens to T. gondii tachyzoites in the sera of different populations and studied their antigenic composition by immunoblotting after 2-6% polyethylene glycol 6000-induced deposition. Examining 464 sera from groups of individuals with varying-stage T. gondii invasion indicated CIC in each, but showing their different frequency. CIC were virtually present in all sera from children who had been diagnosed as having congenital toxoplasmosis. In groups of seropositive pregnant women, CIC detection rates were noticeably higher in the samples showing both IgG and IgM antibodies (40.2 and 66.4%, respectively). CIC were also revealed in 9.8% of the seronegative blood donors; however, immunoblotting failed to confirm that they had no components that specifically reacted with T. gondii tachyzoite antigen antibodies. There were some differences in the composition of CIC in the serum yielding positive results in both EIA and immunoblotting. The serum CIC from pregnant women that exhibited only IgG antibodies contained mainly T. gondii antigens having molecular weights of 67 and 30 kD. The serum CIC from children with congenital toxoplasmosis and from pregnant women with serologically detected IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma antigens were found to contain 55-58-, 48-, 44-, 38-, 30-, and 26-kD components. The same molecular weight proteins were detected by electrophoretic studies of Toxoplasma excretory-secretory antigen (ESA). Comparing the findings suggests that in acute toxoplasmosis, the circulating complexes mainly contain ESA of the tachyzoites which appear in human blood just at the onset of invasion. Thus, this study demonstrates that specifically CIC are detectable in the sera of individuals infected with T. gondii and their antigenic composition varies with the stage of disease. In the authors' opinion, the detection of specific CIC and the determination of their antigenic composition may be serve an additional test in diagnosing acute toxoplasmosis.

[An immunochemical study of the antigens from Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites obtained in different cultivation systems]. / Immunokhimicheskoe izuchenie antigenov takhizoitov Toxoplasma gondii, poluchennykh v razlichnykh sistemakh kul'tivirovaniia.

The protein composition and immunochemical properties of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites cultured on Vero cells and on mice were studied. Despite the fact that the main components of both preparations were shown to be proteins with molecular weights of 47, 34, 24, and 22 kDa, Toxoplasma-infected human sera antibodies interact mainly with the antigens of 66, 62, 57, 42, 38, 37, 36, 31, and 24 kDa. Comparing efficiency of enzyme immunoassay using the antigens of the tachyzoites obtained in different culture systems showed that the preparation of cultured Vero cells is similar to those of peritoneal exudates from infected mice and may be successfully used for the detection of antitoxoplasma antibodies in the sera of infected subjects.

[Immunoenzyme method of the determination of human chorionic gonadotropin using polyclonal antibodies]. / Immunofermentnyi metod opredeleniia khorionicheskogo gonadotropina cheloveka s ispol'zovaniem poliklonal'nykh antitel.

The authors developed a method for obtaining highly specific polyclonal antibodies reacting with different sites of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and an immunometrical method for measuring HCG in human biological fluids, based on the use of these antibodies. The sensitivity of the method is 10-15 IU/liter HCG, specificity 100%, no cross reactions with LH or FSH were observed. The method was tried in testing urine samples for HCG in women at 1-2 to 34 weeks of gestations and in one cancer patient with the diagnosis of vesical mole.

[Protective activity of vaccinia virus envelope proteins isolated using nonionic detergents]. / Protektivnaia aktivnost' belkov obolochki virusa ospovaktsiny, vydelennykh s ispol'zovaniem neionnykh detergentov.

Several detergents and chemical compounds--Tweens 40, 60, 80, Triton X-100, Triton WR-1340, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, urea, n-butyl, MESK, and combinations thereof were used for the isolation of surface proteins of vaccinia virus. Optimal conditions for the treatment of the virus with detergents were selected, permitting isolation of vaccinia virus surface proteins p35 and p61. Mouse experiments yielded data on the protective properties of the isolated proteins. Protein p35 may turn to be one of the major proteins responsible for the formation of protective immunity in vaccination with vaccinia virus.

[Microsurgical revascularization of the brain with an autograft of the greater omentum (experimental research)]. / Mikrokhirurgicheskaia revaskuliarizatsiia golovnogo mozga autotransplantatom bol'shogo sal'nika (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

The paper deals with improvement of procedures for autografting a greater omental fragment to the vascular layer of the brain in its experimental ischemic lesions. The findings suggest that a functional vasculature has formed between the omentum and the meninx vasculosa just at hour 24 postautografting. This provides evidence to recommend the method for clinical application to compensate cerebral circulatory disorders in tumor-induced and vascular abnormalities in the brain.

[Neurogenic lesions of the lungs in severe craniocerebral trauma]. / Neirogennye porazheniia legkikh pri tiazheloi cherepno-mozgovoi travme.

The role of sympathicotonia in the development of neurogenic edema of the lungs in patients with the craniocerebral trauma (CCT) was confirmed experimentally. Morphological examinations of the lungs in 12 people who died from CCT have revealed the stage-wise character of the development of neurodystrophic alterations in the air-conducting and respiratory parts, up to the development of denervation.

[Trauma to the cranial nerve roots in the pathogenesis of brain stem lesions in severe craniocerebral injury]. / Travmatizatsiia koreshkov cherepnykh nervov v patogeneze stvolovykh porazhenii pri tiazheloi cherepno-mozgovoi travme.

A clinico-morphological analysis of results of 65 autopsies has shown that traumatization of cranial nerve roots at the moment of trauma is one of pathogenetical mechanisms of truncal lesions. A group of primary progressing truncal lesions was established which included 81.1% of patients who died at the hospital.

[Changes in antigenic properties of the p35 protein of vaccinia virus in various protein fractions of the virion with the use of monospecific antisera]. / Izmenenie antigennykh svoistv belka P35 virusa ospovaktsiny v sostave razlichnykh belkovykh fraktsii viriona s pomoshch'iu monospetsificheskikh antisyvorotok.

Three monospecific antisera to the major 35 kD (p35) surface protein of vaccinia and ectromelia viruses have been obtained. Two of them are obtained to p35 protein isolated by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate from the protein fractions of vaccinia virus, soluble in NP40 and NP40 with dithiothreitol (NP40 and DTT-fractions). The third serum is obtained to NP40-fraction of ectromelia virus, containing practically only p35 protein. The obtained antisera were compared in the reactions with the different fractions of viral proteins in two versions of solid phase radioimmunoassay. The effect of such reagents as sodium dodecylsulfate, NP40, 2-mercaptoethanol, ethanol on the antigenic properties of p35 protein from vaccinia virus is discussed.

[Problem of pathology of neurocytes of the trigeminal ganglion in lesions of the head and brain (quantitative analysis)]. / K voprosu o patologii neirotsitov troinichnogo uzla pri porazheniiakh golovy i golovnogo mozga (kolichestvennyi analiz).

Light microscopy was used to study trigeminal ganglia autopsied from victims of neurosurgical pathology. Quantitative analysis of unchanged, reversibly and irreversibly changed trigeminal ganglion neurocytes was performed in the cases of severe trauma of the brain, its tumors, and aneurysms of cerebral vessels. Quantitative data on neurocyte changes were in each case juxtaposed to clinical features of the course of the disease with due consideration of its etiology. The issues concerning pathogenesis of the disease are discussed in relation to trigeminal ganglion neurocytes' alterations.

[Radioimmunoanalytic study of the kinetics of lambda phage structural protein synthesis]. / Issledovanie kinetiki sinteza strukturnykh belkov faga lambda metodom radioimmunoanaliza.

The kinetics of the lambda-phage major structural protein syntheses was determined during the lytic development by radioimmunoassay. For this purpose, the individual structural proteins such as pE, pV and pD were isolated in polyacrylamide gel by the preparative SDS-electrophoresis. The proper monospecific antisera were obtained. All the proteins were labelled with 125J in vitro by a chloramine method. The degree of nativity for iodinated proteins was determined by the electrophoretic and immunochemical methods. The concentrations of proteins pE, pV and pD were measured in lysates of E. coli W3350 cells infected with the phage lambda C1857 at various time intervals after infection using a competitive radioimmunoassay. The concentrations of all three proteins turned out to increase sharply between 20 and 40 minutes after infection, then the rate of synthesis of structual proteins declined gradually. On a cell basis the accumulation of major proteins of the head such as pE and pD exceeded by a factor of 10 or 20 the amount required for collection of the infected progeny or pahge; at the same time the primary component of the tail pV accumulated to a lesser extent. The autonomic regulation of the syntheses of major phage proteins is assumed to be exercised as a translation level in the lytic development of the phage lambda.

[Lambdoid phage structural proteins and antigens]. / Strukturnye belki i antigeny liambdoidnykh fagov.

The composition of structural proteins of lambdoid phages such as lambda, phi 80 434 divided by molecular weights was determined by means of SDS-disc-electrophoresis in a 15% polyacrylamide gel. The proteins of the same phages were divided by isoelectric points using an isoelectric focusing in a 5,25% polyacrylamide gel with 8 M urea and a gradient pH 7.0--3.5. The both methods brought out a composition character of the virion proteins and illustrated the high degree of similarity among the structural proteins of phages lambda and 434 and a far less similarity among the proteins lambda and phi 80. The antigenic composition of the lambdoid phage was determined and the basic antigenes were identified on one-dimensional and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoregrams. The appreciable immunochemical affinity of basic antigenes of the lambda and 434, but a partial affinity of the phages lambda and phi 80 were found. The basic protein of the head pE proved to be immunochemically similar for all three phages.

Adrenal reactivity to ACTH age changes in silver foxes inheriting different defensive behaviors.

We have studied the influence of selection for behavior in female silver foxes upon their adrenal reactivity to ACTH. It has been found that in the first year of life, in females from a population selected for domesticated behavior (tame), there is no differentiated adrenal response to different doses of ACTH. In wild females during the first year of life, varying strength of adrenal response to large and small doses of ACTH is noted. During the second year of life, the differential adrenal response to different doses of ACTH is improved in females of both behavioral groups; the reactivity of tame second-year females to small doses of corticotrophin surpasses that of wild second-year animals. It is concluded that during ontogeny in domesticated silver fox females there is a retardation in the establishment of an adequate response to ACTH by the adrenals, as compared to nondomesticated females.

[Antigenic structure of bacteriophage lambda. Identification of the chief antigens of bacteriophage lambda]. / Antigennaia struktura bakteriofaga lambda. Identifikatsiia osnovnykh antigenov bakteriofaga lambda.

The antigenic composition of the bacteriophages lambdaC1857 and lambdagt-lambdaC was investigated by modified immunoelectrophoresis in a 1,2% agarose gel involving 1% Triton X-100 and 0,25% sodium desoxycholate. The phages lambdaC1857 and lambdagt-lambdaC were shown to have identical antigenic compositions and to comprise three basic antigens, such as a1, a2, a3. The main structural proteins of the phage such as pE, pV and pD were isolated by preparative electrophoresis in 13% polyacrilamide gel. The immunophoresis of individual proteins indicated the antigens a1, a2 and a3 to be proteins pV, pD and pE, respectively.

[Microtubules and their relationship with the subsynaptic structures and the nuclear membrane in human neuroblasts]. / Mikrotrubochki i ikh vzaimootnosheniia s subsinapticheskimi strukturami i iadernoi obolochkoi v neiroblastakh cheloveka.

The appearance of microtubules and the development of their interrelations with the synaptic area and the nuclear envelope in differentiating neuroblasts from the anterior horn of the spinal cord in the first half of human antenatal ontogenesis was traced by methods of electron microscopy. A hypothesis was put forward on the functional purpose of the above interrelations between the microtubules with the subsynaptic area of the neuroblast and its nucleus.

[Development of interneuronal synaptic junctions in neuroblasts of the anterior horn of the spinal cord during early prenatal human ontogenesis (7--9 wks. of pregnancy)]. / Razvitie mezhneironal'nykh sinapticheskikh sviazei u neiroblastov perednikh rogov spinnogo mozga v rannem prenatal'nom ontogeneze cheloveka (7--9 ned beremennosti)

A method of electron microscopy was applied to the study of the synaptogenesis in the presumptive ventral horns of the spinal cord (C4--Th3) at the early prenatal human ontogeny. The morphological stages of synaptogenesis were traced, and the minimum of the structrual organization of the synapse, correspoding to the beginning of its functional activity, was determined. A hypothesis is put forward on possible mechanisms of synaptogenesis.