GATA-3 expression and its correlation with prognostic factors and survival in canine mammary tumors.

Introduction: The transcription factor GATA-3 plays a significant role in mammary gland development and differentiation. Recent studies on human oncology have demonstrated its association with favorable pathologic factors in breast cancer. Canine mammary tumours, proposed as comparative and translational study models, have epidemiological, clinical, biological, and genetic characteristics similar to those of human breast cancers. Methods: Here, we evaluated the frequency of GATA-3 expression in mammary tumors of dogs and its relationship with prognostic factors and survival. Tumor samples were obtained from 40 female dogs and grouped according to histological type into benign tumors (n = 10), carcinoma in mixed tumors (CMTs) (n = 20), and aggressive tumors (n = 10). CMTs were further separated according to histological grade, and data on clinical staging and diagnosis, histopathological grading, and survival rate were collected. Results: GATA-3 and estrogen receptor (ER) expression were higher in benign and well-differentiated carcinomas than in aggressive tumors, which showed greater Ki-67 expression. The expression rate of ER in the studied groups was equivalent to that of GATA-3. We identified a strong positive correlation between GATA-3 and ER expression frequencies and a negative correlation between those of GATA-3 and Ki-67. There were associations between GATA-3 (p < 0.001), Ki-67 (p = 0.003), tumor size (p < 0.001), clinical stage (p = 0.002), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), and histological grade (p < 0.001) by univariate survival analysis. The parameters ER (p = 0.015) and GATA-3 (p = 0.005) also influenced survival in a multifactorial manner. Discussion: Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival curves validated our previous findings that dogs with GATA-3 expression in ≥79.4% of cells had significantly higher survival rates (p < 0.001). The performance analysis showed that the expression of GATA-3 in ≥79.4% of cells effectively predicted survival or death in dogs with mammary tumors. Collectively, these results suggest that GATA-3 can be a relevant marker in the study of mammary tumor progression and has potential as a prognosis marker for predicting outcomes in canine mammary tumors.

Chronic graft-versus-host-disease treatment in Brazil: analyses of failure-free survival.

Failure-free survival (FFS), defined as the absence of new systemic treatment, recurrence of original malignancy and mortality not associated with recurrence after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), is a robust clinical measure to interpret results of initial systemic treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). We evaluate FFS after initial treatment of cGVHD in a mixed-race cohort from a resource-constrained country. This retrospective study included 354 consecutive patients after their first HCT between January 2014 and August 2020, who received initial systemic treatment for moderate or severe cGVHD at 13 Brazilian centers. Cox regression models were used to identify risk factors for treatment failure. The overall median follow-up among survivors was 28 months (range 1-71) after initial treatment. FFS was 89% at 6 months, 71% at 1 year and 52% at 2 years. New systemic treatment was the major cause of failure. In multivariable models, prior grades II-IV acute GVHD, a National Institutes of Health severity score of 3 in liver, gastrointestinal tract or lung involvement, and onset of initial treatment of cGVHD within 12 months after transplantation were all associated with an increased risk of treatment failure. Our results could serve as a benchmark for the design of future clinical trials evaluating initial treatment of cGVHD in resource-constrained locations.

Maternal Hyperthyroidism in Rats Alters the Composition and Gene Expression of the Matrix Produced In Vitro by Chondrocytes from Offspring with Intrauterine Growth Restriction.

Herein, we aimed to evaluate cultures of femoral chondrocytes from offspring of rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by maternal hyperthyroidism. Fourteen adult female Wistar rats were divided into two groups, a control group and a group treated with daily L-thyroxine administration using an orogastric tube (50 µg/animal/day) during pregnancy. Three days after birth, the offspring were euthanized for chondrocyte extraction. At 7, 14, and 21 days, viability and alkaline-phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed using the MTT assay and BCIP/NBT method, respectively, in a 2D culture. Pellets (3D cultures) were stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) to assess the morphology and percentage of PAS+ areas. The gene transcripts for Col2, Col10, Acan, Sox9, and Runx2 were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The MTT and ALP-assay results showed no significant differences between the groups. Maternal hyperthyroidism did not alter the chondrocyte morphology, but significantly reduced the percentage of PAS+ areas, decreased the expression of the gene transcripts of Col2 and Acan, and increased Sox9 expression. Maternal hyperthyroidism in rats alters the composition and gene expression of the matrix produced by chondrocytes from offspring with IUGR. This may be one of the mechanisms through which excess maternal thyroid hormones reduce offspring bone growth.

Inhalation of dimethyl fumarate-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles attenuate clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and pulmonary inflammatory dysfunction in mice.

RATIONALE: The FDA-approved Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) as an oral drug for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) treatment based on its immunomodulatory activities. However, it also caused severe adverse effects mainly related to the gastrointestinal system. OBJECTIVE: Investigated the potential effects of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing DMF, administered by inhalation on the clinical signs, central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response, and lung function changes in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: EAE was induced using MOG35-55 peptide in female C57BL/6J mice and the mice were treated via inhalation with DMF-encapsulated SLN (CTRL/SLN/DMF and EAE/SLN/DMF), empty SLN (CTRL/SLN and EAE/SLN), or saline solution (CTRL/saline and EAE/saline), every 72 h during 21 days. RESULTS: After 21 days post-induction, EAE mice treated with DMF-loaded SLN, when compared with EAE/saline and EAE/SLN, showed decreased clinical score and weight loss, reduction in brain and spinal cord injury and inflammation, also related to the increased influx of Foxp3+ cells into the spinal cord and lung tissues. Moreover, our data revealed that EAE mice showed signs of respiratory disease, marked by increased vascular permeability, leukocyte influx, production of TNF-α and IL-17, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, with pulmonary mechanical dysfunction associated with loss of respiratory volumes and elasticity, which DMF-encapsulated reverted in SLN nebulization. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that inhalation of DMF-encapsulated SLN is an effective therapeutic protocol that reduces not only the CNS inflammatory process and disability progression, characteristic of EAE disease, but also protects mice from lung inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction.

A dicephalus calf: anatomical, pathological and radiographic aspects

Congenital malformations are morphofunctional abnormalities of tissues and organs that can occur during embryonic or fetal development in all animal species. Among these, dicephalus is characterized by the development of an individual with two heads and two necks, due to the total duplication of facial, cranial, and brain structures. Reports of dicephalus in cattle are scarce and do not normally emphasize radiographic and bone anatomy characteristics. The objective was to describe a case of a stillborn dicephalus calf. The duplication of the head, brain, neck, and two thoracic vertebral columns, isolated from each other, with 13 vertebrae each was verified radiographically. There were 13 pairs of ribs, the ones on the right side articulated with the thoracic spine on the right and the left ones with the spine on the left. Caudally at T13, there was only one lumbar spine, sacral and coccygeal. In the ventrodorsal projection, L1, L2, L3, and L6 had the shape of a butterfly (suggestive of hemivertebrae). At necropsy, in addition to craniocervical and spinal morphological changes, collapsed lungs, duplication of the heart with anastomosis between the aortic arches of the hearts, and duplication of the upper digestive tract were observed. Additionally, there was arthrogryposis of the pelvic limbs. Corpse maceration, followed by the skeletal assembly, showed the bone changes previously observed and confirmed the suspicion of hemivertebrae.

A dicephalus calf: anatomical, pathological and radiographic aspects

Congenital malformations are morphofunctional abnormalities of tissues and organs that can occur during embryonic or fetal development in all animal species. Among these, dicephalus is characterized by the development of an individual with two heads and two necks, due to the total duplication of facial, cranial, and brain structures. Reports of dicephalus in cattle are scarce and do not normally emphasize radiographic and bone anatomy characteristics. The objective was to describe a case of a stillborn dicephalus calf. The duplication of the head, brain, neck, and two thoracic vertebral columns, isolated from each other, with 13 vertebrae each was verified radiographically. There were 13 pairs of ribs, the ones on the right side articulated with the thoracic spine on the right and the left ones with the spine on the left. Caudally at T13, there was only one lumbar spine, sacral and coccygeal. In the ventrodorsal projection, L1, L2, L3, and L6 had the shape of a butterfly (suggestive of hemivertebrae). At necropsy, in addition to craniocervical and spinal morphological changes, collapsed lungs, duplication of the heart with anastomosis between the aortic arches of the hearts, and duplication of the upper digestive tract were observed. Additionally, there was arthrogryposis of the pelvic limbs. Corpse maceration, followed by the skeletal assembly, showed the bone changes previously observed and confirmed the suspicion of hemivertebrae.(AU)

The challenges of handling deferasirox in sickle cell disease patients older than 40 years.

OBJECTIVES: Deferasirox is an oral iron chelator with established dose-dependent efficacy for the treatment of iron overload secondary to transfusion. However, there is few data reporting the use of Desferasirox in adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and transfusional iron overload. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, single center, nonrandomized study from January 2014 to March 2015 in Campinas, Brazil. Seven patients (five women, median age 50 y.o.) who were followed up on regular transfusion program were treated with a single daily dose of deferasirox (median dose 20 mg/kg). They were monitored for clinical symptoms, renal function and hepatotoxicity. RESULTS: One patient discontinued the study due to lack of compliance. Two patients reported mild to moderate adverse events (gastrointestinal disturbances). Five patients had the drug discontinued due to worsening of renal function. One patient had the drug discontinued due to severe hepatotoxicity that evolved to death; no patient finished the study. Discussion and conclusions: Deferasirox does not appear to be well tolerated in SCD patients older than 40 years, in which complications of the underlying disease are already fully installed. The choice of the ideal iron chelator for this population should include an evaluation of comorbidities and organic dysfunctions, as well as the need to find pharmacogenetic safety markers in this group of patients.

A avaliação da atenção primária à saúde no contexto brasileiro: uma análise da produção científica entre 2007 e 2017 / The evaluation of primary health care in Brazil: an analysis of the scientific production between 2007 and 2017

Resumo Este estudo bibliográfico tem o objetivo de examinar estudos de avaliação da atenção primária à saúde (APS) no Brasil, enfatizando principalmente o desenho metodológico adotado e características-chave de avaliação. Foram consultadas as bases Scientific Electronic Library Online, Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, utilizando-se a combinação de vocabulários estruturados para indexação e buscando-se artigos publicados entre 2007 e 2017 que abordassem informações originárias de avaliação em serviços brasileiros de APS. Foram selecionados 41 artigos, sendo analisadas, entre outras variáveis, ano de publicação, modalidade do artigo, serviço de APS investigado, desenho metodológico, características avaliativas e desdobramentos e potencialidades oportunizados pela avaliação. Dos 41 produtos de pesquisa, a maioria originou-se de estudos de campo (86,8%) e foi desenvolvida exclusivamente em Unidades de Saúde da Família (48,9%). Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, observou-se o predomínio de abordagens quantitativas, sendo o Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) o instrumento mais utilizado nos estudos. Observou-se também que a produção nacional sobre a avaliação em APS refletiu o cenário histórico-político nacional de estruturação desse nível de atenção e assumiu, em sua maioria, características de pesquisa avaliativa com enfoque na avaliação da qualidade. A revisão informa o panorama nacional acerca da avaliação na APS, que denotou o pluralismo conceitual e prático que envolve essa área, mas também limitações e desafios.

Abstract This bibliographic study aims to analyze evaluation studies of primary health care (PHC) in Brazil, focusing on the methodological design adopted and some key evaluation features. We searched the Scientific Electronic Library Online, the Scientific Journals Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) database and the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), using a structured vocabulary search and selecting articles published between 2007 and 2017 that addressed the evaluation of Brazilian PHC services. Forty-one articles were selected by analyzing the following characteristics, among others: year of publication, article modality, PHC service investigated, methodological design, evaluation characteristics and evaluation outcome and potential. Of these 41 studies, the majority (86.8%) originated in field research conducted exclusively in Family Health Units (48.9%). Methodologically, most studies were quantitative; and the Primary Care Assessment Tool was the most used instrument. We also found that Brazilian studies on PHC evaluation reflected the national historical-political structuring of PHC, and for the most part, they reported quality evaluation research. Our review presents the national panorama on PHC evaluation, highlighting the field's conceptual and practical pluralism, but also its limitations and challenges.

Incidence of skin tumors in dogs in Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil (2007-2016) / Frequência de dermatopatias tumorais em cães da cidade de Salvador, Bahia (2007-2016)

This study aimed to establish the incidence of skin tumors (cutaneous proliferative lesions of neoplastic or non-neoplastic nature) in dogs diagnosed by histopathological evaluation at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) in a 10-year (2007-2016) historical series. Of the 1945 histopathological diagnoses made in this period, 503 were skin biopsies, and 617 dermatological problems (87 dogs, 17.3%, presented more than one positive diagnosis) were found. Of the 617 diagnoses of dermatopathy, 546 (88.49%) were tumors and 71 (11.51%) were non-tumorous alterations. The 546 conditions more profoundly studied were from 453 dogs, 468 (85.7%) neoplastic and 78 (14.3%) non-neoplastic tumors. The 468 neoplasms were classified as follows: 230 benign (49.14%), 215 malignant (45.94%), 23 borderline (epitheliomas) (4.91%), 51.92% (243/468) mesenchymal, 42.74% (200/468) epithelial, 4.91% (23/468) melanocytic, and 0.43% (2/468) metastatic (mammary gland). The most commonly diagnosed neoplastic dermatopathies were mastocytoma (14.7%) and lipoma (7.48%). Among the 78 non-neoplastic conditions (14.3%), epidermal inclusion cyst (39.74%) and trichogranuloma (15.38%) were the most frequent. Canine dermatopathies accounted for 26% of the biopsy files of the LPV-UFBA. Distinct simultaneous dermatological problems were frequently found in the dogs assessed (one in six). Considering that these conditions can present with different cellular origin and biological behavior, it is crucial that histopathological evaluation be performed in fragments from the different cutaneous lesions.(AU)

Objetivou-se com esse estudo determinar a frequência de dermatopatias tumorais (lesões proliferativas cutâneas que cursam com aumento de volume de natureza neoplásicas ou não neoplásicas) em cães, diagnosticadas por exame histopatológico no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) na série histórica de 10 anos (2007-2016). Dos 1.945 exames histopatológicos realizados no período, 503 tratava-se de biópsias cutâneas, dentre os quais, foram diagnosticados 617 dermatopatias (87 cães, 17,3%, apresentavam mais de um diagnóstico). Dos 617 diagnósticos de dermatopatias 546 (88,49%) foram tumorais e 71 (11,51%) não tumorais. As 546 dermatopatias tumorais, estudadas com mais ênfase, foram diagnosticadas em 453 cães, 468 (85,7%) eram neoplásicas e 78 (14,3%) não neoplásicas. Das 468 dermatopatias tumorais neoplásicas encontradas 230 foram benignas (49,14%), 215 malignas (45,94%), 23 borderline/epiteliomas (4,91%), 51,92% (243/468) de origem mesenquimal, 42,74% (200/468) epiteliais, 4,91% (23/468) melanocíticas e 0,43% (2/468) metastáticas para a pele (primárias de glândula mamária). As dermatopatias neoplásicas mais diagnosticadas foram o mastocitoma (14,7%) e o lipoma (7,48%). Dentre as 78 dermatopatias tumorais não neoplásicas (14,3%), os cistos de inclusão epidermal (39,74%) e o tricogranuloma (15,38%) foram os mais frequentes. As dermatopatias caninas representaram 26% da casuística no LPV/UFBA. A ocorrência de dermatopatias tumorais simultâneas distintas foi comum nos cães desse estudo (um a cada seis); como podem ter origens celulares e comportamentos biológicos diferentes, enfatiza-se a importância da coleta e envio para exame histopatológico de fragmentos das diferentes lesões cutâneas.(AU)

Incidence of skin tumors in dogs in Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil (2007-2016) / Frequência de dermatopatias tumorais em cães da cidade de Salvador, Bahia (2007-2016)

This study aimed to establish the incidence of skin tumors (cutaneous proliferative lesions of neoplastic or non-neoplastic nature) in dogs diagnosed by histopathological evaluation at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) in a 10-year (2007-2016) historical series. Of the 1945 histopathological diagnoses made in this period, 503 were skin biopsies, and 617 dermatological problems (87 dogs, 17.3%, presented more than one positive diagnosis) were found. Of the 617 diagnoses of dermatopathy, 546 (88.49%) were tumors and 71 (11.51%) were non-tumorous alterations. The 546 conditions more profoundly studied were from 453 dogs, 468 (85.7%) neoplastic and 78 (14.3%) non-neoplastic tumors. The 468 neoplasms were classified as follows: 230 benign (49.14%), 215 malignant (45.94%), 23 borderline (epitheliomas) (4.91%), 51.92% (243/468) mesenchymal, 42.74% (200/468) epithelial, 4.91% (23/468) melanocytic, and 0.43% (2/468) metastatic (mammary gland). The most commonly diagnosed neoplastic dermatopathies were mastocytoma (14.7%) and lipoma (7.48%). Among the 78 non-neoplastic conditions (14.3%), epidermal inclusion cyst (39.74%) and trichogranuloma (15.38%) were the most frequent. Canine dermatopathies accounted for 26% of the biopsy files of the LPV-UFBA. Distinct simultaneous dermatological problems were frequently found in the dogs assessed (one in six). Considering that these conditions can present with different cellular origin and biological behavior, it is crucial that histopathological evaluation be performed in fragments from the different cutaneous lesions.(AU)

Objetivou-se com esse estudo determinar a frequência de dermatopatias tumorais (lesões proliferativas cutâneas que cursam com aumento de volume de natureza neoplásicas ou não neoplásicas) em cães, diagnosticadas por exame histopatológico no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) na série histórica de 10 anos (2007-2016). Dos 1.945 exames histopatológicos realizados no período, 503 tratava-se de biópsias cutâneas, dentre os quais, foram diagnosticados 617 dermatopatias (87 cães, 17,3%, apresentavam mais de um diagnóstico). Dos 617 diagnósticos de dermatopatias 546 (88,49%) foram tumorais e 71 (11,51%) não tumorais. As 546 dermatopatias tumorais, estudadas com mais ênfase, foram diagnosticadas em 453 cães, 468 (85,7%) eram neoplásicas e 78 (14,3%) não neoplásicas. Das 468 dermatopatias tumorais neoplásicas encontradas 230 foram benignas (49,14%), 215 malignas (45,94%), 23 borderline/epiteliomas (4,91%), 51,92% (243/468) de origem mesenquimal, 42,74% (200/468) epiteliais, 4,91% (23/468) melanocíticas e 0,43% (2/468) metastáticas para a pele (primárias de glândula mamária). As dermatopatias neoplásicas mais diagnosticadas foram o mastocitoma (14,7%) e o lipoma (7,48%). Dentre as 78 dermatopatias tumorais não neoplásicas (14,3%), os cistos de inclusão epidermal (39,74%) e o tricogranuloma (15,38%) foram os mais frequentes. As dermatopatias caninas representaram 26% da casuística no LPV/UFBA. A ocorrência de dermatopatias tumorais simultâneas distintas foi comum nos cães desse estudo (um a cada seis); como podem ter origens celulares e comportamentos biológicos diferentes, enfatiza-se a importância da coleta e envio para exame histopatológico de fragmentos das diferentes lesões cutâneas.(AU)

Excess Maternal Thyroxine Alters the Proliferative Activity and Angiogenic Profile of Growth Cartilage of Rats at Birth and Weaning.

Objective The aim of this study was to unravel the mechanisms by which thyroxine affects skeletal growth by evaluating proliferative activity and angiogenic profile of growth cartilage of neonatal and weanling rats. Methods Sixteen adult Wistar rats were equally divided into 2 groups: control and treated with thyroxine during pregnancy and lactation. The weight, measurement of plasma free T4 and thyroids, femurs' histomorphometric analysis, and proliferative activity and angiogenic profile by immunohistochemical or real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in growth cartilage was performed. Data were analyzed using Student's t test. Results The free T4 was significantly higher in the treated rats. However, the height of the follicular epithelium of the thyroid in newborns was significantly lower in the treated group. The excess maternal thyroxine significantly reduced the body weight and length of the femur in the offspring but significantly increased the thickness of trabecular bone and changed the height of the zones of the growth plate. Furthermore, excess maternal thyroxine reduced cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the growth cartilage of newborn and 20-day-old rats ( P < 0.05). There was also a reduction in the immunohistochemical expression of Tie2 in the cartilaginous epiphysis of the newborns and FLK-1 in the articular cartilage of 20-day-old rats. No significant difference was observed in Ang2 expression. Conclusions The excess maternal thyroxine during pregnancy and lactation reduced endochondral bone growth in the progeny and reduced the proliferation rate and VEGF, Flk-1, and Tie2 expression in the cartilage of growing rats without altering the mRNA expression of Ang1 and Ang2.

Excess maternal and postnatal thyroxine alters chondrocyte numbers and the composition of the extracellular matrix of growth cartilage in rats.

Purpose/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of excess maternal and postnatal thyroxine on chondrocytes and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of growth cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 16 adult female Wistar rats divided into two groups: thyroxine treatment and control. From weaning to 40 days of age, offspring of the treated group (n = 8) received L-thyroxine. Plasma free T4 was measured. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on thyroids and femurs of all offspring. Alcian blue histochemical staining and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction measurements of gene expression levels of Sox9, Runx2, Aggrecan, Col I, Col II, Alkaline phosphatase, Mmp2, Mmp9, and Bmp2 were performed. Data were analyzed for statistical significance by student's t-test. RESULTS: Excess maternal and postnatal thyroxine reduced the intensity of Alcian blue staining, altered the number of chondrocytes in proliferative and hypertrophic zones in growth cartilage, and reduced the gene expression of Sox9, Mmp2, Mmp9, Col II, and Bmp2 in the growth cartilage of all offspring. Additionally, excess thyroxine altered the gene expression of Runx2, Aggrecan and Col I, and this effect was dependent on age. CONCLUSIONS: Excess thyroxine in neonates suppresses chondrocyte proliferation, stimulates chondrocyte hypertrophy and changes the ECM composition by reducing the amount of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Prolonged exposure to excess thyroxine suppresses chondrocyte activity in general, with a severe reduction in the proteoglycan content of cartilage and the expression of gene transcripts essential for endochondral growth and characteristics of the chondrocyte phenotype.

Atuação fonoaudiológica em disfunção temporomandibular em dois casos: análise comparativa dos efeitos da terapia tradicional e o uso da bandagem terapêutica associada / Speech therapy in temporomandibular dysfunction in two cases: comparative analysis of the effect of traditional therapy and the use of the therapeutic bandage associated / Actuación fonoaudiológica en trastorno temporomandibular en dos casos: un análisis comparativo de los efectos de la terapia tradicional y del uso de vendaje terapéutico asociado

Objetivo: verificar e comparar os efeitos da terapia fonoaudiológica tradicional e o uso associado da bandagem terapêutica no tratamento de disfunções temporomandibulares musculares em dois casos. Descrição e histórico de procedimentos: O estudo foi composto por dois indivíduos do sexo feminino, ambos com trinta e três anos de idade, diagnosticados com disfunção temporomandibular através do Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. O primeiro indivíduo denominado como TT foi submetido à terapia fonoaudiológica tradicional em disfunção temporomandibular e o segundo indivíduo denominado como TB, além desses mesmos recursos contou com a utilização de bandagem elástica no músculo masseter bilateral. Os seguintes parâmetros foram verificados de forma qualitativa e descritiva: sinais e sintomas, intensidade de dor e amplitude dos movimentos funcionais mandibulares. Resultados: Os sinais e sintomas presentes no início da terapia foram cessados em ambas as terapêuticas. O paciente TB teve o quadro álgico reduzido em um número reduzido de sessões em relação ao seu par. Ambas as terapêuticas mostram-se efetivas quanto ao aumento de excursões mandibulares. Conclusão: A fonoterapia utilizando-se de técnicas tradicionais e a aplicação da bandagem elástica associada a estas demonstram benefícios terapêuticos em sujeitos com disfunção temporomandibular. O uso da bandagem elástica aparenta ter promovido eficiência terapêutica em menor tempo.

Objective: Verify and compare the effects of traditional speech therapy and the associated use of therapeutic bandage for treating muscle temporomandibular disorders in two cases. Description and history of procedures: The study was composed by two female subjects, both thirty-three years old, diagnosed with temporomandibular dysfunction through the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The first person called as TT underwent traditional speech therapy in temporomandibular disorders and the second individual named as TB, in addition to these resources included the use of elastic bandage in bilateral masseter muscle. The following parameters were verified in qualitative and descriptive form: signs and symptoms, pain intensity and range of mandibular functional movements. Results: The signs and symptoms present at the start of therapy ended on both therapies. The TB patient had reduced pain symptoms in a small number of sessions in relation to its pair. Both therapies demonstrated to be effective in increasing mandibular excursions. Conclusion: speech therapy using traditional techniques and application of elastic bandage associated with these demonstrates therapeutic benefits in subjects with temporomandibular disorders. The use of elastic bandage seems to have promoted therapeutic efficiency in less time.

vendaje terapéutico para el tratamiento de trastornos temporomandibulares musculares en dos casos. Descripción de los procedimientos y de la historia: El estudio se ha compuesto por dos individuos de sexo femenino, ambos con treinta y tres años de edad, diagnosticados con disfunción temporomandibular a través del Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. El primer individuo nombrado como TT fue sometido a la terapia fonoaudiológica tradicional para trastornos temporomandibulares y el segundo individuo nombrado como TB, además de estos recursos contó con el uso de una venda elástica en el músculo masetero bilateral. Los siguientes parámetros fueron verificados de forma cualitativa y descriptiva: signos y síntomas, la intensidad del dolor y la amplitud de los movimientos funcionales mandibulares. Resultados: Los signos y síntomas presentes al inicio de la terapia se terminaron en ambas terapias. El paciente TB tubo reducción del dolor en un menor número de sesiones en relación con su pareja. Ambas terapias se han demostrado eficaces en el aumento de las excursiones mandibulares. Conclusión: la fonoterapia utilizando técnicas tradicionales y la aplicación asociada de vendaje elástico, demuestró beneficios terapéuticos en indivíduos con transtorno temporomandibulares. El uso de vendaje elástico parece haber promovido la eficiencia terapéutica en menos tiempo.

Experiência de discentes de enfermagem em metodologias ativas na atividade de ensino docente / Experiencia de discentes de enfermería con metodologías activas en la actividad de la ensenanza docente / Experience of undergraduate nursing students with active methodologies in teaching activity

Objetivo descrever a experiência de graduandas do curso de Enfermagem na atividade de estímulo ao ensino docente, no componente curricular Enfermagem no Cuidado à Criança e ao Neonato — Projeto Permanecer. Método trata-se de um relato de experiência das estudantes sobre a participação nas atividades de estímulo ao ensino docente na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, mediante o uso de metodologias ativas, entre os meses de agosto de 2015 a maio de 2016. Resultados as atividades foram realizadas em diferentes espaços: práticas de laboratório, atividades extracurriculares e participação de uma atividade de extensão, por meio do trabalho em grupo e da problematização. O estímulo ao ensino docente proporcionou às bolsistas o desenvolvimento do senso crítico-reflexivo. Conclusão a experiência proporcionou a fusão de conhecimentos pela elaboração e realização de metodologias ativas e pela convivência com professores e alunos que contribuíram para a formação profissional e consolidaram o desenvolvimento de ações essenciais à vida universitária.

Objetivo describir la experiencia de las graduandas del curso de Enfermería en la actividad del estímulo a la enseñanza docente, en el componente curricular Enfermería del Cuidado al Niño y al Neonato - Proyecto Permanecer. Método se trata de un relato de experiencia de las estudiantes sobre la participación en las actividades de estímulo a la enseñanza docente en la ciudad de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, mediante el uso de metodologías activas, entre los meses de agosto de 2015 a mayo de 2016. Resultados las actividades se realizaron en diferentes espacios: prácticas de laboratorio, actividades extracurriculares y participación en una actividad de extensión, a través del trabajo en equipo y de la problematización. El estímulo a la enseñanza docente proporcionó a las becarias el desarrollo del sentido crítico-reflexivo. Conclusión la experiencia proporcionó la fusión del conocimientos a través de la elaboración y realización de metodologías activas y a través de la convivencia con profesores y alumnos que contribuyeron para la formación profesional y consolidaron el desarrollo de acciones esenciales para la vida universitaria.

Objective To describe the experience of undergraduate students of a nursing course in a teaching stimulating activity of the 'Nursing Care for Child and Neonate Hospitalized' curricular course — "Projeto Permanecer". Method This is an experience report of students about the participation in activities to encourage teaching in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, using active methodologies between August 2015 and May 2016. Results The activities took place in different spaces: laboratory practices, extracurricular activities, and participation in an extension activity, through group work and problematization. The stimulus to teaching provided the scholarship students with the development of critical-reflexive sense. Conclusion The experience enabled the fusion of knowledge through the elaboration and implementation of active methodologies and the coexistence with professors and students who contributed to the professional formation and consolidated the development of actions essential to university life.

Perfil epidemiológico de usuários de um serviço público de nutrição / Epidemiological profile of users of a nutrition public service

A obesidade está associada a comorbidades e agravos como diabetes, hipertensão e dislipidemia. O presente estudo investigou o perfil dos pacientes atendidos pelo serviço de nutrição de uma instituição pública de saúde quanto às variáveis: IMC, idade, gênero, comorbidades, número de refeições diárias e prática de atividade física. Foram analisados 282 prontuários, datados de maio de 2010 a dezembro de 2013, de pacientes do serviço de nutrição de uma policlínica municipal da Bahia. Os resultados mostraram que 15% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 85% do sexo feminino; a faixa etária situou-se entre 18 e 60 anos; 19% estavam com Sobrepeso, 50% com Obesidade e 17% com Obesidade Mórbida. Mulheres apresentaram maior frequência de casos de hipertensão do que homens, sendo que as comorbidades foram mais expressivas na faixa etária de 41 a 60 anos. Esses dados ratificam e delimitam intervenções direcionadas aos problemas mais frequentemente relacionados à obesidade.

Obesity is associated with comorbidities and disorders such as diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the profile of the patients enrolled in the nutrition service of a public health institution in terms of: BMI, age, gender, comorbidities, number of daily meals and physical activity. Were analyzed 282 patients records of the nutrition service of a municipal polyclinic of Bahia, dating from May 2010 to December 2013. The results showed that 15% of patients were male and 85% female; the age was between 18 and 60 years; 19% were overweight, 50% were obese, and 17% were obese morbid. Women had more hypertension than men, and comorbidities were particularly marked in the age group 41-60 years. These data confirm and bounder interventions on those problems most often related to obesity.

Effects of excess maternal thyroxin on the bones of rat offspring from birth to the post-weaning period.

Objective To evaluate, in rat offspring, bone changes induced by excess maternal thyroxin during pregnancy and lactation, and to assess the reversibility of these changes after weaning. Material and methods Twenty Wistar rats were distributed in two groups, hyperthyroid and control, that were treated daily with L-thyroxin (50 mcg/animal) and placebo, respectively. The treatment was initiated seven days before mating and continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. From every female of each of the two groups, two offspring were euthanized after birth, two at 21 days of age (weaning), and two at 42 days of age (21 days after weaning). In newborns, the length of pelvic and thoracic limbs were measured, and in the other animals, the length and width of the femur and humerus were measured. Bones were dissected, decalcified, embedded in paraffin, and analyzed histomorphometrically. Results Excess maternal thyroxin significantly reduced the length of the pelvic limb in neonates. In 21-day-old individuals, excess maternal thyroxine reduced the length and the width of the femur and the humerus. It also increased thickness of the epiphyseal plate and the percentage of trabecular bone tissue. In 42-day-old individuals, there were no significant differences between groups in relation to the parameters evaluated in the previous periods. Conclusion Excess maternal thyroxine reduced growth in suckling rats both at birth and at weaning, and it also increased the percentage of trabecular bone tissue in 21-day-old animals. These changes, however, were reversible at 42 days, i.e., 21 days after weaning. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(2):130-7.

Effects of excess maternal thyroxin on the bones of rat offspring from birth to the post-weaning period

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate, in rat offspring, bone changes induced by excess maternal thyroxin during pregnancy and lactation, and to assess the reversibility of these changes after weaning. Material and methods Twenty Wistar rats were distributed in two groups, hyperthyroid and control, that were treated daily with L-thyroxin (50 mcg/animal) and placebo, respectively. The treatment was initiated seven days before mating and continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. From every female of each of the two groups, two offspring were euthanized after birth, two at 21 days of age (weaning), and two at 42 days of age (21 days after weaning). In newborns, the length of pelvic and thoracic limbs were measured, and in the other animals, the length and width of the femur and humerus were measured. Bones were dissected, decalcified, embedded in paraffin, and analyzed histomorphometrically. Results Excess maternal thyroxin significantly reduced the length of the pelvic limb in neonates. In 21-day-old individuals, excess maternal thyroxine reduced the length and the width of the femur and the humerus. It also increased thickness of the epiphyseal plate and the percentage of trabecular bone tissue. In 42-day-old individuals, there were no significant differences between groups in relation to the parameters evaluated in the previous periods. Conclusion Excess maternal thyroxine reduced growth in suckling rats both at birth and at weaning, and it also increased the percentage of trabecular bone tissue in 21-day-old animals. These changes, however, were reversible at 42 days, i.e., 21 days after weaning. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(2):130-7.

Sanitização de cenoura minimamente processada com nanopartículas de prata / Sanitization of minimally processed carrot with silver nanoparticles

A produção de cenoura em grande escala na região de Rio Paranaíba coloca essa região em posição de destaque no cenário nacional. No entanto, é relatado que ocorre significativa quantidade de sobras após a colheita. O aproveitamento do material descartado na cadeia de alimentos pode se concretizar pelo processamento mínimo, como uma alternativa de agregação de valor. A etapa de sanitização é de extrema importância durante a produção de vegetais minimamente processados. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se estudar o efeito antimicrobiano de nanopartículas de prata na sanitização de cenoura minimamente processada, obtida a partir do aproveitamento das sobras de cenouras da colheita da cidade de Rio Paranaíba, bem como o estudo da termodinâmica de adesão de diferentes estirpes bacterianas na superfície da cenoura sanitizada. Observou-se que as nanopartículas de prata (6mg L-1)apresentaram bons resultados, quando comparadas aos sanitizantes hipoclorito de sódio (100mg L-1) e dicloroisocianurato de sódio (150mg L-1), na descontaminação da cenoura minimamente processada sobre microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios; Pseudomonasspp.; bactérias láticas; e coliformes a 35ºC. Verificou-se também que a superfície da cenoura apresenta características hidrofílicas que podem dificultar a adesão bacteriana. Esse fato foi confirmado na avaliação de termodinâmica de adesão, que foi desfavorável paraStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia colie Listeria innocua, sendo mais desfavorável para as interações envolvendo as superfícies de cenoura sanitizadas com nanopartículas de prata.(AU)

The carrot production on a large scale in the region of Rio Paranaiba places the region in a prominent position on the national scene. However, it is reported that a significant amount of scraps occurs after harvest. The use of discarded material in the food chain can be realized by minimal processing, as an alternative of adding value. A sanitization step is very important during the production of minimally processed vegetables. In this context, this research aimed to study the antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles in the sanitization of minimal processing carrot from discarded carrot harvested at Rio Paranaiba city, as well as study the thermodynamics adhesion for different bacterial strains in sanitized carrot surface. It was observed that silver nanoparticles (6mg L-1) showed good results when was compared to sodium hypochlorite (100mg L-1) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (150mg L-1) in reducing populations of aerobic mesophilic microorganism;Pseudomonasspp. lactic acid bacteria and coliforms at 35ºC present in carrot. It was also found that the surface of carrot has hydrophilic characteristics which can prevent bacterial adhesion. This fact was confirmed that thermodynamic evaluation of adhesion that was unfavorable for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliand Listeria innocua, and more thermodynamically unfavorable for interactions involving carrot surfaces sanitized with silver nanoparticles.(AU)

Sanitização de cenoura minimamente processada com nanopartículas de prata / Sanitization of minimally processed carrot with silver nanoparticles

A produção de cenoura em grande escala na região de Rio Paranaíba coloca essa região em posição de destaque no cenário nacional. No entanto, é relatado que ocorre significativa quantidade de sobras após a colheita. O aproveitamento do material descartado na cadeia de alimentos pode se concretizar pelo processamento mínimo, como uma alternativa de agregação de valor. A etapa de sanitização é de extrema importância durante a produção de vegetais minimamente processados. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se estudar o efeito antimicrobiano de nanopartículas de prata na sanitização de cenoura minimamente processada, obtida a partir do aproveitamento das sobras de cenouras da colheita da cidade de Rio Paranaíba, bem como o estudo da termodinâmica de adesão de diferentes estirpes bacterianas na superfície da cenoura sanitizada. Observou-se que as nanopartículas de prata (6mg L^-1)apresentaram bons resultados, quando comparadas aos sanitizantes hipoclorito de sódio (100mg L^-1) e dicloroisocianurato de sódio (150mg L^-1), na descontaminação da cenoura minimamente processada sobre microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios; Pseudomonasspp.; bactérias láticas; e coliformes a 35ºC. Verificou-se também que a superfície da cenoura apresenta características hidrofílicas que podem dificultar a adesão bacteriana. Esse fato foi confirmado na avaliação de termodinâmica de adesão, que foi desfavorável paraStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia colie Listeria innocua, sendo mais desfavorável para as interações envolvendo as superfícies de cenoura sanitizadas com nanopartículas de prata.

The carrot production on a large scale in the region of Rio Paranaiba places the region in a prominent position on the national scene. However, it is reported that a significant amount of scraps occurs after harvest. The use of discarded material in the food chain can be realized by minimal processing, as an alternative of adding value. A sanitization step is very important during the production of minimally processed vegetables. In this context, this research aimed to study the antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles in the sanitization of minimal processing carrot from discarded carrot harvested at Rio Paranaiba city, as well as study the thermodynamics adhesion for different bacterial strains in sanitized carrot surface. It was observed that silver nanoparticles (6mg L^-1) showed good results when was compared to sodium hypochlorite (100mg L^-1) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (150mg L^-1) in reducing populations of aerobic mesophilic microorganism;Pseudomonasspp. lactic acid bacteria and coliforms at 35ºC present in carrot. It was also found that the surface of carrot has hydrophilic characteristics which can prevent bacterial adhesion. This fact was confirmed that thermodynamic evaluation of adhesion that was unfavorable for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliand Listeria innocua, and more thermodynamically unfavorable for interactions involving carrot surfaces sanitized with silver nanoparticles.