RESUMEN
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway plays an important role in a number of processes that are key to tumor progression, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastatic spread, and inhibition of apoptosis. EGFR is expressed or overexpressed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and EGFR-mediated growth has been associated with advanced disease and poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. ZD1839 (Iressa) is an orally active, selective EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks EGFR signal transduction. In preclinical studies using NSCLC cell lines, ZD1839 has been shown to inhibit tumor cell growth. In addition, ZD1839, as monotherapy and in combination with commonly used cytotoxic agents, has produced growth delay in NSCLC human xenografts. Preliminary results from phase I trials in patients with advanced disease have shown that ZD1839 has excellent bioavailability, an acceptable tolerability profile, and promising clinical activity in patients with a variety of tumor types, particularly in NSCLC. ZD1839 is currently in phase III clinical development for the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Estrés Psicológico/etiología , Veteranos , Guerra , Canadá/epidemiología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Personas con Discapacidad , Miedo , Humanos , Medio Oriente , Política , Investigación , Factores de Riesgo , Síndrome , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , United States Department of Veterans Affairs , Veteranos/psicologíaRESUMEN
The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) is one of the nation's military universities, with the mission to educate and motivate cadets to be career Air Force officers. This diverse population arrives at the USAFA with varying immunization records and disease histories. A review of USAFA cadet medical records identified an alarming cost of treating a simple, preventable, generally childhood disease: chickenpox. In July 1995, a cost-benefit analysis was performed on the use of varicella vaccine among cadets and preparatory school students at the USAFA. Based on this analysis, the USAFA implemented a strategy of serologic screening and vaccination. Although this study does not establish causation, follow-up data showed a dramatic decrease in cases, associated hospitalizations, and therefore costs during the first year after implementation. Fiscal projections indicate that these costs savings should increase through year 4 of the program and continue thereafter. At year 4, the total cadet population will have been serologically screened and/or vaccinated against chickenpox.