[Renal pseudotumor secondary to acute pancreatitis. Report of one case]. / Pseudotumor renal secundario a pancreatitis aguda. A propósito de un caso.

We present the case of a renal pseudotumor corresponding to a esteatonecrotic granuloma, secondary to an enolic acute pancreatitis a few months ago. The main caractheristics, diagnosis and terapeuthics of the renal pseudotumors are discussed with the case report of a 60 year old man who presents a renal mass founded incidentally at a control computed tomography.

Pseudotumor renal secundario a pancreatitis aguda. A propósito de un caso / Renal pseudotumor secondary to acute pancreatiti. A case report

Se presenta el caso de un pseudotumor renal correspondiente a un granuloma este atonecrótico, secundario a una pancreatitis aguda enólica en los meses previos. Las características de los pseudotumores renales, su diagnóstico y la actitud terapéutica son discutidos con el caso de un varón de 60 años que presenta una masa renal hallada incidentalmente en una tomografia computerizada abdominal (AU)

We present the case of a renal pseudotumor corresponding to a esteatonecrotic granuloma, secondary to an enolic acute pancreatitis a few months ago. The main caractheristics, diagnosis and terapeuthics of the renal pseudotumors are discussed with the case report of a 60 year old man who presents a renal mass founded incidentally at a control computed tomography (AU)

[Calyceal fistula in a renal allograft treated with N-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate]. / Fístula calicilar en injerto renal tratada con N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate.

BACKGROUND: Calyceal fistulas are common and difficult to treat after surgery of urinary collecting system. METHODS: A 30-year old woman. The fifth day after receiving a cadaver donor renal allograft presented an acute rejection episode; fourteen days later presented an urinoma treated with a percutaneous drainage tube. Five days later surgical exploration was made, lower pole infarction and ischemic necrosis of distal ureter were found. Parcial nephrectomy and neo-ureterovesical anastomosis were performed. Later, an inferior calyceal fistula was evidenced, persisting during several weeks in spite of a percutaneous drainage tube. Under fluoroscopic guidance the fistulous tract was embolized with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. RESULTS: The fluoroscopic control confirmed the total closure of the fistula. After 22 months no reappearance of the fistula, no stenosis has been shown at this level. CONCLUSIONS: This is a useful technique for the treatment of calyceal fistulas. This is the first time that N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is use in the treatment of a calyceal fistula.

Fístula calicilar en injerto renal tratada con n-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate / Calyceal fistula in a renal allograft treated with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las fístulas calicilares son frecuentes y difíciles de tratar después de la cirugía del sistema colector del tracto urinario. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Paciente mujer de 30 años de edad. El quinto día después de recibir un injerto renal procedente de cadáver, presentó un urinoma que se trató inicialmente con un drenaje percutáneo. Cinco días después se llevó a cabo exploración quirúrgica, evidenciando infarto polar inferior del injerto y necrosis isquémica distal del injerto. Se realizó entonces una nefrectomía parcial y reimplantación ureteral. Posteriormente se evidenció la presencia de fístula a nivel calicilar inferior del injerto, que persistió durante varias semanas a pesar de correcto drenaje percutáneo. Bajo control fluoroscópico el trayecto fistuloso fue embolizado exitosamente con N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. RESULTADOS: El control fluoroscópico confirmó el cierre total de la fístula. Después de 22 meses de seguimiento no se ha demostrado reaparición de la fístula ni presencia de estenosis a este nivel. CONCLUSIÓN: Esta es una técnica útil en el tratamiento de las fístulas calicilares. Esta es la primera vez que el N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate es utilizado en el tratamiento de fístulas calicilares (AU)

[Vasculo-renal disease]. / Patologia vásculo-renal.

UNLABELLED: The kidney as an apo-exocrine organ has two important functions: the control of homeostasis and arterial blood pressure. Any pathological disorders witch alters the renal blood flow results in two consequences: renovascular hypertension and renal insufficiency. Renal revascularization looks for with priority the improvement of renal function; the good response and control of hypertension shall come after. The goals of this paper is to actualize the sophisticated diagnostic methods (Angiography, Eco-Doppler, AngioCT, AngioMR, Angioscopy; and the use of contrast potential-mediums), functionality tests (RN and MR with Captopril) and management (Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, simple or covered Stents, Embolizations, Occlusive balloons, Fibrinolysis and Trombus Aspiration; direct Arterial Surgery and renal Autotransplantation) of different renovascular diseases. (Blunt renal injuries, Stenosis, Aneurysms. A-V fistuls, Acute Occlusions or arterial and venous, Thrombosis. Nutcraker Syndrome). The possibility of the presence of an inverse venous Fraley's Syndrome is presented and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: A controversy of the last technical methods are established and discussed and a Guideline is recommended for each renal vascular disease.

Lesión peneana y uretral por anillo metálico. Reconstrucción con colgajo radial libre / Penile and urethral injury by methalic ring. Reconstruction using a forearm free flap

Se describe el caso de un paciente con lesión peneana grave ocasionada por un anillo metálico alojado durante 48 horas en la base peneana que cursó con sección parcial de uretra peneana y necrosis isquémica de la práctica totalidad del recubrimiento cutáneo del pene y dartos. Fue solucionado mediante una exéresis quirúrgica de todo el tejido necrótico en una primera instancia y posterior reconstrucción utilizando un colgajo radial anastomosado a los vasos epigástricos caudales, utilizando piel lampiña de la cara anterior del antebrazo en la uretroplastia. Los resultados estéticos y funcionales que se obtienen son exitosos (AU)

Pseudoaneurisma iliaco en injerto renal no funcionante tras diez años de su embolización / Iliac pseudoaneurysm in non-funtioning kidney allograft after ten years or empboliation

Los pseudoaneurismas arteriales son una complicación infrecuente en el trasplante renal. Según su localización se dividen en intrarrenales y extrarrenales. Los primeros se relacionan con la práctica de biopsias percutáneas del injerto. Los segundos se asocian a defectos de la anastomosis vascular o infección del lecho quirúrgico, presentándose por ello de forma relativamente precoz. Presentamos el caso de un pseudoaneurisma iliaco en un injerto renal afuncionante embolizado 10 años antes. Este tipo de patología, por la gravedad clínica que condiciona, precisa de tratamiento quirúrgico urgente (AU)

[Partial nephrectomy in renal cell carcinoma]. / Nefrectomía parcial en el carcinoma de células renales.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) represents 3% of all neoplasm. The growing incidental diagnosis of small renal tumor has allowed the application of nephron sparing surgery (NSS), even in those cases with a normal contralateral kidney. We present the results of NSS at our center in the last decade. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all NSS that were made at our center in cases of renal masses. Difference is made between elective surgery (tumors less than 4 cm with a normal contralateral kidney) and obligatory surgery (all other cases). RESULTS: From 1990 since 2000 a total of 65 NSS were made from a total of 436 surgeries for renal tumors (14.9%). In 22 patients NSS was obligatory, while in 43 was elective. Mean (SD) age was 59.1 years (+/- 11.7), mean tumor size 3.4 cm (+/- 1.4), mean hospital staying was 9.2 days (+/- 7). Renal normothermic ischaemia was use during surgery in all cases, with a mean ischaemic time of 25.7 min. Nine tumors (13.8%) were benign. Morbidity: 10.8%. Mortality: 1.5%. The cancer specific survival at 36 months of follow-up (mean 37.4) is 98.4% and global survival is 90.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Nephron Sparing Surgery is a valid alternative in the treatment of RCC, specially for tumors less than 4 cm in diameter and having a normal contralateral kidney; NSS is also an effective technique for patients bearing renal tumors in a solitary kidney.

[Incidence and treatment of urinary lithiasis in renal transplantation]. / Incidencia y tratamiento de la litiasis urinaria en el injerto renal.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary calculi is an uncommon complication in kidney transplantation; several stone risk factors are found in transplanted patients, but in most cases there is not a relationship between these risk factors and stone formation. The treatment of these patients is complex due to their both immunosuppressive status and border-line renal function. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From 1980 to February 2000, 1198 kidney transplant have been performed in our institution. We describe our series consisting in 22 urinary calculi (15 in the graft, 3 in the urether and 4 in the bladder) in 18 patients, including 7 stones detected in cadaveric donor patients. RESULTS: We performed external shock wave lithotripsy in 7 patients, bench surgery in 4, endoscopic mechanic lithotripsy in 5, open surgery in 1 and observation in 6. Calcium oxalate (mono and dihidrate) was found in 9 of 13 calculi. Metabolic changes were found in 15 of the 18 patients, the most common was hiperuricemia. There were not complications of every treatment applied and 9% of them needed a savage treatment. We found recurrence in 4 cases (22.2%). Now 12 of the patients are stone-free (66.7%) and three have non-significative stones (83.3% without symptoms). CONCLUSIONS: Detection of renal calculi in cadaveric renal donors is not a reason to refuse the graft for further transplantation. In both renal calculi up to 2 cm and uretheric calculi surgical treatment is assessed as first option. In caliceal stones smaller than 5 mm observations is the best treatment.

Nefrectomía parcial en el carcinoma de células renales / Nephron sparing surgery in renal cell carcinoma

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: El carcinoma de células renales representa el 3 por ciento de todas las neoplasias. El incremento del diagnóstico incidental de tumores pequeños ha favorecido la aplicación de técnicas de cirugía renal conservadora aún en pacientes con riñón contralateral normal. Nos interesa analizar de los resultados de la aplicación de la cirugía parcial por tumor renal en la última década. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo de todas las cirugías parciales por tumor renal. Se diferencia entre cirugía electiva (menos de 4 cm con riñón contralateral normal) y cirugía obligada (el resto de los casos). RESULTADOS: Desde 1990 hasta 2000 se han efectuado 65 cirugías parcelares sobre 436 intervenciones por masa renal (14,9 por ciento). 43 pacientes tenían indicación electiva y 22 obligada. Edad media 59,1 años (desviación standard: 11,7), tamaño medio del tumor 3,4 (ñ 1,4 cm), se requirieron una media de 9,2 (ñ 7) días de ingreso. Se utilizó isquemia renal normotérmica en todos los casos con un tiempo de isquemia medio de 25,7 min. Nueve tumo-res (13,8 por ciento) fueron benignos. Morbilidad: 10,8 por ciento y mortalidad: 1,5 por ciento. Seguimiento medio: 37,4 meses. A los 3 años la supervivencia cáncer-específica es 98,4 por ciento y la supervivencia global 90,3 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía parcial renal en el tratamiento del tumor renal es una alternativa válida para tumo-res de menos de 4 cm, exorenales con riñón contralateral normal, igualmente es una técnica efectiva y resolutiva para aquellos pacientes monorenos o con riesgo de insuficiencia renal en el post-operatorio (AU)

Incidencia y tratamiento de la litiasis urinaria en el injerto renal / Incidence and treatment of urinary calculi in the renal graft

INTRODUCCIÓN: La litiasis urinaria es una complicación infrecuente del trasplante renal; diversos factores de riesgo se han encontrado en pacientes trasplantados renales, pero en muchos casos no hay una relación entre estos factores de riesgo y la formación del cálculo. El tratamiento de estos pacientes es complejo debido a su estado de inmunosupresión y su función renal límite. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Desde 1980 hasta febrero de 2000 se han llevado a cabo 1.198 trasplantes renales en nuestro centro. Describimos nuestra serie, que consiste en 22 cálculos (15 en el injerto, 3 en el uréter y 4 en la vejiga) en 18 pacientes, incluyendo 7 litiasis diagnosticadas en el donante cadáver. RESULTADOS: Se practicó litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque (LEOC) en 7 ocasiones, cirugía en banco en 4, litotricia mecánica endoscópica en 5, cirugía abierta en 1 y actitud expectante en 6. Los cálculos contenían oxalato cálcico (mono o dihidrato) en 9 de los 13 analizados. Aparecieron alteraciones metabólicas en 15 de los 18 pacientes, la más común fue la hiperuricemia. No han aparecido complicaciones del tratamiento y en dos litiasis (9 por ciento) fue necesario un tratamiento de rescate. Cuatro cálculos recidivaron (22,2 por ciento). Están libres de litiasis 12 pacientes (66,7 por ciento) y 3 con litiasis clínicamente no significativas (83,3 por ciento asintomáticos). CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de litiasis en el donante renal cadáver no es una razón para rechazar el injerto para el trasplante. En el tratamiento de los cálculos renales mayores de 2 cm y ureterales, debe valorarse el tratamiento quirúrgico como primera opción. En los cálculos calicilares menores de 5 mm la abstinencia terapéutica es la actitud recomendable (AU)

[Penile and urethral lesion caused by metallic ring. Reconstruction with radial free flap]. / Lesión peneana y uretral por anillo metálico. Reconstrucción con colgajo radial libre.

We report a case of a man with a severe penile injure caused by a metallic ring placed in the penile shaft for 48 hours, it coursed with partial urethral section and ischemia of the whole penile skin and dartos. It was solved with surgical excision of all death tissue and posterior reconstruction using a forearm free flap, the vascular supply came from epigastric vessels, we used hair-free skin from forearm for the urethroplasty. Ethetic and functional results obtained are successful.

[Iliac pseudoaneurysm in non-functioning renal graft 10 years after embolization]. / Pseudoaneurisma iliaco en injerto renal no funcionante tras diez años de su embolización.

The arterial pseudoaneurysms are an infrequent complication or renal transplantation. Depending on her localization, are divided in intra and extrarenal. The first are relacionated with the practice of percutaneous needly biopsy. The seconds are associated with defects of vascular anastomose or infection onsurgical area (with relative precocious presentation). Presentation of case of a iliac pseudoaneurysm in non-functional kidney allograft embolizated ten years before. This pathology, for this clinic gravity, requires urgent surgical treatment.

[Pelvic lipomatosis: clinical review and report of 4 new cases]. / Lipomatosis pélvica: revisión clínica y aportación de cuatro nuevos casos.

First described by the end of the fifties, pelvic lipomatosis is an uncommon disease that develops as a result of an excessive proliferation of benign fat tissue within the perivesical and perirectal spaces. The compressive effect on the urinary, and to a lesser degree, the digestive and vascular structures result in the well-known symptoms. Diagnosis is reached through X-ray studies, primarily computerised tomography. Contribution of four new cases in young males diagnosed through imaging studies as well as biopsies in three of them. Evolution has been varying, with medical control of symptoms in two cases and renal function impairment due to upper obstructive uropathy in the other two.

Lipomatosis pélvica: revisión clínica y aportación de cuatro nuevos casos / Pelvic lipomatosis: clinical review and contribution of four new cases

Descrita a finales de la década de los cincuenta, la lipomatosis pélvica es una infrecuente entidad patológica caracterizada por la proliferación excesiva de tejido adiposo benigno en los espacios perivesical y perirrectal. Los efectos compresivos sobre las estructuras urinarias, y en menor medida, digestivas y vasculares originan la sintomatología. Los estudios radiológicos y, especialmente la tomografía axial computerizada, nos permiten el diagnóstico. Presentamos cuatro nuevos casos en varones jóvenes diagnosticados mediante estudio imagen, así como biopsias en tres de ellos. La evolución ha sido desigual, con control sintomático bajo tratamiento médico en dos casos y deterioro de la función renal por uropatía obstructiva alta en los otros dos (AU)

Donantes de edad avanzada y transplante renal doble / Older donors and double kidney transplant

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[Preservation by pulsatile perfusion machine: the initial experience]. / Preservación mediante maquina de perfusión pulsátil: experiencia inicial.

The increasing numbers of patients in a waiting list for a renal transplantation together with the epidemiological changes in donor's characteristics have given rise to a growing interest in preservation with pulsatile perfusion machines. The availability of objective predictive parameters of renal functioning after transplantation as well as of improving preservation to reduce the incidence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are the major features of this preservation technique. This paper presents our experience in preservation with pulsatile perfusion machines which have allowed us to have objective parameters to assess an organ's future functioning and to improve, as far as possible, the quality of treated kidneys preservation.

[Mesoblastic nephroma in the adult. Report of a case]. / Nefroma mesoblástico del adulto. A propósito de un caso.

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma is a benign renal tumour of uncertain histogenesis and characteristic histology that can be mistaken with Wilms' tumour and other mesenchymal neoplasias. It is nearly always diagnosed in the early months of life, and its presentation in adults and older children is very rare. Its benign behaviour justifies the diagnostic significance mainly to avoid over-treatment. This paper presents one case of mesoblastic nephroma in a 17-year old female which appeared as a large abdominal mass. The therapeutic approach was radical nephrectomy and, after a 2-year follow-up, the patient has been found to be disease free.

[Renal hematoma after shockwave extracorporeal lithotripsy]. / Hematomas renales tras litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque.

OBJECTIVE: Renal haematomas after shock wave extracorporeal lithotripsy (SWEL) represent a potentially serious complication. This paper examines those cases of post-SWEL renal haematoma seen in our Centre, analyzing the likely risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between May 1988 and June 1996, 12,800 patients were treated with 15100 lithiasis at some level of the urinary tract requiring 16,000 SWEL sessions. All treatments were done with a Dornier HM-4 lithotripter. Voltage applied ranged from 18 to 26 Kv, averaging 2500 waves/session. Complementary testing (ultrasound/computerised tomography) was requested immediately after treatment if clinical complications were suspected. RESULTS: A total of 10 renal haematomas (0.078%) were diagnosed. Six cases were mild, but 4 presented extensive haematoma with significant haemodynamic consequence. Although in one case nephrectomy was undertaken to control haemorrhage, death finally occurred by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Four patients who developed haematoma were hypertensive and 3 had a previously corrected haemostasis alteration. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of renal haematoma should be taken into account in the face of persistent and unjustified pain after SWEL treatment. Normalization of blood pressure values, correction of urinary infection as well as adequate correction of haemostatic disorders is advisable.