Treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and poor performance status: current evidence and challenges.

Patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer live for a median of three years when treated with standard therapies. While the evidence guiding cancer-directed treatment of this disease comes from phase III trials that have mostly enrolled patients with good performance status, some patients present with poor clinical conditions. The best treatment for these patients remains to be determined. We performed a systematic review of the treatment outcomes of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and poor performance status, defined as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2. Eligible articles were prospective or retrospective studies or case reports published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and the Cochrane Library from onset until October 2017 using specific keywords for each search. We found a total of 18 publications, mostly case reports and retrospective studies (14 articles). One was an uncontrolled prospective trial, two were observational studies and one was an individual patient meta-analysis. Although some studies suggested benefits in terms of symptomatic response with standard chemotherapy, with good safety profiles when dose-reduced regimens were administered, a true survival gain could not be demonstrated. The scientific evidence for treating metastatic colorectal cancer patients with poor performance status is scarce, and more studies evaluating treatment for this population are necessary since this condition is not uncommon in clinical practice, particularly in the public healthcare system and developing countries and among destitute populations.

Treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and poor performance status: current evidence and challenges

Patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer live for a median of three years when treated with standard therapies. While the evidence guiding cancer-directed treatment of this disease comes from phase III trials that have mostly enrolled patients with good performance status, some patients present with poor clinical conditions. The best treatment for these patients remains to be determined. We performed a systematic review of the treatment outcomes of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and poor performance status, defined as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2. Eligible articles were prospective or retrospective studies or case reports published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and the Cochrane Library from onset until October 2017 using specific keywords for each search. We found a total of 18 publications, mostly case reports and retrospective studies (14 articles). One was an uncontrolled prospective trial, two were observational studies and one was an individual patient meta-analysis. Although some studies suggested benefits in terms of symptomatic response with standard chemotherapy, with good safety profiles when dose-reduced regimens were administered, a true survival gain could not be demonstrated. The scientific evidence for treating metastatic colorectal cancer patients with poor performance status is scarce, and more studies evaluating treatment for this population are necessary since this condition is not uncommon in clinical practice, particularly in the public healthcare system and developing countries and among destitute populations.

Análise do infarto do miocárdio com ênfase no supradesnivelamento do segmento ST e Escores / Myocardial infarction analysis based on ST-segment elevation and scores

Esta revisão é dedicada às principais questões relativas às alterações do segmento ST durante o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), que podem ser estimadas a partir de eletrocardiograma (ECG). São discutidos o diagnóstico, o prognóstico, o tratamento e as desvantagens associadas a esta metodologia. Por fim, as principais avaliações quantitativas do IAM com base nas modificações do ECG são comparadas e discutidas no contexto dos sistemas de telemedicina.

This review focuses on the major issues regarding ST segment abnormalities during acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which may be estimated from electrocardiogram (ECG) tests. Diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and the drawbacks associated to this methodology are discussed. Finally, the major AMI quantitative assessments based on ECG deviations are compared and discussed in the context of telemedicine systems.

[Analysis of electrocardiographic recordings associated with acute myocardial infarction]. / Análise de registros eletrocardiográficos associados ao infarto agudo do miocárdio.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate correlations between variations in eletrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Use of a low-cost software to digitalize printed and/or ".pdf" file format ECG recordings. Calculation of ST-segment area and amplitudes of the J and Y points. RESULTS: The amplitude of the Y point holds maximum correlation with troponin concentration. ST-segment elevation is not a good statistical indicator of myocardial infarction severity. There is a strong negative correlation between the amplitude of the J point and the amount of magnesium ions, but no statistical correlation with sodium or calcium ions. Neither method for calculating the ST-segment area (pixel counts and interpolation) indicated any significant differences in the results. CONCLUSION: The software used proved to be functional and cost-effective. Y point amplitude is a sensitive marker of myocardial infarction, and is also a calculation method both simpler to use and less subject to error than the calculation of the ST-segment elevation area.

Análise de registros eletrocardiográficos associados ao infarto agudo do miocárdio / Analysis of electrocardiographic recordings associated with acute myocardial infarction

OBJETIVO: Avaliar correlações entre as variações do eletrocar¡diograma (ECG) e o infarto agudo do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Uso de software de baixo custo para digitalização de ECG impressos e/ou em formato "pdf". Cálculo de área do segmento ST e das amplitudes dos pontos J e Y RESULTADOS: A amplitude do ponto Y possui máxima correlação com a concentração da enzima troponina. O supradesnivelamento do segmento ST não se constitui bom indicador estatístico da gravidade do infarto. Existe uma forte correlação negativa entre a amplitude do ponto J e a quantidade de íons magnésio, mas nenhuma correlação estatística com os íons sódio ou cálcio. Os dois métodos de cálculo da área do segmento ST (contagem de pixels e interpolação) não mostraram diferenças significativas nos resultados. CONCLUSÃO: O software utilizado mostrou-se viável do ponto de vista econômico e funcional. A amplitude do ponto Y é um marcador sensível à ocorrência do infarto, tendo cálculo mais simples e menos sujeito a erros do que o cálculo da área de supradesnivelamento do segmento ST.