RESUMEN
Introdução: As características ideais dos braquetes ortodônticos são alto potencial anticorrosivo, baixa concentração de níquel, boa dureza, curvatura da base adequada, paredes das canaletas lisas e ainda se constituirem em monobloco. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características químicas, físicas e metalográficas do braquete Roth Max, a fim de verificar os seus benefícios na clínica ortodôntica. Métodos: Foram utilizados dois conjuntos de braquetes ortodônticos. A análise química foi realizada através de três métodos: espectrometria, combustão e leitura por meio de infravermelho e nitrogênio total. A análise metalográfica foi realizada por meio de microscopia óptica, força atômica e magnética e ferritoscopia. A análise física foi realizada por meio de microdureza vickers. Resultados: A análise química mostrou a seguinte composição: Cr- 17%; Mn- 10.8%; Mo- 3.2%; C- 0.65%; N- 0.18%; Cu- 0.1%; Ni- 0.1%; Al- 0.1%; Co- 0.016%; Zn- 0.003%; Pb- 0.004%; Ti- 0.004%; Sn- 0.005% e V- 0.007%. Na análise metalográfica foi observada ausência de solda, presença de poros, estrutura duplex (ferrita e austenita). Na análise física, as médias das microdurezas na secção longitudinal foram de 242 HV1 (base), 213 e 212 HV1 (aletas). Na secção frontal foi de 217 HV1 (base). Conclusões: O teor de carbono excedeu o limite máximo indicado para os aços duplex. Os teores de nitrogênio e molibdênio elevaram o potencial anticorrosivo. A microdureza foi considerada eficiente para a clínica ortodôntica. A análise metalográfica não encontrou presença de solda, mas evidenciou uma grande quantidade de poros e heterogeneidade na microestrutura entre as frações volumétricas de ferrita e austenita.(AU)
Introduction: Ideal characteristics of orthodontic brackets include high anti-corrosive potential, high nickel concentration, good hardness, adequate base curvature, smooth channel walls, and their monoblock form. The present study aimed to analyze the chemical, physical and metallographic characteristics of the Roth Max bracket to verify its benefits in orthodontic clinic. Methods: Two orthodontic bracket sets were used. Chemical analysis was performed using three methods: spectrometry, combustion, and scanning through infrared and total nitrogen. Metallographic analysis was performed by optical microscopy, atomic and magnetic force and ferrite measurement. Physical analysis was conducted using vickers microhardness. Results: Chemical analysis showed the following composition: Cr- 17%, Mn- 10.8%, Mo-3.2%, C- 0.65%, N- 0.18%, Cu- 0.1%, Ni- 0.1%, Al- 0.1%, Co- 0.016%, Zn- 0.003%, Pb- 0.004%, Ti- 0.004%, Sn- 0.005%, and V- 0.007%. Metallographic analysis presented absence of welding, the presence of pores, and a duplex structure (ferrite and austenite). In the physical analysis, microhardness averages in the longitudinal section were 242 HV1 (base), and 213 and 212 HV1 (flaps). In the front section, it was 217 HV1 (base). Conclusions: The carbon content exceeded the maximum limit indicated for duplex steels. Nitrogen and Molybdenum raised the anti-corrosive potential. Microhardness was considered efficient for orthodontics clinics. Metallographic analysis found no evidence of welding, but it did find a large quantity of pores and heterogeneity in the microstructure between the ferrite and austenite volumetric fractions.(AU)
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Soportes Ortodóncicos , Corrosión , MicroscopíaRESUMEN
We evaluated the relationship between the trace elements copper, zinc and selenium and the response to the Montenegro skin test (MST) in 172 volunteers vaccinated against American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The MST diameter was categorized as negative and in quartiles of positive response, constituting five groups. Trace element serum levels were analyzed by coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, with study subjects classified into two groups depending on low or high levels of trace elements observed. MST-positive subjects had an MST diameter (mean+/-SD) of 10.35+/-4.64mm, with copper, selenium and zinc serum levels of 1433.7+/-665.7microg/l, 88.6+/-39microg/l and 999.2+/-366microg/l, respectively. The MST diameter was significantly different in the selenium groups only. The selenium levels also differed with the quartiles of the MST diameters of individuals testing positive (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that trace elements, particularly selenium, should be measured in future vaccine trials so that vaccine immunogenicity and response can be assessed and compared between different studies.