Treatment of unstable spinopelvic fractures: outcome of three surgical techniques-a retrospective single-center case series.

PURPOSE: The aim of our retrospective study is to analyze how spinopelvic dissociations (SPDs) were treated in a single center trying to better understand how to improve surgical and non-surgical options. METHODS: Twenty patients of a single center surgically treated for SPDs between 2013 and 2021 were retrospectively included in this study. Three surgical techniques have been used: modified triangular stabilization, triangular stabilization and double iliac screws stabilization. Follow-up was assessed for up to 11.6 ± 9.9 months through ODI, MRS, NRS, IIEF or FSFI, a CT scan and whole spine X-ray examination. RESULTS: Twenty patients were admitted to our ER for traumatic spinopelvic dissociation. Surgical treatment for spinopelvic dissociation has been performed on average 11.5 ± 6.7 days after the trauma event. Eighteen fractures were C3 type and two C2 types. Neurological examination showed nerve root injury (N2) in 5 patients, incomplete spinal cord injury (N3) in 4 patients and cauda equina syndrome in two patients (N4). In case of neurologic deficits, routinary nerve decompression was performed. Three different surgical techniques have been used: 8 triangular fixations (Group 1), 6 modified triangular stabilization (Group 2) and 6 double iliac screws triangular fixation (Group 3). CONCLUSION: In patients with post-traumatic neurological deficit, decompression surgery and fracture reduction seem to be associated with clinical improvement; however, sexual disorders seem to be less responsive to the treatment. Some open stabilization techniques, such as the double iliac screw, could help in restoring the sagittal balance in case of severe deformities.

Unusual exophytic subependymoma in the bulbo-cerebellar angle. Case report.

Subependymoma was first described by Scheinker in 1945; it frequently occurs in the ventricles and rarely in the spinal canal representing 0.7% of all central nervous system tumours. Most of these intraventricular tumours are subclinical entities, remaining of small size and discovered at autopsy with 0.4%incidence. We report a case of subependymoma with a completely exophytic growth from the foramen of Luscka: only a similar one has been described in the literature but with a lesser cysternal involvement. Neuroradiological and anatomopathological features of subependymoma are discussed.

Genomic gain at 6p21: a new cryptic molecular rearrangement in secondary myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization characterized 6p rearrangements in eight primary and in 10 secondary myeloid disorders (including one patient with Fanconi anemia) and found different molecular lesions in each group. In primary disorders, 6p abnormalities, isolated in six patients, were highly heterogeneous with different breakpoints along the 6p arm. Reciprocal translocations were found in seven. In the 10 patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS), the short arm of chromosome 6 was involved in unbalanced translocations in 7. The other three patients showed full or partial trisomy of the 6p arm, that is, i(6)(p10) (one patient) and dup(6)(p) (two patients). In 5/7 patients with unbalanced translocations, DNA sequences were overrepresented at band 6p21 as either cryptic duplications (three patients) or cryptic low-copy gains (two patients). In the eight patients with cytogenetic or cryptic 6p gains, we identified a common overrepresented region extending for 5-6 megabases from the TNF gene to the ETV-7 gene. 6p abnormalities were isolated karyotype changes in four patients. Consequently, in secondary AML/MDS, we hypothesize that 6p gains are major pathogenetic events arising from acquired and/or congenital genomic instability.

Retrieval of broken pedicle screws by "friction" technique. Technical note.

The authors describe a simple and fast technique for removal of deeply situated broken pedicle screw fragments. The screw fragments are removed using a fine-serrated, conically cored bit with a light rough inner surface that is mounted on a common slow-speed drill capable of rotating clockwise and counterclockwise. The cored head of the bit is pressed and engaged on the cut surface of the broken screw, and the drill is made to turn in counterclockwise rotation; this, by means of friction, causes the two surfaces to interlock, and consequently the broken screw fragment backs out. This technique was used to retrieve both broken titanium and stainless steel screws, and satisfying results were obtained. There were no complications associated with the application of the technique, and the pedicle as well as the screw hole were always preserved, offering, in the event that the vertebral instability continued, the possibility of applying a new screw of slightly larger diameter at the same screw hole. This technical application offers the opportunity of removing deeply situated screw fragments by using a simple technique while maintaining the vertebral pedicle and screw-hole integrity.

Fatty acid dietary intake and the risk of ischaemic stroke: a multicentre case-control study. UFA Study Group.

A low dietary intake of unsaturated fatty acids has been found in male patients with stroke as compared with controls in Italy, and a high consumption of meat has been associated with an increased risk of stroke in Australia. We present a case-control study, comparing the unsaturated and saturated fatty acids content of red cell membranes (which reflects the dietary intake of saturated and unsaturated fats) in 89 patients with ischaemic stroke and 89 controls matched for age and sex. In univariate analysis, besides hypertension, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic changes in ECG and hypercholesterolaemia, stroke patients showed a lower level of oleic acid (P = 0.000), but a higher level of eicosatrienoic acid (P = 0.009). Conditional logistic regression (dependent variable; being a case) showed that the best model included atrial fibrillation, hypertension, oleic acid and eicosatrienoic acids. These results confirm a possible protective role of unsaturated fatty acids against vascular diseases; however, we did not find any difference in the content of omega3 acids, which have been considered in the past to protect against coronary heart disease. We conclude that the preceding diet of patients with ischaemic stroke may be poor in unsaturated fatty acids (namely, oleic acid), and this defect is independent of other vascular risk factors. Only further studies will show whether changes in diet and/or supplement of unsaturated fatty acids might reduce the incidence of ischaemic stroke.

Spinal meningiomas in pregnancy: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Although meningiomas of the spinal district are frequently found, first presentation of these growths during pregnancy is extremely rare. Few cases have been reported in the literature up to now. In a series of 122 spinal meningiomas operated-on at our institution over the period 1962-1994, first neurological symptoms and signs became evident during pregnancy in two cases. Considering this noteworthy, the hydrodynamic and hormone-mediated mechanisms regarding meningioma growth during pregnancy and a review of the pertinent literature are discussed.