Effectiveness of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Evolution Using In Vivo and In Vitro Studies: A Systematic Review.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of liver abnormalities, from benign steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Because of their antioxidant capabilities, CeNPs have sparked a lot of interest in biological applications. This review evaluated the effectiveness of CeNPs in NAFLD evolution through in vivo and in vitro studies. Databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were looked for studies published between 2012 and June 2023. Quality was evaluated using PRISMA guidelines. We looked at a total of nine primary studies in English carried out using healthy participants or HepG2 or LX2 cells. Quantitative data such as blood chemical markers, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative status were obtained from the studies. Our findings indicate that NPs are a possible option to make medications safer and more effective. In fact, CeNPs have been demonstrated to decrease total saturated fatty acids and foam cell production (steatosis), reactive oxygen species production and TNF-α (necrosis), and vacuolization in hepatic tissue when used to treat NAFLD. Thus, CeNP treatment may be considered promising for liver illnesses. However, limitations such as the variation in durations between studies and the utilization of diverse models to elucidate the etiology of NAFLD must be considered. Future studies must include standardized NAFLD models.

[Fewer hours of sleep associated with increased body weight in chilean university nutrition students]. / Menos horas de sueño asociado con sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes de nutrición de una universidad chilena.

The aim of the study was to determine the association between fewer hours of sleep and excess weight/obesity in first- to fourth-year nutrition students at Universidad de San Sebastian in Chile. A total of 635 students were evaluated, of whom 86.4% were women. The Pittsburg sleep survey was administered to each student along with an anthropometric evaluation, and the body mass index of each was calculated. A raw and adjusted analysis of logistic regression was performed. A total of 57.1% of students slept less than the recommended amount. Sleeping less was associated with excess weight or obesity in the model adjusted for age and daytime sleepiness (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.84; 95% CI, 1.26-2.68), and adjusted for age, smoking, dairy, fruit, and legume consumption; and daytime sleepiness (aOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.29-2.76). There is an association between fewer hours of sleep and higher body mass in this population; this should be considered in excess weight prevention.

[Not Available]. / Asociación entre autopercepción de imagen corporal y patrones alimentarios en estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética.

Objetivo: asociar patrones alimentarios con la autopercepción del estado nutricional en estudiantes universitarios chilenos de Nutrición y Dietética.Material y métodos: estudio transversal en el que se evaluó a 634 estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética, de los cuales un 86,4% eran mujeres. A cada alumno se le mostraron siete modelos anatómicos correspondientes a valores de índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 18, 22, 25, 27, 30, 35 y 40 kg/m2. Cada estudiante debía elegir el modelo con el que mejor se identificaba. Posteriormente, se realizó la evaluación antropométrica, se calculó el IMC real comparándolo posteriormente con el IMC percibido, y finalmente se le aplicó una encuesta alimentaria.Resultados: se observa que los sujetos que sobreestiman su peso presentan un menor porcentaje de cumplimiento en el consumo de frutas y verduras al día; en cambio, el mayor porcentaje de sujetos que sigue las recomendaciones se encuentra en el grupo que se ve igual. Hay unaasociación entre una buena percepción de la imagen corporal y el consumo de 3 o más porciones de frutas al día OR = 0,554 (IC 95%; 0,360-0,852), 2 o más porciones de verduras al día OR = 0,438 (IC 95%; 0,283-0,678) y un consumo de alcohol menor de una vez a la semanaOR = 0,451 (IC 95%; 0,270-0,752).Conclusión: los estudiantes que registran una ingesta adecuada de verduras y frutas autodefinen su alimentación como saludable e ideal y tienden a autopercibirse coherentemente en relación con su estado nutricional; además, estos sujetos son los que presentan una ingesta menor de alimentos poco saludables.

Menos horas de sueño asociado con sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes de nutrición de una universidad chilena / Fewer hours of sleep associated with increased body weight in chilean university nutrition students

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación entre menor número de horas de sueño y sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes de nutrición de primero a cuarto año, de la Universidad San Sebastián en Chile. Se evaluaron 635 estudiantes, de los cuales el 86,4% fueron mujeres. A cada estudiante se aplicó la encuesta de sueño de Pittsburg, una evaluación antropométrica y se calculó el índice de masa corporal. Se realizaron análisis de regresión logística crudo y ajustado. El 57,1% de estudiantes duerme menos de lo recomendado. Dormir menos se asocia con sobrepeso u obesidad en el modelo ajustado por edad y somnolencia diurna (ORa: 1,84; IC 95%: 1,26-2,68) y ajustado por edad, consumo de tabaco, lácteos, frutas, verduras, leguminosas, somnolencia diurna (ORa: 1,83; IC 95%: 1,29-2,76). Existe asociación entre menos horas de sueño y mayor peso corporal en esta población, siendo un factor que considerar en la prevención de sobrepeso.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to determine the association between fewer hours of sleep and excess weight/obesity in first- to fourth-year nutrition students at Universidad de San Sebastian in Chile. A total of 635 students were evaluated, of whom 86.4% were women. The Pittsburg sleep survey was administered to each student along with an anthropometric evaluation, and the body mass index of each was calculated. A raw and adjusted analysis of logistic regression was performed. A total of 57.1% of students slept less than the recommended amount. Sleeping less was associated with excess weight or obesity in the model adjusted for age and daytime sleepiness (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.84; 95% CI, 1.26-2.68), and adjusted for age, smoking, dairy, fruit, and legume consumption; and daytime sleepiness (aOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.29-2.76). There is an association between fewer hours of sleep and higher body mass in this population; this should be considered in excess weight prevention.

[FOOD PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH A HEALTY BODY WEIGHT IN CHILEAN STUDENTS OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS]. / PATRONES ALIMENTARIOS ASOCIADOS A UN PESO CORPORAL SALUDABLE EN ESTUDIANTES CHILENOS DE LA CARRERA DE NUTRICIÓN Y DIETÉTICA.

OBJETIVE: to determine food patterns and its association with the consumption of various foods with nutritional status of Chilean university students of Nutrition and Dietetics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: cross-sectional study, 634 students were evaluated Nutrition and Dietetics at the Universidad San Sebastián, of Santiago, Concepción, Valdivia and Puerto Montt. Each student a food survey was applied and an anthropometric assessment. RESULTS: 68% of students eat breakfast daily, 36.1% and 37.1% consume the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables, 64.9% consume soft drinks frequently. A positive association was observed between an adecuated weight and the fact of eat vegetables (≥ 2 servings/day) OR = 0.662 (0.440 to 0.996), whole grains OR = 0.474 (0.224 to 1.002), low consumption of fried and sweet snack OR = 0.643 (0.406 to 1.019) and OR = 0.545 (0.360 to 0.825) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: students have an insufficient intake of healthy foods and a high intake of unhealthy foods, also shows that the intake of vegetables, whole grains, low consumption of fried foods and sweet snacks are associated with a normal nutritional status among students evaluated.

Objetivo: determinar los patrones de alimentación y asociar el consumo de diversos alimentos con el estado nutricional de estudiantes universitarios chilenos de Nutrición y Dietética. Material y métodos: estudio transversal. Se evaluaron 634 estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad San Sebastián de las ciudades de Santiago, Concepción, Valdivia y Puerto Montt. A cada estudiante se le aplicó una encuesta alimentaria y se le realizó una evaluación antropométrica. Resultados: el 68% de los estudiantes consume desayuno diariamente, 36,1% y 37,1% consume las porciones recomendadas de frutas y verduras, el 64,9% consume bebidas azucaradas frecuentemente. Se observa una asociación entre un buen peso corporal y el consumo de verduras (≥ 2 porciones/día) OR = 0,662 (0,440-0,996), alimentos integrales OR = 0,474 (0,224-1,002) y un bajo consumo de frituras y snack dulces OR = 0,643 (0,406- 1,019) y OR = 0,545 (0,360-0,825), respectivamente. Conclusiones: los estudiantes presentan una ingesta insuficiente de alimentos saludables y un elevado consumo de alimentos poco saludables, además se observa que la ingesta de verduras y cereales integrales, así como un bajo consumo de frituras y bocadillos dulces se asocian a un estado nutricional normal en los estudiantes evaluados.