[FEDERAL CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS].

The purpose of development of this clinical practice guidelines was to provide evidence-based protocols that help the practitioner and the patient make the right decision for the health assessment, treatment and prevention of pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis is the interstitial lung disease of occupational origin caused by prolonged inhalation of inorganic dust, characterized by chronic diffuse aseptic inflammation in lung tissue with the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Currently, thereare no treatment that provide a cure pulmonary fibrosis and changes in the dynamics of decline in lung function. Regular, individually tailored treatment should be directed to the pathogenic mechanisms and some clinical symptoms of pneumoconiosis, as well as the prevention of complications. To enhance the effect of pharmacotherapy is recommended to use non-drug therapies that enhance the functionality of the respiratory system.

[Industrial medicine in production and processing of alloys based on copper].

In copper alloys production, workers engaged into the process are exposed to occupational hazards with leading one being high-dispersed dust of complex chemical composition. The workers of main occupations demonstrate increased prevalence of respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, peripheral nervous system disorders - that necessitates implementation of complex measures both in improvement of work conditions and in medical prophylaxis.

[Improvement in methodology of occupational risk evaluation].

The authors suggest to supplement a method evaluating individual occupational risk with tree blocks of occupational and non-occupational risk factors: index of sanitary legislation requirements fulfilment according to experts evaluation; lifestyle index with individual biologic and behavioral risk factors consideration; index of social well-being, considering social economic and social psychologic risk factors at workplace.

[THE RISK OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL CHRONIC FLUORIDE POISONING].

On the basis of individual occupational fluoride loads (IOFN) it was established that under current levels of air pollution of the working area by fluorine compounds, occupational fluorosis can occur in mostly sensitive workers with 66 or more years of accumulated period of work, while the most vulnerable are workers with of 9.4 or more years of accumulated period of work. The results obtained in comparison of clinical data with individual fluoride load, testify that in the high-risk group for the development of occupational fluoride intoxication include workers with an average accumulated period of work of 10.5 years or more and Individual Occupational Fluoride Load (IOFL) as 67,7 or more grams. In the high-risk group there are included workers with an average accumulated period ofwork of 13.7 years and IOFL as 89.8 grams or more. With the use of ultrasound densitometry there was revealed a clear cut dynamics of the increase of the speed of ultrasonic wave with the rise in the accumulated period of work at the plant, which indicates to a gradual increase in bone tissue density.

[COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMMUNE PROFILE OF METALLURGICAL WORKERS EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT CHEMICAL FACTORS OF PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT].

There was performed a comparative analysis of the parameters of humoral immunity factors and topical immunity of 3000 workers of metallurgical enterprises exposed to effects of industrial mixts of different composition. Under exposure to aerosols with weak fibrogenic action there is observed simultaneous decrease of the number T-cytotoxic lymphocytes, and the increase of the number of T-helper cells, as under the influence of aerosols of complex composition (contains compounds with fibrogenc action--Silicon and irritants--nitrogen dioxide, sulfur there are formed signs of hyperergic immune response with the activation of humoral compartment, T-helper cells, and the inhibition of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Aerosols with fibrogenic action have the most pronounced suppressive effect on topical immunity

[ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT OF THE CHEMICAL RISK AND ITS PREVENTION IN MANUFACTURE OF REFRACTORIES USING ORGANIC BINDER].

Assessment of the occupational chemical risk of new industries and the development of measures for its mitigation is a priority task to ensure chemical safety in Russia. There was performed the assessment of the chemical risk in the manufacture of new types of refractories--periclase-carbon refractories, using organic binder) on the base of data of hygiene studies, indices of morbidity rates in workers and also of the investigation of the impact of such refractory dust on laboratory animals (intratracheal introduction). The main factors for chemical risk to the workers' health are magnesium oxide, volatile products of phenol-formaldehyde resins, silicon-containing dust, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and in the use of a binder "Carbores"--benzo (a) pyrene and pitch cokes of the carbon dust. In employees of such industry there is recorded the elevated morbidity rate of diseases of upper respiratory rates. Dust of this type has on the body of animals general toxic and mild fibrogenic effect. According to the results of the assessment of the chemical risk measures have been developed for its mitigation in the workplace.

[MEDICAL AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR REDUCING CHEMICAL OCCUPATIONAL RISKS IN THE PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM ALLOYS].

An innovative approach in the prevention and rehabilitation of workers employed in the production of titanium alloys envisages the implementation of targeted multi-stage rehabilitation measures in groups with high occupational risk.

[ANALYSIS OF THE METHODIC APPROACHES TO THE OCCUPATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION].

This study is devoted to the practice of the application of the current legislative regulatory and procedural base for the occupational health and safety issues. The issues of the occupational risks assessment at the enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region are discussed Approaches to the creation of the occupational risk management and assessment systems are proposed.

[Evaluation of aerogenic occupational health risk for workers engaged into periclase-carbon refractories production].

The work is aimed to evaluate aerogenic occupational health risk for workers engaged into preparation and formation of technologic mass in periclase-carbon refractories production, using organic binding agent according to criteria R 2.2.2006-05 and R 2.2.1716-03. Occupational dust is a complicated chemical mixture containing manganum oxide, phenol, formaldehyde, aerosols containing silicon, benzpyrene (if "Carbores" binding agent used). Hygienic evaluation revealed occupational health risk due to occupational dust at workplaces of runners operator, press operator, batching feeder, crane operator. Aerogenic occupational risk at workplace of grinder operator is assessed as negligibly small (tolerable). Experimental and epidemiologic studies prove probable (proof category 1B) occupational risk of respiratory disease at the studied production.

[Occupational health risk assessment for workers in pipe rolling production].

Certification of workplaces, monitoring of work conditions, information on number and occupational morbidity in 42 occupations at 10 occupational areas in pipe rolling workshop helped to evaluate occupational risk for the workers' health. Prior estimate based on integral evaluation of work conditions revealed 5 risk categories--from minor to extremely high. Unbearable occupational risk was determined mostly by the workers' exposure to occupational noise. The occupations of extremely high risk were characterized by prevalent exposure to one of the factors corresponding to class 4, and by combined exposure to several factors with high hazard degree with working conditions classes 3.4-4. Posterior estimate demonstrated occupations with proven risk of neurosensory deafness and registered medium occupational risk of dust diseases. In the course of occupational risk evaluation, the authors revealed the occupations necessitating complex programs and specific measures to lower occupational risk.

[Problem connected with specification of hygienic norms for aerosols containing nanoparticles].

With rapid development of nanotechnologies, with wide industrialization and using new nanomaterials, necessity is to approve norms for workplace air with consideration of nanoparticles presence. Major goal for norms creation is unified and technologic methods for selection, separation and identification of nanoparticles in environment. Besides that, review and specification of integrated mechanisms to define and set concentrations of chemical hazards at international level.

[Aerogenic risk factors and diagnosis of bauxite pneumoconiosis].

The research purpose is an estimation of influence of the bauxite dust on the state of the bronchopulmonary system of workers. It has been indicated that exposure of the poor fibrogenic dust while the process of the bauxite ore extraction, results in development of pnevmokoniosis characterized by substantial ventilatory and haemodynamic disorders limiting the workability of patients.

[Individual and group occupational risk evaluation in metallizers in the process of covering titanium half-finished products with aluminum].

A purpose of this research is individual and group occupational risk evaluation at metallizers workplaces of titanium alloys production in the process of covering the titanium half-finished products with aluminum. The occupational risk has been estimated according to the hygienic criteria of Guide "P 2.2.2006-05", "P 2.2.1766-03", the individual occupational risk has been estimated according to the method, elaborated in Research Institute for Occupational Medicine of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and Klin Institute of Work Conditions and Safety. The authors have established that the labor conditions correspond to the classes 2-3.1 in respect of air temperature, class 3.1--illumination, classes 3.3-3.4--noise. Assessing in general, with account of combined influence of the occupational hazards, the conditions have been attributed to 3-4 degrees of 3 class of harmful working conditions, that conform to the high and very high occupational risk levels. The individual occupational risk of the metallizers is characterized by the gradations from the average to very high one, the integral individual occupational risk for the group of metallizers as a whole has been estimated as the high one. Essential distinctions in the individual occupational risks should be considered while working out improving and rehabilitation actions.

[Emerging issues concerning hygiene in the Russian aluminum industry].

In this study the data of multiyear investigations of occupational and environmental hazards at different enterprises of the Russian aluminum industry are presented. Basing on these data, we have been elaborated the algorithm and methodological approaches on management of the occupational and ecology-related risks using hygienic safety criteria, risk evaluation technique, epidemiological and economic analysis.

[Issues of occupational health in the aluminium plant with superpower equipment].

Purpose of the research is to provide a hygienic assessment of working conditions at aluminum plants equipped with Central working prebaked (CWPB) cells operating at currents of 330 kA. The studies have indicated that the leading occupational exposures, the levels of which exceed the national standards, are: fluorine compound in the air of work area; unfavorable microclimate, constant magnetic field, the severity of the labour. According to the general hygienic assessment, with account of combined influence harmful occupational factors, the working conditions are attributed to 1-2 degrees of the 3 class of harmful working conditions, that conform to the small (moderate) and significant occupational risk.

[Combined effects of aluminium and immobilization stress on the reproductive system of male rats].

The evaluation of the isolated and combined effects of aluminum and immobilization stress on the reproductive system of male laboratory rats has been performed. We have established the influence of these factors on spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis: the development of degenerative processes in the testes, on specific hormonal status, apoptosis, increasing abnormal forms of epididymal sperms and reducing their mobility, and on the growth of early embryonic losses. Neither synergistic nor antagonistic effect in the combined aluminum and the stress action has been found.

[Regional "occupational medicine" system--effective model of occupational risks evaluation and management].

Sverdlovsk regional government specified and approved a concept of diversified system "Occupational medicine" to preserve and improve health of workers in Sverdlovsk region. Implementation of the concept enables to put new organizational approaches into practice for improved management of available medical care for all workers, for increased quality of this care, for better clinical work and better health of economically active population in Sverdlovsk region.

[Assessment and management of risk to the working population's health in the occupational medicine system].

The multidisciplinary harmonized "Occupational Medicine" system established in the Sverdlovsk Region makes it possible, firstly, to analyze and assess occupational risks at both the regional and municipal levels; secondly, at each of the above level, to take specific managerial decisions including the packages of organizational, informational, preventive, and other measures to minimize risks on the cost-benefit basis.

[Topical aspects of occupational hygiene in the manufacture of novel types of periclase carbon refractory bricks].

Comprehensive hygienic studies conducted at the Pervouralsk plant of refractory materials at the section of spinel periclasocarbonated refractory materials in the workshops for preparing and pressing refractory mass have shown that silicon-containing dust that is a mixture of various chemicals entering the air of a working area. In the refractory mass preparation workshop, the concentrations of a number of substances, such as magnesium oxide, phenol, formaldehyde, exceed their maximum allowable levels. In the pressing workshop, the workers are exposed to high noise levels. The working process in the study workshops is considered to be rough labor.

[Topical problems of preliminary, periodic and additional medical examinations of workers exposed to hazardous and/or dangerous occupational environment, in accordance with occupational risk factors].

The article covers main problems encountered during preliminary, periodic and additional medical examinations of workers exposed to hazardous and/or dangerous occupational environment. The authors suggested main approaches to the solutions.