Mini DNA barcodes reveal the details of the foraging ecology of the largehead hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus (Scombriformes: Trichiuridae), from São Paulo, Brazil

The largehead hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus, is an opportunistic, voracious, and piscivorous predator. Studies of fish feeding behavior based on the analysis of stomach contents are limited by the potential for the visual identification of the ingesta. However, molecular tools, in particular DNA barcoding, have been used successfully to identify stomach contents. When morphological analyses are not possible, molecular tools can precisely identify the components of the diet of a fish based on its stomach contents. This study used mini barcoding to identify food items ingested by T. lepturus off the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Forty-six sequences were obtained and were diagnosed as belonging to six different fish species: Pimelodus maculatus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Opisthonema oglinum, Harengula clupeola, and Pellona harroweri or as belonging to the genera Lycengraulis and Sardinella. Trichiurus lepturus is an opportunistic predator that will exploit an available prey of an appropriate size. The results indicate that these fish migrate to warmer waters, such as those found in estuarine environments, at certain times of the year, where they exploit prey species that reproduce in this environment. One example was Pimelodus maculatus, which was the prey species most exploited based on the analysis of the material collected.(AU)

O peixe-espada, Trichiurus lepturus, é um predador oportunista, voraz e piscívoro. Os estudos do comportamento alimentar dos peixes com base na análise do conteúdo estomacal são limitados pelo potencial de identificação visual do material ingerido. No entanto, ferramentas moleculares, em particular o DNA barcode, têm sido utilizadas com sucesso para identificar o conteúdo do estômago. Quando as análises morfológicas não são possíveis, essas ferramentas moleculares podem identificar com precisão os componentes da dieta de um peixe com base em seu conteúdo estomacal. Este estudo utilizou o mini barcode (uma sequencia parcial do gene COI do DNA mitocondrial) para identificar alimentos ingeridos por T. lepturus no litoral Norte do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Quarenta e seis sequências foram obtidas e combinadas com seis espécies diferentes de peixes: Pimelodus maculatus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Opisthonema oglinum, Harengula clupeola e Pellona harroweri ou como pertencente aos gêneros Lycengraulis e Sardinella. Trichiurus lepturus é um predador oportunista que explora qualquer presa disponível que possua tamanho apropriado. Os resultados indicam que esses peixes migram para águas mais quentes em determinadas épocas do ano, como as encontradas em ambientes estuarinos, onde exploram espécies que se reproduzem neste ambiente. Um exemplo foi Pimelodus maculatus, sendo a espécie mais explorada por T. lepturus, a partir da análise do material coletado.(AU)

Genetic diversity in two threatened species of guitarfish (Elasmobranchii: Rhinobatidae) from the Brazilian and Argentinian coasts: an alert for conservation

The guitarfishes Pseudobatos horkelii and Pseudobatos percellens meet the criteria for threatened status as Critically Endangered (CR) and Endangered (EN), respectively. Both species occur in the Southern Atlantic Ocean. Considering the lack of data on the genetic structure of these species, the present study evaluated the genetic variability and population structure of the P. horkelii and P. percellens in the southern region of Brazil and the northern coast of Argentina, based on sequences of mitochondrial DNA, Control Region (D-loop). Samples of P. horkelii (n = 135) were analyzed in six localities situated in Northern Argentina, along the Brazilian states' coast. The mean of nucleotide diversity was 0.0053, the ΦST was 0.4277 and demographic analysis of P. horkelii suggests the existence of stability of the populations, with D = 0.9929, FS = 2.0155, SSD = 0.0817, R = 0.2153. In P. percellens (n = 101) were analyzed from six Brazilian localities along the coast of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo. The mean nucleotide diversity was 0.0014 and ΦST value of 0.2921, the demographic analysis indicates a high migration rate of P. percellens among the localities evaluated, with D = 0.5222, FS = 0.3528, SSD = 0.01785, R = 0.3890.(AU)

As raias violas Pseudobatos horkelii e Pseudobatos percellens, são listados como "Criticamente em Perigo" (CR) e "Em Perigo" (EN), respectivamente. Ambas as espécies ocorrem no Sul do Oceano Atlântico. Considerando a falta de dados sobre a estrutura genética dessas espécies, o presente estudo avaliou a variabilidade genética e a estrutura populacional de P. horkelii e P. percellens na região sudeste do Brasil e litoral norte da Argentina, com base em sequências de DNA mitocondrial, região de controle (D-loop). Amostras de 135 indivíduos de P. horkelii analisados em seis localidades, situadas no norte da Argentina e ao longo da costa dos estados brasileiros. A média da diversidade nucleotídica foi de 0.0053, o índice ΦST foi de 0.4277 e a análise demográfica de P. horkelii, indicou a existência de estabilidade das populações, com D = 0.9929, Fus = 2.0155, SSD = 0.0817, R = 0.2153. Em 101 exemplares de P. percellens, foram analisados em seis localidades brasileiras ao longo do litoral de Santa Catarina, Paraná e São Paulo. A diversidade nucleotídica média foi de 0.0014 e o valor ΦST de 0.2921, a análise demográfica indicou uma alta taxa de migração de P. percellens entre as localidades analisadas, com D = 0.5222, FS = 0.3528, SSD = 0.01785, R = 0.3890.(AU)

Genetic diversity assessment for the vulnerable migratory cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus (Myliobatiformes: Rhinopteridae) from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

ABSTRACT Rhinoptera bonasus is a bento-pelagic and highly migratory species occurring from southern United States to northern Argentina. Due to overfishing effects, R. bonasus is currently at risk, classified by the IUCN Red List as vulnerable. Considering the lack of molecular data available for R. bonasus, this study aimed to describe the genetic variability and population structure of specimens sampled from three Brazilian coast ecoregions (Amazon ecoregion, Pará; Northeastern ecoregion, Pernambuco and Southeastern ecoregion, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina), through five polymorphic microsatellite markers. Here testing the panmixia hypothesis for Brazilian ecoregions and test natal philopathy. A total of 69 analyzed specimens revealed individual and significant genetic differentiation between the sampled locations. ST (0.12), PCA, DAPC and Bayesian analyses of the genetic population structure revealed at least two distinct genetic R. bonasus groupings. IBD tests were significant, indicating a correlation between genetic and geographical distance among populations, which can be explained by reproductive philopatric behavior. Philopatric behavior associated with R. bonasus mobility may influence the differentiation values observed for all loci in the investigated samples.

RESUMO Rhinoptera bonasus é uma espécie bento-pelágica e altamente migratória, que ocorre do sul dos Estados Unidos ao norte da Argentina. Devido aos efeitos da sobrepesca, R. bonasus está atualmente em risco, classificada pela Lista Vermelha da IUCN como vulnerável. Considerando a falta de dados moleculares disponíveis para R. bonasus, este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a variabilidade genética e estrutura populacional de espécimes amostrados em três ecorregiões do litoral brasileiro (Ecorregião Amazônica, Pará; Ecorregião Nordeste, Pernambuco e Ecorregião Sudeste, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Santa Catarina), por meio de cinco marcadores microssatélites polimórficos. Assim, testaremos as hipóteses de panmixia e filopatria natal. Um total de 69 espécimes analisados revelou diferenciação genética individual e significativa entre os locais amostrados. As análises de ST (0,12), PCA, DAPC e Bayesiana revelaram pelo menos dois agrupamentos genéticos distintos de R. bonasus. Os testes de IBD foram significativos, indicando uma correlação entre a distância genética e geográfica entre as populações, o que pode ser explicado pelo comportamento filopátrico reprodutivo. O comportamento filopátrico associado à mobilidade de R. bonasus pode influenciar os valores de diferenciação observados para todos os loci nas amostras investigadas.

Genetic diversity in two threatened species of guitarfish (Elasmobranchii: Rhinobatidae) from the Brazilian and Argentinian coasts: an alert for conservation

The guitarfishes Pseudobatos horkelii and Pseudobatos percellens meet the criteria for threatened status as Critically Endangered (CR) and Endangered (EN), respectively. Both species occur in the Southern Atlantic Ocean. Considering the lack of data on the genetic structure of these species, the present study evaluated the genetic variability and population structure of the P. horkelii and P. percellens in the southern region of Brazil and the northern coast of Argentina, based on sequences of mitochondrial DNA, Control Region (D-loop). Samples of P. horkelii (n = 135) were analyzed in six localities situated in Northern Argentina, along the Brazilian states' coast. The mean of nucleotide diversity was 0.0053, the ΦST was 0.4277 and demographic analysis of P. horkelii suggests the existence of stability of the populations, with D = 0.9929, FS = 2.0155, SSD = 0.0817, R = 0.2153. In P. percellens (n = 101) were analyzed from six Brazilian localities along the coast of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo. The mean nucleotide diversity was 0.0014 and ΦST value of 0.2921, the demographic analysis indicates a high migration rate of P. percellens among the localities evaluated, with D = 0.5222, FS = 0.3528, SSD = 0.01785, R = 0.3890.(AU)

As raias violas Pseudobatos horkelii e Pseudobatos percellens, são listados como "Criticamente em Perigo" (CR) e "Em Perigo" (EN), respectivamente. Ambas as espécies ocorrem no Sul do Oceano Atlântico. Considerando a falta de dados sobre a estrutura genética dessas espécies, o presente estudo avaliou a variabilidade genética e a estrutura populacional de P. horkelii e P. percellens na região sudeste do Brasil e litoral norte da Argentina, com base em sequências de DNA mitocondrial, região de controle (D-loop). Amostras de 135 indivíduos de P. horkelii analisados em seis localidades, situadas no norte da Argentina e ao longo da costa dos estados brasileiros. A média da diversidade nucleotídica foi de 0.0053, o índice ΦST foi de 0.4277 e a análise demográfica de P. horkelii, indicou a existência de estabilidade das populações, com D = 0.9929, Fus = 2.0155, SSD = 0.0817, R = 0.2153. Em 101 exemplares de P. percellens, foram analisados em seis localidades brasileiras ao longo do litoral de Santa Catarina, Paraná e São Paulo. A diversidade nucleotídica média foi de 0.0014 e o valor ΦST de 0.2921, a análise demográfica indicou uma alta taxa de migração de P. percellens entre as localidades analisadas, com D = 0.5222, FS = 0.3528, SSD = 0.01785, R = 0.3890.(AU)

Growth and derived life-history characteristics of the Brazilian electric ray Narcine brasiliensis.

The majority of batoids are listed as Threatened (20.4%) or Data Deficient (41%) by the IUCN Red List. A key challenge to assessing Data-Deficient species is obtaining estimates of key life-history characteristics. Here, a Bayesian approach was used to estimate derived life-history characteristics from a growth model applied to the Data-Deficient Brazilian electric ray Narcine brasiliensis. The age of 170 specimens (107 females, 63 males) was estimated from vertebral centra, and total length, disc width, total weight and birth size were used in a joint estimation of sex-specific length-weight models and two-dimensional von Bertalanffy growth models. Estimates of age at length zero, age at maturity, longevity and mortality at age were derived simultaneously. The Bayesian joint modelling approach was robust to small sample sizes by adding a likelihood to constrain L0 and sharing parameters, such as Brody growth coefficient between length measurements. The median growth parameter estimates were a shared L0 = 38.8 mm, female L∞ = 515 mm, 𝑘 = 0.125 and male L∞ = 387 mm, 𝑘 = 0.194. Age at maturity was estimated to be 7.40-7.49 years for females and 4.45-4.47 years for males, whereas longevity was 22.5-22.6 years for females and 14.2 years for males depending on length measurement. Age-1 natural mortality was estimated to be 0.199-0.207 for females and 0.211-0.213 for males. The derived life-history characteristics indicate N. brasiliensis is earlier maturing, but slower growing relative to other Torpediniformes. These characteristics along with the species' endemism to southern Brazil and high by-catch rates indicate that one of the IUCN Red List threatened categories may be more appropriate for the currently Data-Deficient status. The Bayesian approach used for N. brasiliensis can prove useful for utilizing limited age-growth data in other Data-Deficient batoid species to inform necessary life characteristics for conservation and management.

Morphological and histochemical characterization of the digestive tract of the puffer fish Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae).

Morphological analysis of the digestive tract of Sphoeroides testudineus showed an esophagus with an anterior and a posterior portion, the abdominal pouch. No stomach was observed between the abdominal pouch and the intestine. The intestine was arranged in three segments and two loops, and the distal portion had the rectum opening into the anus. Histochemical analyses showed that the esophagus secreted acid mucosecretions, and that there was a qualitative increase in goblet cells from the proximal to distal area of the intestine. The rectum showed cells secreting acid and neutral mucus. Given these features, this species presents a morphology which creates a link between its ecology and behavior.

Artisanal fishery off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (PE) / A pesca artesanal no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (PE)

Artisanal fishing is one of the main economic activities of Brazilian fishing communities and major source of animal protein for many families. These communities living in direct contact with the natural environment and economically dependent on natural resources can provide important information for the design of conservation and management proposals aimed at sustainability. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize artisanal fisheries and socio-economic aspects of artisanal fishermen of Fernando de Noronha / PE. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. 62 fishermen were interviewed and the results showed that artisanal fishing is practiced for own consumption or as a source of income. epending on the priority areas for conservation, fishing area is one of the biggest conflicts recorded in the archipelago. In the search for supplementary income, parallel activities, especially related to tourism, has been developed. The corrico is the most used gear and has low environmental impact, and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and the black jack (Caranx lugubris) are the species more caught species. Larger and more powerful vessels allow fishing in more remote locations, and not using ice on fish conservation was evident. Data indicate the importance of developing a plan for shared management of resources, resulting in the appreciation of artisanal fishermen and thesustainability of fisheries.(AU)

A pesca artesanal é uma das principais atividades econômicas de comunidades pesqueiras brasileiras e importante fonte de proteína animal para muitas famílias. Estas comunidades que vivem em contato direto com o ambiente natural e dependem economicamente dos recursos naturais podem fornecer informações importantes para o delineamento de propostas de conservação e manejo visando à sustentabilidade. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a pesca artesanal e os aspectos socioeconômicos dos pescadores artesanais de Fernando de Noronha/PE. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Foram entrevistados 62 pescadores e os resultados demonstraram que a pesca artesanal é realizada para consumo próprio ou como fonte de renda. Em função das áreas prioritárias para conservação, a área de pesca é um dos maiores conflitos verificados no arquipélago. Na busca pela complementação da renda, atividades paralelas, principalmente ligadas ao turismo, vêm sendo desenvolvidas. O corrico é o petrecho mais utilizado e tem baixo impacto ambiental, sendo a albacora (Thunnus albacares) e o xaréu-preto (Caranx lugubris) as espécies mais capturadas. Embarcações maiores e mais potentes permitem a pesca em locais mais afastados, e o não uso de gelo na conservação do pescado foi evidenciado. Os dados indicam a importância daelaboração de um plano para gestão compartilhada dos recursos, resultando na valorização do pescador artesanal e a sustentabilidade da atividade pesqueira.(AU)

Artisanal fishery off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (PE) / A pesca artesanal no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (PE)

Artisanal fishing is one of the main economic activities of Brazilian fishing communities and major source of animal protein for many families. These communities living in direct contact with the natural environment and economically dependent on natural resources can provide important information for the design of conservation and management proposals aimed at sustainability. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize artisanal fisheries and socio-economic aspects of artisanal fishermen of Fernando de Noronha / PE. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. 62 fishermen were interviewed and the results showed that artisanal fishing is practiced for own consumption or as a source of income. epending on the priority areas for conservation, fishing area is one of the biggest conflicts recorded in the archipelago. In the search for supplementary income, parallel activities, especially related to tourism, has been developed. The corrico is the most used gear and has low environmental impact, and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and the black jack (Caranx lugubris) are the species more caught species. Larger and more powerful vessels allow fishing in more remote locations, and not using ice on fish conservation was evident. Data indicate the importance of developing a plan for shared management of resources, resulting in the appreciation of artisanal fishermen and thesustainability of fisheries.

A pesca artesanal é uma das principais atividades econômicas de comunidades pesqueiras brasileiras e importante fonte de proteína animal para muitas famílias. Estas comunidades que vivem em contato direto com o ambiente natural e dependem economicamente dos recursos naturais podem fornecer informações importantes para o delineamento de propostas de conservação e manejo visando à sustentabilidade. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a pesca artesanal e os aspectos socioeconômicos dos pescadores artesanais de Fernando de Noronha/PE. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Foram entrevistados 62 pescadores e os resultados demonstraram que a pesca artesanal é realizada para consumo próprio ou como fonte de renda. Em função das áreas prioritárias para conservação, a área de pesca é um dos maiores conflitos verificados no arquipélago. Na busca pela complementação da renda, atividades paralelas, principalmente ligadas ao turismo, vêm sendo desenvolvidas. O corrico é o petrecho mais utilizado e tem baixo impacto ambiental, sendo a albacora (Thunnus albacares) e o xaréu-preto (Caranx lugubris) as espécies mais capturadas. Embarcações maiores e mais potentes permitem a pesca em locais mais afastados, e o não uso de gelo na conservação do pescado foi evidenciado. Os dados indicam a importância daelaboração de um plano para gestão compartilhada dos recursos, resultando na valorização do pescador artesanal e a sustentabilidade da atividade pesqueira.

Fishers' knowledge about fish trophic interactions in the southeastern Brazilian coast.

BACKGROUND: Data derived from studies of fishers' local ecological knowledge (LEK) can be invaluable to the proposal of new studies and more appropriate management strategies. This study analyzed the fisher's LEK about trophic relationships of fishes in the southeastern Brazilian coast, comparing fishers' LEK with scientific knowledge to provide new hypotheses. METHODS: The initial contacts with fishers were made through informal visits in their residences, to explain the research goals, meet fishers and their families, check the number of resident fishers and ask for fishers' consent to participate in the research. After this initial contact, fishers were selected to be included in the interviews through the technique of snowball sampling. The fishers indicated by others who attended the criteria to be included in the research were interviewed by using a semi-structured standard questionnaire. RESULTS: There were interviewed 26 artisanal fishers from three communities of the Ilhabela: Jabaquara, Fome and Serraria. The interviewed fishers showed a detailed knowledge about the trophic interactions of the studied coastal fishes, as fishers mentioned 17 food items for these fishes and six fish and three mammals as fish predators. The most mentioned food items were small fish, shrimps and crabs, while the most mentioned predators were large reef fishes. Fishers also mentioned some predators, such as sea otters, that have not been reported by the biological literature and are poorly known. CONCLUSIONS: The LEK of the studied fishers showed a high degree of concordance with the scientific literature regarding fish diet. This study evidenced the value of fishers' LEK to improve fisheries research and management, as well as the needy to increase the collaboration among managers, biologists and fishers.

Etnoecologia da pesca de camarões usados como isca viva na Barra do Una, Peruíbe (SP/ Brasil) / Ethnoecology of the fishing of shrimp used as live baits in Barra do Una, Peruíbe (SP/ Brazil)

A large number of species of fish and crustaceans are caught by artisanal fisheries in lacustrine environments, rivers, streams, estuaries, supplying the needs of animal protein for the populations that inhabit these environments. Among the crustaceans, shrimp is a resource with great commercial and nutritional importance, besides being used as live bait, especially for sport fishing. The present study aimed to conduct an ethnoecological survey and characterize the fishery of shrimp for sale of live bait in a caiçara community from Mosaic Jureia-Itatins, Peruíbe, São Paulo State. The data were collected through ethnoecological interviews and taxonomic identification of exploited resources. During the interviews information was asked regarding the techniques of capture and storage resources, forms of marketing, among others. The data were analyzed by the construction of compared cognition tables by which both the local and scientific knowledge are combined. A total of 38 fishermen were interviewed, who catch shrimp for consumption, trade (fish shops, bars and restaurants), and mainly selling live bait for sport fishing. The main species caught and used as bait are the “cinnamon river shrimp” (Macrobrachium acanthurus), the “white shrimp” (Litopenaeus schmitti), and the “Atlantic seabob...

Um grande número de espécies de peixes e crustáceos são capturados pela pesca artesanal em ambientes lacustres, rios, córregos, estuários, suprindo as necessidades de proteína animal para as populações que habitam estes ambientes. Entre os crustáceos, o camarão é um recurso de grande importância comercial e nutricional, além de ser utilizado como isca viva, especialmente para a pesca esportiva. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento etnoecológico e caracterizar a pesca de camarão para venda de isca viva em uma comunidade caiçara do Mosaico Juréia-Itatins, Peruíbe, Estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas etnoecológicas e identificação taxonômica dos recursos explorados. Durante as entrevistas foram questionadas informações sobre as técnicas de captura e armazenamento dos recursos, formas de comercialização, entre outros. Os dados foram analisados por meio da construção de tabelas de cognição comparados pelo qual tanto o conhecimento científico como local foram combinados. Um total de 38 pescadores foram entrevistados, que capturam o camarão para o consumo, o comércio (lojas de peixe, bares e restaurantes), e vendem principalmente isca viva para a pesca esportiva. As principais espécies capturadas e usadas como isca são o pitu (Macrobrachium acanthurus), o camarão-branco (Litopenaeus schmitti), e o camarão-sete-barbas...

Etnoecologia da pesca de camarões usados como isca viva na Barra do Una, Peruíbe (SP/ Brasil) / Ethnoecology of the fishing of shrimp used as live baits in Barra do Una, Peruíbe (SP/ Brazil)

A large number of species of fish and crustaceans are caught by artisanal fisheries in lacustrine environments, rivers, streams, estuaries, supplying the needs of animal protein for the populations that inhabit these environments. Among the crustaceans, shrimp is a resource with great commercial and nutritional importance, besides being used as live bait, especially for sport fishing. The present study aimed to conduct an ethnoecological survey and characterize the fishery of shrimp for sale of live bait in a caiçara community from Mosaic Jureia-Itatins, Peruíbe, São Paulo State. The data were collected through ethnoecological interviews and taxonomic identification of exploited resources. During the interviews information was asked regarding the techniques of capture and storage resources, forms of marketing, among others. The data were analyzed by the construction of compared cognition tables by which both the local and scientific knowledge are combined. A total of 38 fishermen were interviewed, who catch shrimp for consumption, trade (fish shops, bars and restaurants), and mainly selling live bait for sport fishing. The main species caught and used as bait are the “cinnamon river shrimp” (Macrobrachium acanthurus), the “white shrimp” (Litopenaeus schmitti), and the “Atlantic seabob...(AU)

Um grande número de espécies de peixes e crustáceos são capturados pela pesca artesanal em ambientes lacustres, rios, córregos, estuários, suprindo as necessidades de proteína animal para as populações que habitam estes ambientes. Entre os crustáceos, o camarão é um recurso de grande importância comercial e nutricional, além de ser utilizado como isca viva, especialmente para a pesca esportiva. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento etnoecológico e caracterizar a pesca de camarão para venda de isca viva em uma comunidade caiçara do Mosaico Juréia-Itatins, Peruíbe, Estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas etnoecológicas e identificação taxonômica dos recursos explorados. Durante as entrevistas foram questionadas informações sobre as técnicas de captura e armazenamento dos recursos, formas de comercialização, entre outros. Os dados foram analisados por meio da construção de tabelas de cognição comparados pelo qual tanto o conhecimento científico como local foram combinados. Um total de 38 pescadores foram entrevistados, que capturam o camarão para o consumo, o comércio (lojas de peixe, bares e restaurantes), e vendem principalmente isca viva para a pesca esportiva. As principais espécies capturadas e usadas como isca são o pitu (Macrobrachium acanthurus), o camarão-branco (Litopenaeus schmitti), e o camarão-sete-barbas...(AU)

Cytogenotoxicity biomarkers in fat snook Centropomus parallelus from Cananéia and São Vicente estuaries, SP, Brazil.

The aquatic environment receives many contaminants that can induce damages at the molecular, biochemical, cellular and physiological levels. Centropomus parallelus, an important food resource for local populations, is a predator fish that feeds on small fishes and benthic invertebrates, thus being vulnerable to the bioconcentration and biomagnification processes. This study aimed to evaluate cytogenotoxic responses in erythrocytes from C. parallelus juveniles collected in the Cananéia and São Vicente estuaries, both in winter and in summer. After anesthesia, blood samples were collected by caudal puncture. Blood smears were prepared on glass slides and stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa dye. Two thousand cells were analyzed per slide (1000x), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) and micronuclei (MN) were scored. The São Vicente sample showed MN and NA frequencies (%/1000 cells) of 0.325 and 3.575, in winter, and of 0.125 and 2.935 in summer respectively; the Cananéia sample showed frequencies of 0.0325 and 0.03, in winter, and of 0.065 and 0.355 in summer, respectively. The rates found in São Vicente were significantly higher than those found in Cananéia, evidencing that the levels of pollution in that estuary were high enough to induce genetic damages.

Cytogenotoxicity biomarkers in fat snook Centropomus parallelus from Cananéia and São Vicente estuaries, SP, Brazil

The aquatic environment receives many contaminants that can induce damages at the molecular, biochemical, cellular and physiological levels. Centropomus parallelus, an important food resource for local populations, is a predator fish that feeds on small fishes and benthic invertebrates, thus being vulnerable to the bioconcentration and biomagnification processes. This study aimed to evaluate cytogenotoxic responses in erythrocytes from C. parallelus juveniles collected in the Cananéia and São Vicente estuaries, both in winter and in summer. After anesthesia, blood samples were collected by caudal puncture. Blood smears were prepared on glass slides and stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa dye. Two thousand cells were analyzed per slide (1000x), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) and micronuclei (MN) were scored. The São Vicente sample showed MN and NA frequencies (%/1000 cells) of 0.325 and 3.575, in winter, and of 0.125 and 2.935 in summer respectively; the Cananéia sample showed frequencies of 0.0325 and 0.03, in winter, and of 0.065 and 0.355 in summer, respectively. The rates found in São Vicente were significantly higher than those found in Cananéia, evidencing that the levels of pollution in that estuary were high enough to induce genetic damages.