Entrando en el manejo 2.0 de la cistinuria con una herramienta médica digital para monitorizar el pH de la orina: un estudio prospectivo y aleatorizado / Entering into 2.0 cystinuria management with a medical digital tool to monitor urine pH: A prospective, randomized study

Introducción y objetivos Las personas con cistinuria pueden experimentar eventos recurrentes de litiasis debido a la relativa insolubilidad de la cistina en el pH fisiológico de la orina, lo que resulta en deterioro de la función renal. El pHmetro Lit-Control® es un dispositivo médico que permite la automedición precisa del pH de la orina. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar la usabilidad del pHmetro Lit-Control® con las tiras reactivas para la automonitorización domiciliaria del pH urinario por parte de pacientes con cistinuria, y su satisfacción general con cada herramienta.Pacientes y métodosSe incluyeron 28 pacientes (9 mujeres y 19 varones, de 19 a 76 años), que fueron asignados aleatoriamente a monitorizar su pH urinario con tiras reactivas (n=17) o el pHmetro Lit-Control® (n=11).ResultadosDespués de 6 meses de uso, la satisfacción con los 2 métodos fue similarmente alta, pero los pacientes calificaron (en una escala de 0 a 10) mejor el pHmetro en términos de facilidad de aprendizaje (media± DE, 8,11±0,60 vs. 7,06±1,18; p=0,038), facilidad de preparación (8,22±0,67 vs. 7,25±1,18; p=0,034) y facilidad de uso (8,22±0,67 vs. 7,25±1,39; p=0,062). En general, los pacientes no alcanzaron los objetivos de alcalinización (pH entre 7,0 y 8,0).ConclusionesEl pHmetro Lit-Control® demostró ser un dispositivo fácil de usar que puede facilitar el control del pH urinario en los pacientes con cistinuria. Queda justificado un estudio prospectivo para evaluar la correlación entre la monitorización del pH de la orina, una estrategia de tratamiento por objetivo y la recurrencia de los cálculos de cistina. (AU)

Background and objectives Individuals with cystinuria can experiment recurrent lithiasis events due to the relative insolubility of cystine at physiological urine pH, resulting in renal function decline. The Lit-Control® pH Meter is a medical device that accurately allows urine pH self-monitoring. The main objective of this study was to compare the usability of the Lit-Control® pH Meter with the reactive strips for self-monitoring of urinary pH at home by patients with cystinuria, and their overall satisfaction with each tool.Patients and methodsWe included 28 patients (9 females and 19 males, age 19-6 years), who were randomly assigned to monitor their urine pH with reactive strips (n=17) or the Lit-Control® pH Meter (n=11).ResultsAfter six months of use, the satisfaction with the two methods was similarly high, but the patients rated (0-10 scale) the pH meter better in terms of ease of learning (mean±SD, 8.11±0.60 vs. 7.06±1.18; P=.038), ease to prepare (8.22±0.67 vs. 7.25±1.18; P=0.034), and ease of use (8.22±0.67 vs. 7.25±1.39; P=.062). Overall, patients did not reach the alkalinization goals (pH between 7.0 and 8.0).ConclusionsThe Lit-Control® pH Meter demonstrated to be an easy-to-use device that can facilitate urinary pH control by cystinuric patients. A prospective study is warranted to assess the correlation between urine pH monitoring, a treat to target approach, and the recurrence of cystine stones. (AU)

Entering into 2.0 cystinuric management with a medical digital tool to monitor urine pH: a prospective, randomized study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Individuals with cystinuria can experiment recurrent lithiasis events due to the relative insolubility of cystine at physiological urine pH, resulting in renal function decline. The Lit-Control® pH Meter is a medical device that accurately allows urine pH self-monitoring. The main objective of this study was to compare the usability of the Lit-Control® pH Meter with the reactive strips for self-monitoring of urinary pH at home by patients with cystinuria, and their overall satisfaction with each tool. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 28 patients (9 females and 19 males, age 19-76 years), who were randomly assigned to monitor their urine pH with reactive strips (n = 17) or the Lit-Control® pH-meter (n = 11). RESULTS: After six months of use, the satisfaction with the two methods was similarly high, but the patients rated (0-10 scale) the pH meter better in terms of ease of learning (mean ±â€¯SD, 8.11 ±â€¯0.60 vs. 7.06 ±â€¯1.18; P = 0.038), ease to prepare (8.22 ±â€¯0.67 vs. 7.25 ±â€¯1.18; P = 0.034), and ease of use (8.22 ±â€¯0.67 vs. 7.25 ±â€¯1.39; P = 0.062). Overall, patients did not reach the alkalinization goals (pH between 7.0 and 8.0). CONCLUSIONS: The Lit-Control® pH Meter demonstrated to be an easy-to-use device that can facilitate urinary pH control by cystinuric patients. A prospective study is warranted to assess the correlation between urine pH monitoring, a treat to target approach, and the recurrence of cystine stones.

Versión española del cuestionario USSQ: evaluación de la tolerancia clínica al catéter ureteral doble jota / Spanish version of the USSQ questionnaire: evaluation of clinical tolerance to double J uretheral catheter

INTRODUCCIÓN: La evaluación de los síntomas debidos a catéter ureteral doble jota (CUJJ) precisa de una herramienta fiable como el cuestionario USSQ. Se presenta una versión traducida al español de este cuestionario (USSQ-E). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La versión en inglés del USSQ ha sido traducida al español siguiendo una sofisticada sistemática lingüística. Una vez obtenido el USSQ-E ha sido probado en un grupo de 70 pacientes portadores de CUJJ. Como grupo control se han tomado 40 personas sin catéter. RESULTADOS: Se ha evaluado el USSQ-E con pruebas de consistencia interna, test-retest, validez convergente, sensibilidad al cambio y validez discriminatoria, siendo todas ellas satisfactorias. CONCLUSIÓN: El USSQ-E es una herramienta válida y fiable para evaluar la sintomatología derivada del CUJJ en población hispanoparlante (AU)

INTRODUCTION: The assessment of symptoms due to double J ureteral catheter (CUJJ) requires a reliable tool like USSQ questionnaire. A translation in Spanish of this questionnaire (USSQ-E) version is presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The English version of USSQ has been translated into Spanish language following a systematic sophisticated. After obtaining the USSQ-E has been tested in a group of 70 patients with CUJJ. A control group of 40 people have been taken without catheter. RESULTS: We evaluated the USSQ-E with evidence of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, sensitivity to change and discriminant validity, all of which are satisfactory. CONCLUSION: USSQ-E is a valid and reliable for assessing symptomatology derived CUJJ tool in speaking population (AU)

Recomendaciones dietéticas en la litiasis de oxalato cálcico / Dietary recommendations in calcium oxalate lithiasis

La dieta puede afectar a los enfermos con litiasis oxálica, aumentando los factores de riesgo para la formación. Una vez completado el estudio metabólico se deben dar algunas normas dietéticas basadas en los datos científicos disponibles. Existen pocos trabajos que hayan analizado de forma completa el contenido de oxalatos en los alimentos de la dieta humana. Se debe insistir en la ingesta hídrica abundante, la reducción de sal y de proteínas animales, manteniendo un correcto aporte de calcio. En el presente trabajo se adjuntan algunas tablas de contenidos de oxalato en diversos alimentos. Los más ricos en oxalato (acelgas, espinacas, coliflor, té, cacao, kiwis) deben ser restringidos

Diet affect oxalic lithiasis patients, increasing the risk factors for stone formation. Upon completion of the metabolic study should give some dietary guidelines based on scientific data. Few studies have analyzed completely the oxalate content in foods of the human diet. It must be emphatized abundant fluid intake, reducing salt and animal protein, maintaining proper calcium intake. In this paper, some tables about oxalate content in various foods are attached. Most rich in oxalate (chard, spinach, cauliflower, tea, cocoa, kiwis) must be restricted

Pielitis enfisematosa en paciente con patología litiásica. A propósito de un caso / Emphysematous pyelitis in a patient with gallstone disease. A clinical case

Las infecciones enfisematosas renales se caracterizan por la presencia de gas de origen bacteriano en el parénquima renal (nefritis enfisematosa), pelvis y cálices renales (pielitis enfisematosa), uréter (ureteritis enfisematosa) o vejiga (cistitis enfisematosa). Se presenta un caso de pielitis enfisematosa en una mujer joven, sin comorbilidad, con litiasis renal, infección urinaria y aire localizado en grupo superior tratada con uretero-renoscopia. Se realiza una revisión sobre el manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la pielitis enfisematosa asociada a litiasis (AU)

Emphysematous renal infections are characterized by the presence of bacterial gas in the renal parenchyma (emphysematous nephritis), pelvis and calyces (emphysematous pyelitis), urether (uretheritis emphysematous) or bladder (cystitis emphysematous). We report a case of emphysematous pyelitis in a young woman with no comorbidities, with kidney stone, urinary infection and air located in the upper group, treated with uretero-renoscopy. We review the diagnostic and therapeutic management of emphysematous pyleitis associated with gallstones (AU)

Un nuevo enfoque en el análisis de la litiasis urinaria en función de la combinación de sus componentes: experiencia con 7.949 casos / A New Approach to Urinary Stone Analysis According to the Combination of the Components: Experience With 7949 Cases

Objetivo: evaluar un nuevo enfoque en el análisis de la litiasis urinaria en función de la combinación de sus componentes. Material y métodos: se analizaron un total de 7.949 litiasis y sus componentes principales y combinaciones, y se clasificaron en función del sexo y la edad. El análisis estadístico fue mediante el test de ji cuadrado. Resultados: oxalato cálcico monohidrato (OCM) fue el componente más frecuente en hombres (39%) y mujeres (37,4%), seguido de oxalato cálcico dihidrato (OCD) (28%) y ácido úrico (URI) (14,6%) en hombres y de fosfato (FOS) (22,2%) y OCD (19,6%) en mujeres (p=0,0001). En la gente joven OCD y FOS fueron los componentes más frecuentes en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente (p=0,0001). En los pacientes mayores OCM y URI (por este orden) fueron los componentes más frecuentes en ambos sexos (p=0,0001). OCM es oxalatodependiente y está relacionado con las dietas de alto contenido en oxalato y baja ingesta de agua. El aumento progresivo de URI con la edad se relaciona principalmente con el sobrepeso y el síndrome metabólico. Respecto a la combinación de componentes, las más frecuentes fueron OCM (26,3%), OCD+Apatita (APA) (15,5%), URI (10%) y OCM+OCD (7,5%) (p=0,0001). Conclusiones: este estudio presenta no sólo la composición de las litiasis, sino también las principales combinaciones de componentes en función de la edad y el sexo. Los resultados muestran que la composición de la litiasis está relacionada con los cambios en los hábitos dietéticos y de estilo de vida que ocurren durante la vida, y la estructura morfológica de las litiasis es indicativa de los mecanismos etiopatogénicos (AU)

Objective: To evaluate a new approach to urinary stone analysis according to the combination of the components. Materials and methods: A total of 7949 stones were analysed and their main components and combinations of components were classified according to gender and age. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Results: Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was the most frequent component in both males (39%) and females (37.4%), followed by calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) (28%) and uric acid (URI) (14.6%) in males and by phosphate (PHO) (22.2%) and COD (19.6%) in females (p=0.0001). In young people, COD and PHO were the most frequent components in males and females respectively (p=0.0001). In older patients, COM and URI (in that order) were the most frequent components in both genders (p=0.0001). COM is oxalate dependent and is related to diets with a high oxalate content and low water intake. The progressive increase in URI with age is related mainly to overweight and metabolic syndrome. Regarding the combinations of components, the most frequent were COM (26.3%), COD+Apatite (APA) (15.5%), URI (10%) and COM+COD (7.5%) (p=0.0001). Conclusions: This study reports not only the composition of stones but also the main combinations of components according to age and gender. The results prove that stone composition is related to the changes in dietary habits and life-style that occur over a lifetime, and the morphological structure of stones is indicative of the aetiopathogenic mechanisms (AU)

[A new approach to urinary stone analysis according to the combination of the components: experience with 7949 cases]. / Un nuevo enfoque en el análisis de la litiasis urinaria en función de la combinación de sus componentes: experiencia con 7.949 casos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new approach to urinary stone analysis according to the combination of the components. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 7949 stones were analysed and their main components and combinations of components were classified according to gender and age. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was the most frequent component in both males (39%) and females (37.4%), followed by calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) (28%) and uric acid (URI) (14.6%) in males and by phosphate (PHO) (22.2%) and COD (19.6%) in females (p=0.0001). In young people, COD and PHO were the most frequent components in males and females respectively (p=0.0001). In older patients, COM and URI (in that order) were the most frequent components in both genders (p=0.0001). COM is oxalate dependent and is related to diets with a high oxalate content and low water intake. The progressive increase in URI with age is related mainly to overweight and metabolic syndrome. Regarding the combinations of components, the most frequent were COM (26.3%), COD+Apatite (APA) (15.5%), URI (10%) and COM+COD (7.5%) (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study reports not only the composition of stones but also the main combinations of components according to age and gender. The results prove that stone composition is related to the changes in dietary habits and life-style that occur over a lifetime, and the morphological structure of stones is indicative of the aetiopathogenic mechanisms.

Nefrocalcinosis: conceptos básicos, etiología y tratamiento médico. Revisión desde un enfoque urológico / Nefrocalcinosis: basic concepts, etiology and medical treatment. Review from an urological focus

Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 46 años de edad, quien inició su historia litiásica a los 26 años con cólicos nefríticos expulsivos, tratados habitualmente con analgésicos comunes y antiinflamatorios. El estudio cristalográfico reveló cristales de oxalato de calcio dihidratado y fosfato de calcio apatílico. La urografía intravenosa demostró la presencia de calcificaciones medulares bilaterales múltiples, con funcionalismo conservado y ausencia de uropatía obstructiva. Se asumió el caso como nefrocalcionsis medular bilateral, probablemente secundaria a hipercalciuria y/o acidosis tubular distal tipo I. El paciente ha sido medicado con citrato potásico hasta la actualidad. Se exponen a continuación las siguientes causas de nefrocalcinosis, haciendo mención especial de las principales: Hiperparatiroidismo primario; Hipercalciuria idiopática; Acidosis tubular distal tipo I y Enfermedad de Cacchi-Ricci (enpongiosis Medular Renal) (AU)

We present the case of a 46 year old male patient, who initiated his lithiasic history at the age of 26 with expulsive renal colic’s, usually treated with common analgesics and anti-inflammatory. The crystallographic study revealed calcium oxalate dihydratte and calcium phosphate apatite crystals. The Intravenous Pyelogram showed the presence of multiple bilateral medullary calcifications, with preserved functionalism and absence of obstructive uropathy. The case was assumed as bilateral nephoraclcinosis, due probably to hypercalciuria and (or distal renal tubular acidosis (type 1). The patient has been medicated with potassium citrate until the present time. The following causes of nefrocalcinosis are exposed next, doing special mention of the main ones: Primary Hiperparatiroidism; Idiopatic Hipercalciuria; Distal Renal tubular Acidosis (type I) and Cacchi-Ricci (Medullary Sponge Kidney) disease