[Relation of a suicidal behaviour with the heliogeophysical factors].

Heliogeophysical parameters of the environment at the time of realization of suicidal behaviours using the data of four independent cohorts from different Ukrainian regions, separately for men (totally 7585 cases) and women (totally 4023 cases) for interval of 1989-2008 were analysed. A suicidal behaviour of men is actualized when geomagnetic activity decreases after its maximum. Heliogeophysical factors have smaller influence on women's suicidal behaviour. Suicide bombing attacks in Israel, Iraq and Afghanistan (for the period from 1994 to 2008) tend to take place by the maximal values of geomagnetic activity or during changes in interplanetary magnetic field polarity from negative to positive. These findings promote future discussion regarding unifying psychological or psycho-physiological mechanisms in suicides and suicidal terroristic acts and have some predicting potential.

[An assessment of acid-base imbalance in body tissues and fluids]. / Otsinka porushen' kyslotno-luzhnoï rivnovahy v tkanynakh i ridynakh orhanizmu.

Ions hydrogene concentration in fluids and tissues is one of the strict regulated physiological organism variables. Most common man and animal diseases are accompanied with compensated acid-base balance shift development. But diagnosis of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis with blood indices (pH, pCO2, HCO3) doesn't reflect true tissue condition that is connected not only with respiratory and excretion system functioning but with hypercompensation of metabolic processes. Excess organic acid formation in case of metabolic alkalosis formation in tissues directed to support pH leads to acidification, what brings an essential mistake in pathogenesis understanding of such diseases as cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiac disease, myocardial infarction, hepatitis, collagenosis, caries, peptic ulcer, macula dystrophy, atherosclerosis, virus diseases, radiation damages. Ignorance primary tissue damages doesn't allow to conduct necessary preventive measures and to cure disease. It is suggested to assess development of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis by compensated changes of regulation acid-base homeostasis system, which is the basis of all future damages and development of different diseases against this background.

[Compensatory changes in the acid-base balance under the influence of excess ammonium chloride, hypodynamia and stress]. / Kompensovani zminy kyslotno-luzhnoï rivnovahy pid vplyvom nadlyshku amoniiu khlorydu, hipodynami]i ta stresu.

Two variants of alternative integrative compensatory mechanisms of metabolic reactions in organism developing at the compensated shifts of acid-base balance under the influence of different risk factors have been discovered by the authors. Compensated metabolic acidosis appears with the excess of salt ammonia in the animals ration, at the immobilization stress, hypodynamia, deafferentation and surgical stress. The start reaction of acidosis is lipolysis activation and nonacidified products accumulation at the reactions of tricarboxylic acid cycle are (TAC) inhibited. The compensatory mechanism directed to bind hydrogen ions and prevent pH shifts is activity of glyconeogenesis reactions, transamination, increase the contents ammonia, as well as by increases of restored combinations. Carbohydrates excess in the ration, emotional stress (anxiety expectation) lead to the metabolic alkalosis development at which low hydrogen ion formation and their rapid use in the activated process of peroxide lipids oxidation is compensated with the increase of organic acids formation in glycolysis and TAC as well as by the increase of oxidation properties in tissues. Besides adaptive physiological meaning, the described mechanisms may be the reason for a number of pathological state appearance. The discovery in population and prevention of endogenic risk factors prevention is principle new basis of modern integrated system of human and animals common diseases prevention.

[Effect of bis(n-tributyltin)-oxide on the brain GABA-ergic system in vitro]. / Izuchenie vliianiia bis(n-tributilolovo)-oksida na GAMK-ergicheskuiu sistemu mozga in vitro.

Wide concentration range (10(-14)-10(-4) M) of bis-(n-tributyltin)-oxide effect on Na(+)-dependent uptake, spontaneous and K(+)-stimulated release, specific receptor binding and GABA metabolism were studied in vitro experiments using brain slices, synaptic membrane fraction and brain tissue homogenates. It is shown that the dependence "concentration-effect" is of non-linear character in all cases. Prevailing suppression of Na(+)-dependent uptake and specific receptor binding during K(+)-stimulated release and metabolism (production and utilization) of GABA activation were marked as a general tendency. Mechanisms of TBTO effect on the studied processes and the involvement of GABA-ergic system in realization of TBTO neurotoxic effects are discussed.

[The behavioral reactions of rats in the early period following uniform whole-body gamma irradiation at an absolutely lethal dose]. / Nekotorye povedencheskie reaktsii krys v rannie sroki posle obshchego ravnomernogo gamma-oblucheniia v absoliutno letal'noi doze.

Rats were irradiated with gamma rays (30 Gy) and spontaneous behavioral activity in an "open field" as well as formation of conditioned reflex of adversive behavior were registered in 1, 7-8 and 24 hr after exposure. The statistically verified depression of behavioral activity was found 24 hr after irradiation, while the prolongation of the latent period of conditioned reflex occurred as early as 1 hr after irradiation. The results obtained are discussed from the point of view of GABA system involvement in the changes observed.

[The use of the multivariate estimation method for the objective evaluation of the effect of antihypoxic therapy in the first 24 hours after an absolutely lethal radiation injury]. / Primenenie metoda mnogomernogo otsenivaniia dlia ob''ektivizatsii vliianiia antigipoksicheskoi terapii v pervye sutki posle absoliutno letal'nogo luchevogo porazheniia.

Three groups of rats (intact, irradiated with 30 Gy of gamma rays and treated after irradiation with the use of pharmacological and metabolic drugs protecting brain against hypoxia were studied. In 24 hours after the influence the animals have undergone the neurobehavioral testing and then were sacrificed, a number of neurochemical parameters depicting energy metabolism and metabolic GABA bypath in brain were studied (general number of parameters were 24). Using classical method of t-statistics only enhancement of labelled GABA catabolism and deterioration of general behavioral activity were verified, the modifying effect of the pharmacological and metabolic protection against hypoxia was not found. Using methods of multidimensional evaluation the protective and sanogenic character of the used method of therapy was verified. Thus, using discrimination analysis (Mahalanobis criterion) high similarity of intact and treated groups of animals was estimated. It was confirmed using methods of coupled and multiple correlation and method of route coefficients. The statistical connections between neurochemical and neurobehavioral parameters were found which can be useful for understanding of the mechanisms of the early postradiation syndrome development.

[Functional interrelationships between dehydrogenases and transaminases in various regions of the rat brain as affected by small doses of gamma-radiation]. / Funktsional'nye vzaimootnosheniia mezhdu degidrogenazami i transaminazami v razlichnykh otdelakh golovnogo mozga krys pri deistvii malykh doz gamma-izlucheniia.

Wistar rats were exposed to 10, 20 and 40 sGy of gamma-irradiation. Maximal activity of 2-oxoglutarate- and succinate dehydrogenases, as well as of aspartate-2-oxoglutarate and pyruvate-2-oxoglutarate in the brain tissue was measured within 30 days after the exposure. Dehydrogenase activity was measured in the brain cortex, limbic system and in the cerebellum; transaminase activity was determined in the brain cortex, diencephalic zone and in the hypophysis. It was found that small doses of irradiation resulted in an oscillating increase of dehydrogenase activity with a decrease of the amplitude by the 30th day of the experiment. As the dose of irradiation increases, the periods of normal activity change into phases of inhibition of dehydrogenase action, the period of oscillations diminishes. Transaminase activity, as a rule, changes in a phase in a reversible manner as compared with dehydrogenase activity. These observations are discussed from the point of view of structural relations between these two systems in the intramitochondrial supramolecular structures, the so-called metabolons.

[Effect of low-frequency vibration on the activity of dehydrogenase in neurones of anterior vestibular nucleus in rats]. / Vplyv nyzkochastotnoi vibratsii na aktyvnist degidrogenaz u neironakh perednógo vestybuliarnogo iadra shchuriv.

To obtain the characteristics of the main changes in oxidative metabolism in the neurons of the nucleus vestibularis anterior (NVA) under the influence of low frequency vibration in rat brain the activities of some dehydrogenases (NADN-DH, NADPH-DH, succinate-DH, malate-DH, beta-oxybutyrate-DH, alpha-glycerolphosphate-DH, lactate-DH, glutamate-DH and 6-phosphogluconate-DH) were measured using histochemical methods. The sizes of subpopulations of neurons differing in enzyme activities were estimated.

[The possible participation of the GABA metabolic system in the mechanisms of the protective action of L-aspartate in hypoxia in an enclosed space]. / O vozmozhnom uchastii sistemy metabolizma GAMK v mekhanizmakh zashchitnogo deistviia L-aspartata pri gipoksii zamknutogo prostranstva.

L-Aspartate given intradermally in a dose of 100 mg.kg-1 to mice 2-3 minutes before placement to a hypoxic chamber was shown to prolong the mean animal lifespan by 38% and to delay hypoxic convulsions by 38-40%. The agent was ascertained to maintain the higher glutamate decarboxylase (GD) activity and GABA levels in the brain during hypoxia and prevent GD activity and GABA levels from their drastic diminution when hypoxic convulsions occurred.

[The role of transaminases in realizing the protective effect of L-aspartate in hypoxia]. / Rol' transaminaz v realizatsii zashchitnogo éffekta L-aspartata pri gipoksii.

Activation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of mitochondria introduced to the incubation medium of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (40 microM) is approximately 2 times higher than that of the corresponding cytoplasmic forms. At hypoxia aspartate aminotransferase activity in mitochondria and postmitochondrial supernatant tends to an increase while that of alanine aminotransferase decreases (above 2 times). The protection from hypoxic damage when using L-aspartate (100 mg/kg subcutaneously 3-5 min before hypoxia) intensifies an adaptive increase of aspartate aminotransferase activity and removes a decrease of alanine aminotransferase activity. Under these conditions stimulating effect of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate on transaminases activity in vitro weakens. A simultaneous administration of vitamin-coenzyme complex (thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoate, sodium 4-phospho-pantothenate, flavin-mononucleotide, nicotinate) intensifies these metabolic shifts and protective action of L-aspartate.

[Effect of preliminarily administered aspartate to the body and its combination with a vitamin-coenzyme complex on the catabolism of L-[14C]-aspartate in tissues of various mouse organs in hermetically closed space]. / Vliianie predvaritel'no vvedennogo v organizm aspartata i ego sochetaniia s vitaminno-kofermentnym kompleksom na katabolizm L-[14C]-aspartata v tkaniakh nekotorykh organov myshei v usloviiakh germozamknutogo prostanstva.

Effect of factors of sealed non-aired space on the organism leads to the enhancement of catabolism of L-4-[14C]-aspartate in the mice encephalon to 14CO2. Preliminary administration of L-aspartate to the organism (100 mg/kg) leads to the intensification of these adaptative reactions and prolongs life of animals under these conditions. Accumulation of the introduced aspartate in the liver and encephalon gets more intensive and its supply to the blood is more rapid under these conditions. Simultaneous (together with L-aspartate) administration of the vitamin-coenzyme complex (pentapyruvate) which includes thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoate, sodium 4-phosphopantotenate, nicotinate and riboflavin-mononucleotide and stimulates the function of the key links of the Krebs cycle to animals has induced intensification of the protective effect of L-aspartate and evoked further activation of the L-aspartate catabolism in the encephalon, mainly at late, preagonal stages of the developing pathological state. The data presented confirm that protective effect of L-aspartate, provided the effect of the closed space factors on the organism, is a result of its quick introduction, into energy mebolism of tissues, in particular, of the nervous tissue.

[Experimental substantiation of the method of pharmaco-metabolic brain protection against hypoxia in severe craniocerebral injury]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie sposoba farmakometabolicheskoi zashchity mozga ot gipoksii pri tiazheloi cherepno-mozgovoi travme.

The experiment has shown that a complex of functionally related vitamins including thiamine, lipoate, D-pantothenate, nicotinate and riboflavine in "pyruvate-dehydrogenase" ratios decreases inhibition of the activity of alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases in the brain and liver with thiopental anesthesia, intensifies arrival of [35S]-lipoate to the brain and decreases acute toxicity of sodium thiopental (TnNa). The same complex (where thiamine, pantothenate and riboflavine are substituted by the corresponding coenzyme forms) complemented by the components stimulating the function of GABA-bypath of the brain as administered to rats with serious craniocerebral injury on the background of prolonged anaesthesia effect improves recovery of the brain functions, that is followed by normalization of ketoglutarate-dehydrogenase activity, maintenance of GABA-bypath function and by a decrease of GABA and glutamate content in the brain. The results obtained substantiate the advisability to use vitamin-coenzyme-metabolic complex in the acute period of traumatic brain disease aimed to increase efficiency of the antihypoxic TnNa effect and to correct its undesirable effects.

[Supermolecular organization of aminotransferases and dehydrogenases of alpha-ketoacid from rat brain mitochondria]. / Hadmolekuliarnaia organizatsiia aminotransferaz i degidrogenaz alpha- ketokislot mitochondrii golovnogo mozga krys.

A fraction of coarse mitochondria from the rat brain was deposited after short-term effect of supersound to obtain "metabolones". Activity of dehydrogenases of alpha-ketoacids, succinate dehydrogenase, aspartate-, alanine- and GABA-alpha-ketoglutarate amino-transferases has been determined in the supernatant liquid and in "metabolones". It is shown that dehydrogenase activity is mainly (93-100%) localized in "metabolones", while the level of aminotransferase activity in the latter is lower (72-94%). Nonproportionally high activity of aminotransferases in the supernatant liquid is found to considerably suprpass a decrease in activity of these enzymes in "metabolones" against a background of extremely scanty losses of protein (within 5%) induced by the supersound effect. A hypothetic model of a "metabolone" containing the enzymes of the Krebbs cycle and GABA-shunt is suggested.

[Neurometabolic effects and antihypoxic activity of a vitamin-coenzyme complex, including thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoate, 4-phosphopantothenate, nicotinate and flavinadenine mononucleotide]. / Izuchenie neirometabolicheskikh éffektov i antigipoksicheskoi aktivnosti vitaminno-kofermentnogo kompleksa, vkliuchaiushchego tiaminpirofosfat, lipoat, 4-fosfopantotenat, nikotinat i flavinadeninmonanukleotid.

Administration of the vitamin-coenzyme complex containing thiamin pyrophosphate:lipoate:4-phosphopantothenate:nicotinate:flavinad enine mononucleotide (0.2:3:5:8:1) led to increased utilization of alpha-ketoglutarate in nervous tissue via alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and GABA-transaminase pathways. In these systems content of glutamate and GABA was decreased, suggesting their elevated consumption as energy-providing substrates. If 4-phosphopantothenate was substituted by CoASH and nicotinate--by NAD+, increased decarboxylation of 5(-14)C-alpha-ketoglutarate, 1(-14)C-GABA and 4(-14)C-Asp was detected in brain homogenates in vitro. The neurometabolic effects were accompanied by pronounced antihypoxic effects as shown by the test "hypoxy of closed space".

[Catabolism of labelled alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in nerve tissue; the effect of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate in vitro]. / Katabolizm mechenykh alpha-ketoglutarate, suktsinata, aspartata i gamma-aminomaslianoi kisloty v nervnoi tkani; vliianie piridoksal'-5'-fosfata in vitro.

Proceeding from estimation of the 14CO2 release from [5-14C]alpha-ketoglutarate, [1-14C] gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), [1,4-14C] succinate and [4-14C] aspartate (0.4-1 mM) during their incubation with homogenates of different brain areas with regard for the label position and stereospecificity of decarboxylation of citrate formed due to the metabolism, the relative intensity of their catabolism is determined: [1,4-14C] succinate much greater than [4-14C]aspartate greater than [5-14C] alpha-ketoglutarate much greater than [1-14C]GABA. The label release with catabolism of [1-14C] alpha-ketoglutarate considerably exceeds the intensity of decarboxylation of the above enumerated substrates. In all cases the maximum release of 14CO2 has been registered in the cortex homogenates, the minimum--in the medulla homogenates, and only under long-term incubation with high concentration of GABA (50 mM) maximum catabolism was registered in the medulla. Preincubation of nervous tissue with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (40 microM) results in significant acceleration of catabolism of [1-14C] alpha-ketoglutarate, [5-14C] alpha-ketoglutarate and [4-14C] aspartate with an inconsiderable increase of catabolism of the rest of labelled substrates.

[The protective effect of energy substrates, vitamins, coenzymes and their complexes in the action on the body of the factors of an enclosed space]. / Zashchitnyi éffekt énergeticheskikh substratov, vitaminov, kofermentov i ikh kompleksov pri deistvii na organizm faktorov zamknutogo prostranstva.

Experiments on mice were performed to study a protective action of amino acids and other oxidation substrates (L-aspartic acid, pyruvate, succinate, GABA, alpha-ketoglutarate), metabolites (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) as well as vitamin-coenzyme complexes in combination with oxidation substrate while being under closed space conditions. GABA, aspartate, glutamate possessed the highest protective effect as against alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate.

[Gamma-aminobutyric and glutamic acid levels in the brain of rats exposed to noise and vibration on ships]. / Soderzhanie gamma-aminomaslianoi i glutaminovoi kislot v mozgu krys pri vozdeistvii shumo-vibratsionnogo faktora v usloviiakh sudovoi sredy.

The influence of different levels of noise and vibration on the content of GABA and glutamic acid in the brain and on behavioural characteristics of rats have been studied on 60 white rats under voyage conditions. A correlation is determined between biochemical and physiological reactions of the central nervous system in animals and duration and level of the influence of the studied factors.

[Changes in the brain GABA system after repeated injections of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and its Schiff base with GABA]. / Izmeneniia v sisteme GAMK golovnogo mozga pri mnogokratnom in''etsirovanii piridoksal'-5'-fosfata i ego shiffova osnovaniia s GAMK.

A state of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system (glutamate, glutamate decarboxylase, GABA, GABA-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase) and the coupled reactions (alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, aspartate- and alanine aminotransferases) was studied in three brain structures (cerebellum, brain cortex and truncus cerebri) after multiple administration of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PALP) and its Shiff base with GABA (5 injections at doses 10.0 and 15.0 mg/kg of body mass, respectively). Non-coenzymatic effects of PALP were found to prevail within 1 hr after its last administration: inhibition of PALP-dependent aminotransferases and activation of the alpha-keto-glutarate oxidative decarboxylation were observed. The opposite effects were detected after addition of PALP to brain homogenates in vitro. Administration of the PALP-GABA complex exhibited qualitatively similar to those of PALP effects on the reactions studied in brain. The data obtained suggest that parenteral administration of the coenzyme preparation caused a number of metabolic effects, which are sometimes far from unambigously predicted theoretical considerations. The similarity of PALP and PALP-GABA effects appears to demonstrate ready biotransformation of the Shiff base with liberation of PALP and GABA.