CRISPRa-mediated transcriptional activation of the SlPR-1 gene in edited tomato plants.

With the continuous deterioration of arable land due to an ever-growing population, improvement of crops and crop protection have a fundamental role in maintaining and increasing crop productivity. Alternatives to the use of pesticides encompass the use of biological control agents, generation of new resistant crop cultivars, the application of plant activator agrochemicals to enhance plant defenses, and the use of gene editing techniques, like the CRISPR-Cas system. Here, we test the hypothesis that epigenome editing, via CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), activate tomato plant defense genes to confer resistance against pathogen attack. We provide evidence that edited tomato plants for the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 gene (SlPR-1) show enhanced disease resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection. Resistance was assessed by evaluating disease progression and symptom appearance, pathogen accumulation, and changes in SlPR-1 gene expression at different time points. We determined that CRISPRa-edited plants develop enhanced disease-resistant to the pathogen without altering their agronomic characteristics and, above all, preventing the advancement of disease symptoms, stem canker, and plant death.

Oxidative Stress and Air Pollution: Its Impact on Chronic Respiratory Diseases.

Redox regulation participates in the control of various aspects of metabolism. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species participate in many reactions under physiological conditions. When these species overcome the antioxidant defense system, a distressed status emerges, increasing biomolecular damage and leading to functional alterations. Air pollution is one of the exogenous sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) is important because of its complex composition, which includes transition metals and organic compounds. Once in contact with the lungs' epithelium, PM components initiate the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, macrophage activation, modulation of gene expression, and the activation of transcription factors, which are all related to the physiopathology of chronic respiratory diseases, including cancer. Even though the pathophysiological pathways that give rise to the development of distress and biological damage are not fully understood, scientific evidence indicates that redox-dependent signaling pathways are involved. This article presents an overview of the redox interaction of air pollution inside the human body and the courses related to chronic respiratory diseases.

Current Insights on the Impact of Proteomics in Respiratory Allergies.

Respiratory allergies affect humans worldwide, causing extensive morbidity and mortality. They include allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS), aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and nasal polyps (NPs). The study of respiratory allergic diseases requires new technologies for early and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Omics technologies provide the tools required to investigate DNA, RNA, proteins, and other molecular determinants. These technologies include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. However, proteomics is one of the main approaches to studying allergic disorders' pathophysiology. Proteins are used to indicate normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. In this field, the principal goal of proteomics has been to discover new proteins and use them in precision medicine. Multiple technologies have been applied to proteomics, but that most used for identifying, quantifying, and profiling proteins is mass spectrometry (MS). Over the last few years, proteomics has enabled the establishment of several proteins for diagnosing and treating respiratory allergic diseases.

New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease.

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are receptors that act in co-stimulatory and coinhibitory immune responses. Signaling the PD-1/PD-L1 or PD-L2 pathway is essential to regulate the inflammatory responses to infections, autoimmunity, and allergies, and it has been extensively studied in cancer. Allergic diseases include asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis. These overactive immune responses involve IgE-dependent activation and increased CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. Recent studies have shown that PD-L1 and PD-L2 act to regulate T-cell activation and function. However, the main role of PD-1 and its ligands is to balance the immune response; however, the inflammatory process of allergic diseases is poorly understood. These immune checkpoint molecules can function as a brake or a kick-start to regulate the adaptive immune response. These findings suggest that PD-1 and its ligands may be a key factor in studying the exaggerated response in hypersensitivity reactions in allergies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 and PD-L2 pathway regulation in allergic diseases and how this immunomodulatory pathway is currently being targeted to develop novel therapeutic immunotherapy.

Synthesis and Characterization of Stiff, Self-Crosslinked Thermoresponsive DMAA Hydrogels.

Stiff thermosensitive hydrogels (HG) were synthesized by self-crosslinking free radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), adjusting the degree of swelling by carboxylate-containing sodium acrylate (NaAc) or a 2-oxazoline macromonomer (MM). The formation of hydrogels was possible due to the self-crosslinking property of DMAA when polymerized with peroxodisulfate initiator type. The MM was synthetized by the ring-opening cationic polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOxa) and methyl-3-(oxazol-2-yl)-propionate (EsterOxa), and contained a polymerizable styryl endgroup. After ester hydrolysis of EsterOxa units, a carboxylate-containing MM was obtained. The structure of the hydrogels was confirmed by 1H high-resolution (HR)-MAS NMR spectroscopy. Suitable conditions and compositions of the comonomers have been found, which allowed efficient self-crosslinking as well as a thermoresponsive swelling in water. Incorporation of both the polar comonomer and the macromonomer, in small amounts furthermore allowed the adjustment of the degree of swelling. However, the macromonomer was better suited to retain the thermoresponsive behavior of the poly (NIPAAm) due to a phase separation of the tangling polyoxazoline side chains. Thermogravimetric analysis determined that the hydrogels were stable up to ~ 350 °C, and dynamic mechanical analysis characterized a viscoelastic behavior of the hydrogels, properties that are required, for example, for possible use as an actuator material.

Down-regulation of PvTRX1h increases nodule number and affects auxin, starch, and metabolic fingerprints in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

The legume-rhizobium symbiotic relationship has been widely studied and characterized. However, little information is available about the role of histone lysine methyltransferases in the legume-rhizobium interaction and in the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules in the common bean. Thus, this study aimed to gain a better understanding of the epigenetic control of nodulation in the common bean. Specifically, we studied the role of PvTRX1h, a histone lysine methyltransferase coding gene, in nodule development and auxin biosynthesis. Through a reverse genetics approach, we generated common bean composite plants to knock-down PvTRX1h expression. Here we found that the down-regulation of PvTRX1h increased the number of nodules per plant, but reduced the number of colony-forming units recovered from nodules. Genes coding for enzymes involved in the synthesis of the indole-3-acetic acid were up-regulated, as was the concentration of this hormone. In addition, PvTRX1h down-regulation altered starch accumulation as determined by the number of amyloplasts per nodule. Metabolic fingerprinting by direct liquid introduction-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DLI-ESI-MS) revealed that the root nodules were globally affected by PvTRX1h down-regulation. Therefore, PvTRX1h likely acts through chromatin histone modifications that alter the auxin signaling network to determine bacterial colonization, nodule number, starch accumulation, hormone levels, and cell proliferation.

imaginario de la familia como construccion social / sss

La evidencia clinica, las formulaciones teoricas y los hallazgos de la investigacion abocadas al estudio de este fenomeno alcanzado por medio de la encuesta, la entrevista, la observacion directa indican que el: 80 por ciento de las personas corresponden a la escolaridad basica y medio, el 100 por ciento señalo que un hospital psiquiatrico es cerrado vigilado, 55 personas de las 60 personas encuestadas respondieron que son los locos que son internados en un hospital psiquiatrico, el 77 por ciento dice sentir pena miedo frente a un transtornado mental, el 90 por ciento consulto previamente en otro centro de salud antes de acudir al psiquiatrico...

Pediatría / Pediatrics

El libro de pediatría del dr. Juan Carlos Jarandilla Rueda, en esta primera edición, es un libro práctico, agíl de leer, donde sin abundar en detalles, expone los conceptos fundamentales de temas clínicos cuidadosamente seleccionados, vemos las patologías prevalentes en nuestro medio y las urgencias pediatricas, enfocadas con la autoridad que da la docencia aunada con la práctica hospitalaria y en particular, la vivencia en el servicio de terapia intensiva del Hospital de Niños Dr. Mario Ortiz Suárez.

Neonatología / Neonatology

En esta primera parte se toma los siguientes temas: métodos de diagnósticos prenatales, atención del recien nacido, enferemedad de membrana hialina, sepsis, paro cardiorespiratorio y reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal, ictericia en el recién nacido, hipoglucemia, enterocolitis necrotizante y convulsiones neonatales

Crecimiento y desarrollo / Growth and development

Esta parte contiene en sus capitulos: creciemiento y desarrollo fetal, crecimiento y desarrollo psicomotor del recien nacido, el nacimiento y la primera infancia, adolescencia

Nutrición / Nutrition

Esta parte contiene en sus capitulos los siguientes temas: necesidades nutricionales, lactancia materna y transtornos de la nutrición - malnutrición

Hidratación y medio interno / Hydration and internal environment

Esta parte contiene los siguientes capítulos: metabolismo del agua, metabolismo del sodio, metabolismo del potasio, metabolismo del calcio, deshidratación aguda y rehidratación, deshidrataciónhiponatrémica, deshidratación hipernatrémica, manejo del potasio y alteraciones del equilibrio ácido/base

Aparato respiratorio / Respiratory tract

Esta parte en sus capitulos trata sobre: tuberculosis, asma, bronquiolitis, neumonías, neumotórax, derrames y atelectasia

Aparato cardiovascular / Cardiovascular system

Esta parte contiene los siguientes capitulos: exploración cardiológica, estudio del lactante o del niño con cardiopatía congénita, miocarditis viral, insuficiencia cardiaca, hipertensión arterial, fiebre reumática y reanimación cardiopulmonar

Aparato digestivo / Digestive system

Esta parte contiene los siguientes capitulos: labio leporino y fisura palatina, atresia y fístula traqueoesofágica, reflujo gastroesofágico, estenosis congénita del piloro, obstrucción duodenal, atresia intestinal (yeyunal e ideal), obstrucción intestinal, malarrotación, ileo, adherencias, gastroenteritis, transtornos de malaabsorción, enfermedad celiaca, parasitosis intestinal, ascaridiasis, enterobiasis, uncinariasis, estrongiloidiasis, trichuriasis, teniasis, amebiasis, giardiasis, hepatitis, hepatitis cronica, insuficiencia hepatica fulminante y Sindrome de Reye

Enfermedades infecciosas / Infectious diseases

Esta parte contiene los siguientes temas: sarampión, rubeóla, parotiditis, citomegalovirus, mononucleosis infecciosa, eritema infeccioso, exantema súbito, toxoplasmosis, infecciones por enterovirus, varicela-zoster, infecciones por salmonella, shigelosis, paludismo, chagas agudo, dengue, inmunizaciones, uso racional de agentes antinfecciosos

Sistema nervioso central / Central nervous system

Esta parte contiene los siguientes temas: convulsión febril, meningitis viral, meningitis bacteriana, meningitis tuberculosa, epilepsias, sindrome de hipertensión intracraneana, traumatismos de craneo, el coma en la infancia, muerte cerebral

Cirugía y ortopedia / Surgery and orthopedics

Esta parte contiene los siguientes temas: Trauma, hernias inguinales, invaginacion,apendicitis,osteomielitis, dsiplasia del desarrollo la cadera, pie quino varo congenito, pie plano, enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes

Nefrología / Nephrology

Esta parte contiene los siguientes temas: infección urinaria, insuficiencia renal aguda, sindrome nefritico agudo, sindrome hemolitico uremico, sindrome nefrotico idiopático, insuficiencia renal cronica,dialisis peritoneal