RESUMEN
VHL gene is often inactivated in sporadic clear cell renal cancer (CCRC) due to somatic mutations, and it's germline mutations cause hereditary CCRC--von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Localization of mutations in VHL, identification of new mutations and their influence on CCRC progression and sensitivity to targeted therapy are actual problems in modern oncogenetics. We have provided search and characterization of mutations in 248 primary CCRC using SSCP-analysis and sequencing. Somatic mutations were detected in 37.5% of samples, 72% of mutations were identified for the first time. New missense-mutations were analyzed by alignment programs and three-dimensional structure modeling. Mutation frequency was compared in different groups of patients in respect to stage, grade, and metastases. It was demonstrated that 39.1% samples with stage I harbor somatic mutations, however, no association with progression or metastases was found. We also have investigated localization of mutations in the VHL coding part and positions of missense-mutations and inframe deletions/insertions focusing on VHL critical sequences. VHL mutation analysis performed in this study improve the possibilities of laboratory diagnostics of familial and sporadic CCRC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales/genética , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Mutación Puntual/genética , Proteína Supresora de Tumores del Síndrome de Von Hippel-Lindau/genética , Enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/genética , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau/patologíaRESUMEN
The adaptation of techniques of molecular genetic analysis into clinical practice increased the possibilities of diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer at early stage of disease development. The article discusses the results of cytological and cytogenetic examination of urine cells in patients with diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer. The sampling consisted of 44 cytological and 25 cytogenetic tests. The results of both methods of diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer matched in 12 cases. Besides, in 2 tests the carcinoma of urinary bladder was confirmed only by using molecular genetic technique.
Asunto(s)
Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Diagnóstico Precoz , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/métodos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/orinaAsunto(s)
Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/prevención & control , Fotoquimioterapia , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patologíaAsunto(s)
Ganglios Linfáticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Anciano , Humanos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Ganglios Linfáticos/cirugía , Metástasis Linfática/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , CintigrafíaAsunto(s)
Anilidas/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/uso terapéutico , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Prostatectomía , Neoplasias de la Próstata/terapia , Anciano , Anilidas/administración & dosificación , Anilidas/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nitrilos , Próstata/efectos de los fármacos , Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Compuestos de TosiloRESUMEN
The trial conducted in the Primorsk Regional Cancer Hospital of Vladivostok and P. A. Herzen Moscow Research Cancer Institute studied effectiveness and tolerance of cyproteron acetate (CA) monotherapy and maximal androgenic block (MAB) (CA + surgical or CA + drug castration). A total of 70 patients with localized, locally advanced and generalized prostatic cancer entered the trial. They were divided into three groups: group 1 (54.3%) patients received CA monotherapy--300 mg/day, group 2 (27.1% patients) was exposed to MAB by surgical castration and received CA in a dose 200 mg/day, group 3 (18.6% patients) were exposed to MAB by drug castration and received 200 mg/day CA. The results obtained show that CA monotherapy and MAB have similar effectiveness in favourable prognostic signs. CA monotherapy was less toxic than CA combination with castratio.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Acetato de Ciproterona/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Tolerancia a Medicamentos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Orquiectomía , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugíaAsunto(s)
Antagonistas de Andrógenos/uso terapéutico , Anilidas/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/administración & dosificación , Anilidas/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Nitrilos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/fisiopatología , Compuestos de TosiloAsunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Pamoato de Triptorelina/uso terapéutico , Adenocarcinoma/sangre , Adenocarcinoma/secundario , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Humanos , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Orquiectomía , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Testosterona/sangre , Factores de Tiempo , Pamoato de Triptorelina/administración & dosificación , Pamoato de Triptorelina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The authors' experience with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in 129 patients with a tumorous process at various sites has demonstrated that in most clinical events, single radiation doses of 10-20 Gy is insufficient to have a persistent local effect and requires additional pre- or postoperative remote irradiation. The use of IORT as a single component of radiation exposure does not lead to significant radiation damages to normal tissues. When IORT is combined with remote irradiation (the latter using doses of 30-60 Gy), 30% of patients develop radiation-induced normal tissue lesions. In the context of enhancing the local effect and, if possible, decreasing the dose of remote irradiation, it is expedient to increase IORT doses, which is in turn fraught with higher incidence and severity of radiation lesions. In this connection, it seems urgent to have a look for the potentialities to expand the radiotherapeutical range. This follows several directions.
Asunto(s)
Cuidados Intraoperatorios/métodos , Radioterapia de Alta Energía/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Terapia Combinada , Electrones/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Cuidados Intraoperatorios/instrumentación , Cuidados Intraoperatorios/tendencias , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Neoplasias/cirugía , Aceleradores de Partículas , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Radioterapia de Alta Energía/instrumentación , Radioterapia de Alta Energía/tendenciasRESUMEN
53 patients underwent functionally sparing operations which imply electrosurgical maxillectomy with alveolar process and hard palate left intact as well as eyeball preserving resections. At termination of the surgical intervention cyanoacrylate glue compounds incorporating cytostatics bleomycin or carminomycin were applied to the walls of the postoperative cavity. Maxillary alveolar process and hard palate were preserved when the tumor arose from maxillary posterior superior segments, ethmoidal labyrinth and upper nasal cavity. In orbital direction of the tumor spread the eyeball was spared when the lesion was confined to orbital wall and if intraorbital fat was uninvolved. 3-year survival after the above operations made up 60.4%. The method is believed oncologically effective and functionally, cosmetically sparing.
Asunto(s)
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Bleomicina/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Carubicina/administración & dosificación , Cianoacrilatos/administración & dosificación , Electrocirugia , Neoplasias Maxilares/cirugía , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Maxilares/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Orbitales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Orbitales/cirugía , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A study of the results of treatment of 170 patients makes a case for combined electrosurgical resection of the maxilla and local chemotherapy with deposited cytostatic drugs for localized malignant tumors of this site. No recurrences were detected within the first 12 months in 75.4% of patients and 52%--in control. Three-year survival in treated patients and controls was 67 and 48%, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Maxilares/terapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Maxilar/cirugía , Neoplasias Maxilares/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/prevención & control , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Cuidados PosoperatoriosRESUMEN
Resistance of erythrocyte membranes, estimated by means of ultrasound hemolysis, was altered 7 days before the cells quantitative changes after simultaneous treatment of intact animals with 5-fluorouracil, administered as solution or in acetate cellulose drug-containing granules, and short-term gas hypoxia. Simultaneous effect of 5-fluorouracil and hypoxia was less toxic for erythropoiesis, while the long-term form of the drug did not affect considerably the liver tissue functions.
Asunto(s)
Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Fluorouracilo/farmacología , Hipoxia/sangre , Animales , Celulosa/análogos & derivados , Portadores de Fármacos , Membrana Eritrocítica/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Eritrocítica/enzimología , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Masculino , Microesferas , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Soluciones , Transaminasas/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Maxilares/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Adulto , Electrocirugia/métodos , Humanos , Neoplasias Maxilares/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/etiología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Pronóstico , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The authors analyze the efficacy of antitumor drugs deposited with cyanoacrylate adhesive solution in therapy of Stages III-IV maxillary tumors. Immediate and late results of therapy with these compositions of 21 patients evidence that such treatment is not associated with the wound or general toxic complications and that wounds may be managed without tampons. Deposition of the drug and its regulated elimination from the composition helps create a high concentration of the agent at the operation site where the tumor elements remained after surgery; this permits expecting better late results.
Asunto(s)
Bleomicina/administración & dosificación , Carubicina/administración & dosificación , Cianoacrilatos/administración & dosificación , Daunorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Maxilar/cirugía , Neoplasias Maxilares/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Implantes de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Maxilar/efectos de los fármacos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados Posoperatorios , RatasRESUMEN
The diagnosis and treatment of pseudotumors of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space are discussed on the basis of 23 cases. It is pointed out that intraoperative morphological study is necessary for making a precise diagnosis. The use of the MK-14 antimicrobial glue improves the results of management of pseudotumors due to the creation of a depo of the antiseptic chlorhexidine in the abdominal cavity with simultaneous air-tightness of the wounds and hemostasis.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Abdominales/cirugía , Fibroma/cirugía , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/cirugía , Neoplasias Abdominales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Abdominales/patología , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Fibroma/diagnóstico , Fibroma/patología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/patología , Adhesivos Tisulares/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Celulosa/análogos & derivados , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Microesferas , Ovario/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Antitumor efficacy of a medical adhesive MK-8-based polymer drug composition with prospidin has been studied in 49 Wistar rats, and the kinetics of the drug elimination has been followed up in 112 rats. The findings evidence a prolongation of a relapse-free period and a longer survival of the animals. Clinical trials of the composition have been carried out. Of the 70 patients with esophageal carcinomas 52 ones had local disseminated forms, conforming to T4P3-4 indices. Application of the adhesive composition has not increased the rate of postoperative complications and in some cases considerably prolonged the life span of patients after palliative surgery.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Cianoacrilatos/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Piperazinas/administración & dosificación , Prospidio/administración & dosificación , Adhesivos Tisulares/administración & dosificación , Animales , Carcinosarcoma/cirugía , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Sustancias Macromoleculares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados Paliativos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Sarcoma Experimental/cirugíaRESUMEN
An increase of doxorubicin concentration in different organs and tissues and its decrease in the peripheral blood were observed when studying pharmacokinetics of this drug administered in the 10% solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone. A prolonged and stable release of carminomycin from glue composition MK-10-0 "carminacryl" confirms an expediency of alpha-cyanoacrylate use for deposition of anthracycline antibiotics with the aim of loco-regional chemotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Carubicina/farmacocinética , Cianoacrilatos/administración & dosificación , Daunorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Doxorrubicina/farmacocinética , Povidona/administración & dosificación , Animales , Carubicina/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Masculino , Vehículos Farmacéuticos , Conejos , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
For the purpose of improving the effectiveness of the chemotherapy of gastrointestinal tract tumours, the experimental investigation of the possibility to deposit the various antitumour preparations in the abdominal cavity by including them into acetylcellulose microspheres was carried out. It was shown that the use of the polymeric drug complexes permits obtaining a significantly more pronounced antitumour effect than the introduction of the same preparation in a free form. A decrease of the toxic effect of the deposited preparations was established.