[Localization of point mutations in the coding part of the VHL gene in clear cell renal cancer].

VHL gene is often inactivated in sporadic clear cell renal cancer (CCRC) due to somatic mutations, and it's germline mutations cause hereditary CCRC--von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Localization of mutations in VHL, identification of new mutations and their influence on CCRC progression and sensitivity to targeted therapy are actual problems in modern oncogenetics. We have provided search and characterization of mutations in 248 primary CCRC using SSCP-analysis and sequencing. Somatic mutations were detected in 37.5% of samples, 72% of mutations were identified for the first time. New missense-mutations were analyzed by alignment programs and three-dimensional structure modeling. Mutation frequency was compared in different groups of patients in respect to stage, grade, and metastases. It was demonstrated that 39.1% samples with stage I harbor somatic mutations, however, no association with progression or metastases was found. We also have investigated localization of mutations in the VHL coding part and positions of missense-mutations and inframe deletions/insertions focusing on VHL critical sequences. VHL mutation analysis performed in this study improve the possibilities of laboratory diagnostics of familial and sporadic CCRC.

[The fluorescent hybridization in situ as applied in diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer].

The adaptation of techniques of molecular genetic analysis into clinical practice increased the possibilities of diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer at early stage of disease development. The article discusses the results of cytological and cytogenetic examination of urine cells in patients with diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer. The sampling consisted of 44 cytological and 25 cytogenetic tests. The results of both methods of diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer matched in 12 cases. Besides, in 2 tests the carcinoma of urinary bladder was confirmed only by using molecular genetic technique.

[Evaluation of efficacy of cyproterone acetate monotherapy in prostatic cancer]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti monoterapii raka predstatel'noi zhelezy s ispol'zovaniem tsiproterona atseta.

The trial conducted in the Primorsk Regional Cancer Hospital of Vladivostok and P. A. Herzen Moscow Research Cancer Institute studied effectiveness and tolerance of cyproteron acetate (CA) monotherapy and maximal androgenic block (MAB) (CA + surgical or CA + drug castration). A total of 70 patients with localized, locally advanced and generalized prostatic cancer entered the trial. They were divided into three groups: group 1 (54.3%) patients received CA monotherapy--300 mg/day, group 2 (27.1% patients) was exposed to MAB by surgical castration and received CA in a dose 200 mg/day, group 3 (18.6% patients) were exposed to MAB by drug castration and received 200 mg/day CA. The results obtained show that CA monotherapy and MAB have similar effectiveness in favourable prognostic signs. CA monotherapy was less toxic than CA combination with castratio.

[Intraoperative radiation therapy: its technological support, potentials and prospects]. / Intraoperatsionnaia luchevaia terapiia: tekhnologicheskoe obespechenie, vozmozhnosti, perspektivy.

The authors' experience with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in 129 patients with a tumorous process at various sites has demonstrated that in most clinical events, single radiation doses of 10-20 Gy is insufficient to have a persistent local effect and requires additional pre- or postoperative remote irradiation. The use of IORT as a single component of radiation exposure does not lead to significant radiation damages to normal tissues. When IORT is combined with remote irradiation (the latter using doses of 30-60 Gy), 30% of patients develop radiation-induced normal tissue lesions. In the context of enhancing the local effect and, if possible, decreasing the dose of remote irradiation, it is expedient to increase IORT doses, which is in turn fraught with higher incidence and severity of radiation lesions. In this connection, it seems urgent to have a look for the potentialities to expand the radiotherapeutical range. This follows several directions.

[Functionally sparing surgery in locally spread malignant maxillary tumors and the use of local chemotherapy]. / Funktsional'no-shchadiashchie operatsii pri mestno-rasprostranennykh zlokachestvennykh opukholiakh verkhnei cheliusti s ispol'zovaniem lokal'noi khimioterapii.

53 patients underwent functionally sparing operations which imply electrosurgical maxillectomy with alveolar process and hard palate left intact as well as eyeball preserving resections. At termination of the surgical intervention cyanoacrylate glue compounds incorporating cytostatics bleomycin or carminomycin were applied to the walls of the postoperative cavity. Maxillary alveolar process and hard palate were preserved when the tumor arose from maxillary posterior superior segments, ethmoidal labyrinth and upper nasal cavity. In orbital direction of the tumor spread the eyeball was spared when the lesion was confined to orbital wall and if intraorbital fat was uninvolved. 3-year survival after the above operations made up 60.4%. The method is believed oncologically effective and functionally, cosmetically sparing.

[The current status of the problem and the treatment possibilities in disseminated malignant neoplasms of the maxilla]. / Sovremennoe sostoianie problemy i vozmozhnosti lecheniia rasprostranennykh zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii verkhnei cheliusti.

A study of the results of treatment of 170 patients makes a case for combined electrosurgical resection of the maxilla and local chemotherapy with deposited cytostatic drugs for localized malignant tumors of this site. No recurrences were detected within the first 12 months in 75.4% of patients and 52%--in control. Three-year survival in treated patients and controls was 67 and 48%, respectively.

[Qualitative and quantitative assessment of blood erythrocytes of intact animals under the effect of 5-fluorouracil in solution and in microspheres made of acetylcellulose combined with short-term gas hypoxia]. / Kachestvennaia i kolichestvennaia otsenka éritrotsitov krovi intaktnykh zhivotnykh pri deistvii 5-ftoruratsila v rastvore i v mikrosferakh iz atsetiltselliulozy v sochetanii s kratkovremennoi gazovoi gipoksiei.

Resistance of erythrocyte membranes, estimated by means of ultrasound hemolysis, was altered 7 days before the cells quantitative changes after simultaneous treatment of intact animals with 5-fluorouracil, administered as solution or in acetate cellulose drug-containing granules, and short-term gas hypoxia. Simultaneous effect of 5-fluorouracil and hypoxia was less toxic for erythropoiesis, while the long-term form of the drug did not affect considerably the liver tissue functions.

[Use of cytostatics in polymer-drug complexes in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the maxilla]. / Primenenie tsitostatikov v sostave polimerlekarstvennykh kompleksov pri lechenii zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii verkhnei cheliusti.

The authors analyze the efficacy of antitumor drugs deposited with cyanoacrylate adhesive solution in therapy of Stages III-IV maxillary tumors. Immediate and late results of therapy with these compositions of 21 patients evidence that such treatment is not associated with the wound or general toxic complications and that wounds may be managed without tampons. Deposition of the drug and its regulated elimination from the composition helps create a high concentration of the agent at the operation site where the tumor elements remained after surgery; this permits expecting better late results.

[Diagnosis and treatment of pseudotumors of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space]. / Diagnostika i lechenie psevdoopukholei briushnoi polosti i zabriushinnogo prostranstva.

The diagnosis and treatment of pseudotumors of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space are discussed on the basis of 23 cases. It is pointed out that intraoperative morphological study is necessary for making a precise diagnosis. The use of the MK-14 antimicrobial glue improves the results of management of pseudotumors due to the creation of a depo of the antiseptic chlorhexidine in the abdominal cavity with simultaneous air-tightness of the wounds and hemostasis.

[Immediate results of the use of prospidin in a cyanoacrylate glue compound in cancer of the esophagus]. / Neposredstvennye rezul'taty primeneniia prospidina, deponirovannogo tsianakrilatnoi kleevoi kompozitsiei, pri rake pishchevoda.

Antitumor efficacy of a medical adhesive MK-8-based polymer drug composition with prospidin has been studied in 49 Wistar rats, and the kinetics of the drug elimination has been followed up in 112 rats. The findings evidence a prolongation of a relapse-free period and a longer survival of the animals. Clinical trials of the composition have been carried out. Of the 70 patients with esophageal carcinomas 52 ones had local disseminated forms, conforming to T4P3-4 indices. Application of the adhesive composition has not increased the rate of postoperative complications and in some cases considerably prolonged the life span of patients after palliative surgery.

[Pharmacokinetics of anthracycline antibiotics deposited by polymers]. / Izuchenie farmakokinetiki antratsiklinovykh antibiotikov deponirovannykh polimerami.

An increase of doxorubicin concentration in different organs and tissues and its decrease in the peripheral blood were observed when studying pharmacokinetics of this drug administered in the 10% solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone. A prolonged and stable release of carminomycin from glue composition MK-10-0 "carminacryl" confirms an expediency of alpha-cyanoacrylate use for deposition of anthracycline antibiotics with the aim of loco-regional chemotherapy.

[Experimental evaluation of tumor therapy with cytostatic agents deposited in the abdominal cavity in acetylcellulose]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka terapii opukholei tsitostaticheskimi preparatami, deponirovannymi v briushnoi polosti atsetiltselliulozoi.

For the purpose of improving the effectiveness of the chemotherapy of gastrointestinal tract tumours, the experimental investigation of the possibility to deposit the various antitumour preparations in the abdominal cavity by including them into acetylcellulose microspheres was carried out. It was shown that the use of the polymeric drug complexes permits obtaining a significantly more pronounced antitumour effect than the introduction of the same preparation in a free form. A decrease of the toxic effect of the deposited preparations was established.