A virtual-reality subtotal tonsillectomy simulator.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a virtual-reality subtotal tonsillectomy simulation for surgical training. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computer models of a male patient's head and throat, and the surgical instrument, were created. These models were combined with custom-built simulation software. Recently developed tissue simulation technology that exploits recent developments in programmable graphics processing units was used to model tonsillar tissue in a way that allows surgical interaction whilst providing accurate tactile feedback. Current real-time rendering techniques were used to provide realistic visuals. Iterative refinements were made to the simulation, and in particular the tissue simulation, in consultation with relevantly experienced surgeons. RESULTS: We have used newly developed tissue simulation technology to developed a novel virtual-reality subtotal tonsillectomy simulation for surgical training, the first of its kind. CONCLUSION: Early feedback suggests that this simulator can help surgeons to rapidly acquire subtotal tonsillectomy surgical skills in a risk-free and realistic virtual environment.

A virtual reality throat examination simulation.

Computer based patient simulators can provide an alternative to inanimate clinical skills training. Here we present a virtual reality throat examination simulation capable of simulating a range of throat pathologies. The computer interface employs haptic feedback to allow students to interact naturally with the software.

A virtual reality 3D jigsaw for teaching anatomy.

Virtual Reality has some advantages over traditional teaching and learning media. Here we describe a VR Jigsaw which uses a novel interface to facilitate learning the anatomy of the skull. A small trial was performed which indicates that the software succeeds at engaging students and suggests that their comprehension of complex 3D structures was improved.

Virtual patient monitors for new user familiarization.

We demonstrate web-based ECG monitor simulators that enable students to gain and demonstrate competence with equipment specific to a particular workplace.