RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the role of the genetic variants of two synaptic vesicle proteins (VAMP2 and Synaptotagmin XI) and two presynaptic plasma membrane proteins (Syntaxin 1A and SNAP-25) in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). METHOD: Eighty-five patients with IGE and 93 healthy subjects were included in the study. We analyzed the functional polymorphisms of VAMP2, Synaptotagmin XI, Syntaxin 1A and SNAP-25 genes with polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. RESULTS: In the patients with IGE, significant differences alleles and genotypes of 26 bp Ins/Del polymorphism of the VAMP2 gene and the 33-bp promoter region of Synaptotagmin XI were observed, however no associaton was found regarding Intron 7 rs1569061 of Syntaxin 1A gene, MnlI rs3746544 and DdeI rs1051312 polymorphisms of SNAP-25 gene compared with healthy subjects. Carriers of the C allele of Synaptotagmin XI had worse measures compared with the T allele of Synaptotagmin XI. In the haplotype analysis, the frequency of the T alleles of rs1569061 and of the C alleles of the 33-bp promoter region of Synaptotagmin XI was found to be significantly higher in patients with IGE as compared with the healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: The genetic variations of VAMP2, Synaptotagmin XI might be indication of the relationship between these genes and IGE.
Asunto(s)
Epilepsia Generalizada/genética , Proteína 25 Asociada a Sinaptosomas/genética , Sinaptotagminas/genética , Sintaxina 1/genética , Proteína 2 de Membrana Asociada a Vesículas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Epilepsia Generalizada/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Vesículas Sinápticas/genética , Vesículas Sinápticas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate in-house antibiotic use in a state hospital in Turkey with its cost, using the ATC/DDD index, which is an accepted standard method. METHODS: This study was performed as a point prevalence study in a state hospital with 372 beds. All in-house patients using antibiotics on July 19, 2011 were included in the study. Indications for antibiotic use and information about the patients were recorded on special forms. Antibiotic use and cost analysis were evaluated using the ATC/DDD index, which is also suggested by the WHO to be used in similar studies. FINDINGS: 147 patients out of 308 patients who were in-house were identified to use antibiotics with appropriate indications for prophylaxis or treatment in 61% of the patients. The rate of appropriate antibiotic use was identified to be in 78%, while this rate was 38.9% in surgical clinics. The daily cost of the antibiotics consumed on the date of the study was calculated as 4104.79 TL (=2476.80 USD). DISCUSSION: The rate of inappropriate use of antibiotics seems to be high in our hospital. This will result in both increased costs and also increased nosocomial infection rates with resistant species. Infectious disease specialists should take more active roles in the in-house antibiotic use, hospitals should prepare and implement their own principles of antibiotic use, and microbiology laboratories should be used more effectively. These measures would decrease the conspicuous shortcomings in the antibiotic use.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Revisión de la Utilización de Medicamentos/métodos , Antibacterianos/economía , Femenino , Hospitales Generales , Humanos , Prescripción Inadecuada/efectos adversos , Prescripción Inadecuada/economía , Masculino , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Mal Uso de Medicamentos de Venta con Receta/efectos adversos , Mal Uso de Medicamentos de Venta con Receta/economía , Turquía , Organización Mundial de la SaludRESUMEN
In this report, a case with vitamin B12 deficiency showing a temporary confusion depending on the usage of naratriptan during the migraine attack was presented.
