Temporal changes in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities after ischemia and reperfusion in a rat liver ischemia model: effect of dietary fish oil.

This study investigated the hypothesis that administration of tilapia fish oil diet would attenuate warm liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and whether fish oil modulates prooxidant/antioxidant status. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 30 min of approximately 70% hepatic ischemia followed by 1, 12, and 24 h reperfusion. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group (SO), control-warm hepatic ischemia (WI) group, and Oil-WI group given tilapia oil for 3 weeks followed by liver IRI. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured in the plasma. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured in liver fractions. In the sham group, there was no enzymatic or histological change. I/R caused significant increase in serum AST, ALT, and tissue TBARS levels. As compared to the control group, animals treated with tilapia oil experienced a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in AST and ALT levels in reperfusion periods. Tissue TBARS levels in Oil-WI group were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced as compared to control group at 60 min after reperfusion. After ischemia, 1, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion, CAT, SOD, and GPx values were the lowest in the Oil-WI group and highest in the control group and were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Histological analysis also revealed that fish oil provided some protection compared with the control group. Tilapia oil exerts a protective effect during the early phase of reperfusion, and it modulates prooxidant/antioxidant status of rat liver subjected to warm IRI.

Sentinel lymph node sampling in gynaecological cancers: techniques and clinical applications.

BACKGROUND: The sentinel lymph node (SLN) is defined as the first node in the lymphatic basin that receives primary lymphatic flow. If the SLN is negative for metastatic disease, then other nodes are expected to be disease-free. Sentinel node techniques have received widespread application in the staging and treatment of many tumours including melanoma, breast and vulval cancers. The aim of this review is to evaluate the technique and the prognostic significance of the SLN concept in gynaecological malignancies. METHODS: A comprehensive computer literature search to identify relevant articles on SLN biopsy in women with gynaecological cancer. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to 2008 were searched for the following terms: "vulva, cervix, uterine, ovarian, neoplasm, carcinoma, lymph node metastases, sentinel node, technique, and prognosis" as medical subject headings (MeSH). Articles selected included reviews, clinical studies, letters, comments, conference proceedings, unpublished data and case reports. Non-English articles were excluded. RESULTS: Variation in the detection methods of SLN was observed among the studied literature. Large trials have been concluded for both vulval and cervical cancers showing improved detection of SLNs with the added advantage of decreased morbidity. The detection protocol of SLN in endometrial cancer is yet to be refined. Less work has been observed with regards to the SLN sampling in ovarian tumours. CONCLUSIONS: The SLN procedure appears to reliably predict the metastatic status of the regional lymphatic basin in patients with vulval and cervical cancers. More work is needed to establish the role of SLN sampling in endometrial and ovarian cancers.

Bacterial vaginosis in a district genitourinary medicine department: significance of vaginal microbiology and anaerobes.

The aim of this study was to correlate the significance of vaginal microbiology, in particular its anaerobic component, to the presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), and to review the clinical criteria used in the diagnosis of this condition. Ninety-two female patients who received routine STD screening were studied. After routine history, presence and character of vaginal discharge and vaginal pH were noted, an amine test performed, and a wet stain observed microscopically. Routine Gram stain smears and cultures were prepared. BV was diagnosed clinically in 28 (30%) of our sample, and Gardnerella vaginalis was cultured in 41 patients (45%). Both clue cells and anaerobes were closely associated with each other and both mutually exclusive with the presence of lactobacilli on Gram stain (P < 0.001). BV was found to be strongly associated with the presence of clue cells on the wet film, anaerobes and G. vaginalis. In conclusion, bacterial vaginosis is not only strongly associated with the presence of G. vaginalis in the vaginal flora, but more strongly with the presence of anaerobes. The study suggests that the microaerophile G. vaginalis is a commensal organism in a significant proportion of sexually active women. If the aerobic status of the healthy vagina is disrupted, anaerobes (including Gardnerella) will flourish, producing the clinical picture of bacterial vaginosis.

Chrysosporium tropicum as a probable cause of mycosis of poultry in India.

Chrysosporium tropicum was isolated from comb lesions in two different breeds of chickens in India and subcultures were shown to be pathogenic when inoculated onto prepared skin of guinea pigs. This report provides additional evidence to consider Ch. tropicum as a pathogenic fungus and a probable cause of a dermatomycosis in chickens.