RESUMEN
The cytokine macrophage-migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is secreted by a number of cell types upon induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because colitis is dependent on interplay between the mucosal immune system and intestinal bacteria, we investigated the role of MIF in experimental colitis. MIF-deficient mice failed to develop disease, but reconstitution of MIF-deficient mice with wild-type innate immune cells restored colitis. In addition, established colitis could be treated with anti-MIF immunoglobulins. Thus, murine colitis is dependent on continuous MIF production by the innate immune system. Because we found increased plasma MIF concentrations in patients with Crohn's disease, these data suggested that MIF is a new target for intervention in Crohn's disease.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/sangre , Colitis/fisiopatología , Enfermedad de Crohn/sangre , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/fisiología , Traslado Adoptivo , Animales , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Enfermedad Crónica , Colitis/inmunología , Colitis/microbiología , Colitis/prevención & control , Colitis/terapia , Enfermedad de Crohn/inmunología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/deficiencia , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunización Pasiva , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Activación de Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/sangre , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/deficiencia , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/genética , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Modelos Animales , Proteínas Nucleares , Quimera por Radiación , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
During the period from 1 June 1984 to 1 June 1991, 988 pregnant diabetic patients were treated by a team of physicians and obstetricians in Benghazi Diabetic Clinic. Twelve patients were insulin-dependent (type 1) and 976 patients were non-insulin-dependent (type 2). Ninety patients were diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy. Thirty-nine patients defaulted. Eight hundred and seventy-six patients were treated with insulin and 112 patients were controlled by diet. The average daily insulin dose was 40.12 units. The majority, 64.5%, delivered vaginally and 35.5% by caesarean section. Rates of abortion, intra-uterine death and still birth were 7.99%, 3.28% and 2.6%, respectively. The mean birth weight was 3.78 +/- 0.89 kg. Congenital anomalies of infants were 3.4%. Perinatal morality was 11.44%. Poor metabolic control has been associated with increased rates of abortion, intra-uterine death and congenital anomalies. It was concluded that team approach and multiple insulin injections could improve the outcome of pregnancy in developing countries to near current western standards.
