Entangled-Based Quantum Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing and Multiple-Access Networks.

This paper investigates the mathematical model of the quantum wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) network based on the entanglement distribution with the least required wavelengths and passive devices. By adequately utilizing wavelength multiplexers, demultiplexers, and star couplers, N wavelengths are enough to distribute the entanglement among each pair of N users. Moreover, the number of devices employed is reduced by substituting a waveguide grating router for multiplexers and demultiplexers. Furthermore, this study examines implementing the BBM92 quantum key distribution in an entangled-based quantum WDM network. The proposed scheme in this paper may be applied to potential applications such as teleportation in entangled-based quantum WDM networks.

Phase-only femtosecond optical pulse shaping based on an all-dielectric polarization-insensitive metasurface.

Recently, metasurfaces capable of manipulating the amplitude and the phase of an incident wave in a broad frequency band have been employed for femtosecond optical pulse shaping purposes. In this study, we introduce a phase-only pulse shaper based on an all-dielectric CMOS-compatible polarization-insensitive metasurface, composed of Si nano cylinders sitting on a fused silica substrate. The required phase profile of the metasurface for desired waveforms are calculated using an iterative Fourier transform algorithm, and the performance of the pulse shaper metasurface in implementing the phase masks was assessed using full-wave simulations. Such approach for realizing a polarization-insensitive metasurface-based phase-only pulse shaper has never been investigated to the best of our knowledge. It is demonstrated that the simulated results of the proposed metasurface-based pulse shaper is in great agreement with the results of the algorithm, while exhibiting a very high transmission efficiency. This work indicates yet another exciting but not fully examined application of meta-structures that is the optical pulse shaping.

LiFi grid: a machine learning approach to user-centric design: publisher's note.

This publisher's note amends the author listing and affiliation section in Appl. Opt.59, 8895 (2020)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.396804.

LiFi grid: a machine learning approach to user-centric design.

A novel machine learning (ML) clustering algorithm, named light-fidelity (LiFi) Grid, is proposed to design amorphous cells of LiFi access points (APs) in order to maximize the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) from the viewpoint of user-centric (UC) network design. The algorithm consists of two phases. Explicitly, the first phase consists of finding clusters of user densities based on the mean-shift (MS) clustering algorithm. In contrast to some other clustering algorithms, such as K-means, MS does not need to know the number of clusters in advance. Furthermore, the combined transmission scheme is assumed in each cell. In the second phase, this paper proposes a novel clustering algorithm that addresses the problem of grouping APs based on the positions of users-UC design-in optical wireless networks (OWNs). Hence, it addresses the dynamic resource allocation problem in OWNs if APs are considered as network resources. Based on the maximization of minimum SINR metric, LiFi Grid demonstrates the superior performance relative to conventional fixed-shape cell-centric network designs. Additionally, full compatibility of the LiFi Grid clustering algorithm with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard 802.15.7 is also shown.

Wavelength Assignment in Hybrid Quantum-Classical Networks.

Optimal wavelength assignment in dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) systems that integrate both quantum and classical channels is studied. In such systems, weak quantum key distribution (QKD) signals travel alongside intense classical signals on the same fiber, where the former can be masked by the background noise induced by the latter. Here, we investigate how optimal wavelength assignment can mitigate this problem. We consider different DWDM structures and various sources of crosstalk and propose several near-optimal wavelength assignment methods that maximize the total secret key rate of the QKD channels. Our numerical results show that the optimum wavelength assignment pattern is commonly consisted of several interspersed quantum and classical bands. Using our proposed techniques, the total secret key rate of quantum channels can substantially be improved, as compared to conventional assignment methods, in the noise dominated regimes. Alternatively, we can maximize the number of QKD users supported under certain key rate constraints.

Dielectric metasurfaces solve differential and integro-differential equations.

Leveraging subwavelength resonant nanostructures, plasmonic metasurfaces have recently attracted much attention as a breakthrough concept for engineering optical waves both spatially and spectrally. However, inherent ohmic losses concomitant with low coupling efficiencies pose fundamental impediments over their practical applications. Not only can all-dielectric metasurfaces tackle such substantial drawbacks, but also their CMOS-compatible configurations support both Mie resonances that are invariant to the incident angle. Here, we report on a transmittive metasurface comprising arrayed silicon nanodisks embedded in a homogeneous dielectric medium to manipulate phase and amplitude of incident light locally and almost independently. By taking advantage of the interplay between the electric/magnetic resonances and employing general concepts of spatial Fourier transformation, a highly efficient metadevice is proposed to perform mathematical operations including solution of ordinary differential and integro-differential equations with constant coefficients. Our findings further substantiate dielectric metasurfaces as promising candidates for miniaturized, two-dimensional, and planar optical analog computing systems that are much thinner than their conventional lens-based counterparts.

Analog optical computing based on a dielectric meta-reflect array.

In this Letter, we realize the concept of analog computing using an engineered gradient dielectric meta-reflect-array. The proposed configuration consists of individual subwavelength silicon nanobricks, in combination with a fused silica spacer and silver ground plane, realizing a reflection beam with full phase coverage of 2π degrees, as well as an amplitude range of 0 to 1. Spectrally overlapping electric and magnetic dipole resonances, such high-index dielectric metasurfaces can locally and independently manipulate the amplitude and phase of the incident electromagnetic wave. This practically feasible structure overcomes substantial limitations imposed by plasmonic metasurfaces such as absorption losses and low polarization conversion efficiency in the visible range. Using such CMOS-compatible and easily integrable platforms promises highly efficient ultrathin planar wave-based computing systems that circumvent the drawbacks of conventional bulky lens-based signal processors. Based on these key properties and the general concept of spatial Fourier transformation, we design and realize broadband mathematical operators such as the differentiator and integrator in the telecommunication wavelengths.