New-onset lupus nephritis after male-to-female sex reassignment surgery.

We report an original case of a 27-year-old transgender woman who developed lupus nephritis after male-to-female sex reassignment surgery. The patient had been taking hormones to induce feminization since the age of 18. She was admitted with malar "butterfly" rash, anasarca and hypertension, associated with an increase in serum creatinine (1.7 mg/dl). Renal involvement was characterized by nephritic and nephrotic syndrome. Autoantibody tests were positive for antinuclear antibodies and anti-double-stranded DNA, and complement levels were markedly reduced. Renal biopsy demonstrated diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and granular immune complexes deposits with a "full-house" pattern at the immunofluorescence level. The induction treatment was realized with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide and maintenance immunosuppression phase with mycophenolate, obtaining complete remission. We speculated that lupus nephritis was induced by estrogens and antiandrogen therapy and gonadectomy. In the present case, we discuss the role of sex hormones in systemic lupus erythematosus onset and review the cases linked to transgender patients.

Drosophila suzukii in Southern Neotropical Region: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Non-native insect pests are often responsible for important damage to native and agricultural plant hosts. Since Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) has become an important pest in North America and Europe (i.e., in 2008), the global production of soft thin-skinned fruits has faced severe production losses. In the southern Neotropical region, however, the first record of D. suzukii occurred in 2013 in the south of Brazil. It has also been recorded in Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile. Despite its recent occurrence in the southern Neotropical region, the fast dispersion of D. suzukii has inspired local research efforts in an attempt to mitigate the consequences of this insect pest invasion. In this forum, we explore the current status of D. suzukii in southern Neotropical regions, discussing its future perspectives. Additionally, we attempt to draft activities and a research agenda that may help to mitigate the losses caused by D. suzukii in native and commercial soft-skinned fruits produced in this region. Currently, D. suzukii appears to be well established in the south of Brazil, but considering the entire southern Neotropical region, the invasion panorama is still underinvestigated. The lack of studies and regulatory actions against D. suzukii has contributed to the invasion success of this species in this region. Considering several peculiarities of both the pest biology and the environmental of this region, the authors advocate for the need of intensive and integrative studies toward the development and implementation of area-wide integrated pest management programs against D. suzukii in the southern Neotropical region.

Caracterização morfológica dos órgãos internos de reprodução de Spartocera dentiventris (Berg, 1884) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) em diferentes idades / Reproductive organs of Spartocera dentiventris (Berg, 1884) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) at different ages

Nesse estudo foi descrita, mensurada e ilustrada, a genitália interna de machos e fêmeas de Spartocera dentiventris considerando distintas idades. As alterações mais evidentes no sistema reprodutivo foram observadas na largura e no comprimento dos ovários que permitem a distinção entre os estágios imaturo e reprodutivo. As medidas dos órgãos de reprodução de machos não apresentam diferenças significativas nas diferentes idades.

In this work, the internal reproductive organs of Spartocera dentiventris males and females with different ages are described, measured and illustrated. The most significant changes in the reproductive organs were found in the length and width of ovaries, which permit the distinction between immature and reproductive stages. No significant difference was found among the measurements of the reproductive structures of males at the different ages.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DOS ÓRGÃOS INTERNOS DE REPRODUÇÃO DE SPARTOCERA DENTIVENTRIS (BERG, 1884) (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE) EM DIFERENTES IDADES

ABSTRACT In this work, the internal reproductive organs of Spartocera dentiventris males and females with different ages are described, measured and illustrated. The most significant changes in the reproductive organs were found in the length and width of ovaries, which permit the distinction between immature and reproductive stages. No significant difference was found among the measurements of the reproductive structures of males at the different ages.

RESUMO Nesse estudo foi descrita, mensurada e ilustrada, a genitália interna de machos e fêmeas de Spartocera dentiventris considerando distintas idades. As alterações mais evidentes no sistema reprodutivo foram observadas na largura e no comprimento dos ovários que permitem a distinção entre os estágios imaturo e reprodutivo. As medidas dos órgãos de reprodução de machos não apresentam diferenças significativas nas diferentes idades.

Seasonal abundance and mortality of Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in a hibernation refuge.

Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) is an important pest affecting irrigated rice in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It hibernates during the coldest months of the year in refuges such as bamboo litter. This study examined O. poecilus hibernation to determine the causes of mortality during this period. The study was conducted in a 140 m(2) bamboo plantation located in a rice-growing area in Eldorado do Sul County (30 degrees 02 S and 51 degrees 23 W), RS. During June 2000 to April 2002, 63 samples of litter were taken in weekly or fortnightly intervals, and the number of bugs recorded in the laboratory. The arrival at the hibernation site (bamboo litter) began in the first fortnight of March, and was completed in the beginning of May. O. poecilus left this refuge from middle October to the end of December. Parasitism by tachinid flies and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. fungus were the most important mortality factors.

Seasonal abundance and mortality of Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in a hibernation refuge

Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) é praga importante do arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Este inseto hiberna durante os meses mais frios em refúgios como o folhedo de bambu. Este estudo objetivou elucidar a hibernação de O. poecilus e determinar as causas de mortalidade durante este período. O estudo foi realizado em um bambuzal com cerca de 140 m2, situado em área orizícola, em Eldorado do Sul (30° 02’ S e 51° 23’ W), RS. De junho/2000 à abril/2002, foram realizadas 63 amostragens de folhedo, em intervalos semanais ou quinzenais e o número de percevejos registrado em laboratório. A entrada no refúgio de hibernação (folhedo de bambu) iniciou na primeira semana de março, completando-se no início de maio. O. poecilus abandonou o refúgio da metade de outubro até o final de dezembro. O parasitismo por mosca (taquinídeos) e o fungo Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. foram os principais fatores de mortalidade.

Characterization of the imaginal reproductive diapause of Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

The state of development of the internal reproductive organs of male and female Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) as well as the body fat amount in the abdominal cavity during hibernation, of individuals sampled in bamboo litter in Eldorado do Sul (30º02'S and 51º23'W), RS, Brazil was investigated. Females and males showed the abdominal cavity filled with body fat in the beginning of the hibernation phase. The decrease in fat reserve level occurred from August on for males and from October on for females. Ovaries and testis doubled in length and tripled in width from immature to the reproductive phase. Male sexual maturation occurred in the hibernation sites while for females it occurred later on outside of the sites. Reproductive organ immaturity and abdominal body fat hypertrophy characterized the diapause of O. poecilus.

Characterization of the imaginal reproductive diapause of Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

The state of development of the internal reproductive organs of male and female Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) as well as the body fat amount in the abdominal cavity during hibernation, of individuals sampled in bamboo litter in Eldorado do Sul (30 masculine 02'S and 51 degrees 23'W), RS, Brazil was investigated. Females and males showed the abdominal cavity filled with body fat in the beginning of the hibernation phase. The decrease in fat reserve level occurred from August on for males and from October on for females. Ovaries and testis doubled in length and tripled in width from immature to the reproductive phase. Male sexual maturation occurred in the hibernation sites while for females it occurred later on outside of the sites. Reproductive organ immaturity and abdominal body fat hypertrophy characterized the diapause of O. poecilus.