[Distribution of the total quantity of fatty acid double bonds in lipid components of the blood in children with diabetes mellitus]. / Raspredelenie summarnogo kolichestva dvoinykh sviazei zhirnykh kilsot v lipidnykh komponentakh krovi pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

Children suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined for unsaturation, that is, total quantity of double bonds in individual fractions of blood serum lipids was assessed. Lipid fractions were isolated by thin-layer chromatography. Unsaturation was assessed by ozonation method. The research was aimed at elucidation of biochemical criteria of the degree of metabolic disorders in children with IDDM and at development of methods for quantitative assessment of such disorders. Thirty-two inpatients with IDDM aged 7 to 15 were examined over time. Control group included 10 healthy age-matched children. Twenty children were examined during compensation stage (group 1), twelve during decompensation with ketoacidosis (group 2). Total unsaturation parameters were found reliably decreased in children with IDDM both during compensation and decompensation stages vs. those in healthy controls. A relative decrease of unsaturated fatty acids in the fraction of unesterified fatty acids (p < 0.05) was characteristic of group 2, with the content of their fragments in triglyceride fraction being the maximal (p < 0.05). The pattern of total unsaturation distribution in serum lipid fractions may serve as an indicator for metabolic disorders and decompensation in IDDM.

[Mortality in children with diabetes mellitus in Moscow]. / Letal'nost' sredi detei s sakharnym diabetom v Moskve.

Analysis of the mortality of children with insulin-dependent diabetes in Moscow in the eighties revealed a very high specific incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, the principal cause of lethal outcomes occurring in the period of the disease manifestation in more than a half of the analyzed cases. Mortality index among children with diabetes was found higher than in countries with well-developed economy. The overwhelming majority of untimely lethal outcomes of diabetes mellitus in childhood may be prevented.

[Microcirculatory hemostasis in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Mikrotsirkuliatornyi gemostaz u detei s insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Study of microcirculatory hemostasis in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus helped the authors to make new conclusions on metabolic changes underlying blood coagulation cellular factors, namely, the red cell and platelet levels. Fifty children aged 7 to 15, suffering from type I condition, were examined. Ten of these were examined during the compensation stage, 23 during decompensation without ketosis, and 17 with ketoacidosis. Twelve age-matched healthy children were controls. Noticeable disorders in the microcirculatory hemostasis system were revealed in diabetic children, these changes manifesting by changed functional activities of red cells and platelets. Reduced share of platelet deaggregation, increased red cell aggregation time, reduced thromboelastogram chronometric constant and reduction of its structural parameters may be considered as the early signs of these changes. The risk of microcirculatory hemostasis disturbances augments with the disease duration and progress.

[Characteristics of immunobiological resistance of children with diabetes mellitus]. / Kharakteristika immunobiologicheskoi rezistentnosti detei, bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Immunoglobulins and nonspecific defence factors (complement, properdin, lysozyme) were studied over time in 194 children suffering from diabetes mellitus. In 145 children, diabetes mellitus was associated with chronic tonsillitis. Resistance in 49 children was examined depending on the phase of diabetes mellitus. The data obtained indicate that diabetes mellitus is marked by imbalance of nonspecific defence factors and humoral immunity. These changes are obviously related to the disease gravity, phasic nature of the process, diabetes mellitus standing, and the presence of concomitant diseases. No parallelism was established between the level of nonspecific defence factors and specific immunity activity.

[Comparative aspects of the changes in lipid metabolism indicators in lymphocyte and erythrocyte membranes in children with diabetes mellitus]. / Sravnitel'nye aspekty izmenenii pokazatelei metabolizma lipidov v membranakh limfotsitov i éritrotsitov u detei, bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Lipid metabolism in lymphocytes was compared to that in the blood serum and red blood cells. 50 children aged 7 to 15 years suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the phase of decompensation without ketosis were examined. The patients were treated at hospital. 12 healthy children of the same age made up the control group. The changes in the lipid composition of red blood cells were shown to follow "passively" the changes occurring in the lipid composition of the blood serum. On the contrary, the changes in the lipid composition of lymphocyte membranes in IDDM are of "active" nature and may be caused by the displacement of the metabolic changes in lipid to a new pathological level. The changes in the lipid composition of lymphocyte membranes, seen in the phase of IDDM decompensation are one of the main factors responsible for the lowering of lymphocyte function that determines the formation of immunodeficiency followed by the superaddition of infectious diseases.

[Hypoglycemia and epilepsy syndrome in diabetes mellitus in children]. / Gipoglikemiia i épilepticheskii sindrom pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

Eight children suffering from diabetes mellitus and epilepsia were followed up. Emphasis is laid on the necessity of measuring glycemia in diabetes mellitus patients during convulsive attacks as well as on the importance of early diagnosis of epilepsia to institute multimodality treatment.

[Comparative evaluation of the lipid metabolic indices of children with a hereditary predisposition for diabetes and in manifest diabetes mellitus]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka pokazatelei obmena lipidov u detei s nasledstvennoi predraspolozhennost'iu k diabetu i pri iavnom sakharnom diabete.

The paper is concerned with the results of investigation of serum lipid, phospholipid and lipoprotein spectra in 31 sibs, 100 children with diabetes mellitus (DM), 83 women in birth with DM and their fetuses. This study showed a necessity of planned investigation of sibs not only for the detection of glucose tolerance but also of primary and secondary dyslipemia. In children with manifest DM the ratio of lipid, phospholipid and lipoprotein fractions was disturbed and depended upon a degree of compensation, a period of disease and a dose of insulin. The type of changes in the women in birth with DM was the same as during pregnancy: there was an increase in the concentration of total lipids and some of their fractions: nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and atherogenic lipoproteins. Liposynthetic activation observed in infants born to DM mothers, was associated with the metabolic effects of insulin, of which a degree of hypersecretion seemed to determine the type of lipidograms.

[Insulin requirements of patients with initial manifestations and decompensation of diabetes mellitus]. / Insulinovaia potrebnost' pri pervoi manifestatsii i dekompensatsii sakharnogo diabeta.

Altogether 100 children suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were examined. Analysis of insulin requirement was performed in children with the first disease manifestation and in those with varying disease standing with regard to the type of insulin preparations used. According to the clinical observations, mono-component insulin preparations turned out absolutely superior in the attainment of diabetic process compensation in children with a comparatively low insulin requirement in the course of the treatment of the first disease manifestation and insulin requirement appreciably rose with the increase of the disease standing or superaddition of intercurrent diseases.

[Indices of the lipid spectrum of the blood serum and erythrocyte membranes in diabetes mellitus in children]. / Pokazateli spektra lipidov syvorotki krovi i membran éritrotsitov pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

The paper is concerned with the results of a comparative study of the blood serum lipid spectrum and erythrocytic membranes in 100 children with diabetes mellitus aged 7 to 15 and 20 healthy children of the same age. The ratio of lipid and lipoprotein fractions depending on a degree of compensation, duration of disease and the presence of complications was disturbed in the blood serum and erythrocytic membranes of the diabetic children. The recovery of lipid metabolism was delayed as compared to clinical convalescence of the patients, therefore appropriate correcting therapy was required.