[Neonatal parechovirus infection, fever, irritability and myositis]. / Infection à parechovirus du jeune nourrisson.

Human parechovirus (HPeV) is associated with central nervous system infection and sepsis-like illness in newborn infants. The most frequent signs are fever, seizures, irritability, rash, and encephalitis. We report 4 cases of full-term infants with HPeV infection. They were admitted from home to the pediatric emergency unit of our hospital in October 2012. The median age at onset of symptoms was 15 days. They all developed sepsis-like illness with predominantly gastrointestinal disease and irritability. Two patients developed respiratory problems and 2 a skin rash (concerning only the extremities for one). Two patients required hospitalization in an intensive care unit. There was normal or mild inflammatory syndrome, normal white blood cell or mild leukopenia, hepatitis. We describe for the first time elevation of muscular enzymes in 3 of these patients. The diagnosis of HPeV infection was made by positive HPeV real-time PCR in cerebrospinal fluid (including the patient without pleocytosis) and/or blood. HPeV may cause severe disease in the neonatal period and patients presenting with such signs should be evaluated for HPeV. It also should be considered in sudden infant death syndrome.

[Multifocal invasive Kingella kingae infection]. / Infection multifocale invasive à Kingella kingae.

CASE REPORT: A 2-year-old child, non immunodeficient, presented with septicemia due to Kingella kingae successively complicated by meningitis, arthritis of one knee and endocarditis. Outcome was favourable after a long and adjusted antibiotherapy, involving in particular for the endocarditis ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg/d) and amikacin (20 mg/kg/d) during 3 weeks, then amoxicillin per os (200 mg/kg/d) during 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteriologic characteristics of the bacteria, the culture of which requires medium base with additional nutrient are reviewed. The tropism of Kingella kingae is essentially osteoarticular and cardiac as shown by the cases reported in the literature. Its susceptibility to antibiotics explains the frequent favourable outcome.

[Lipomas of the mesentery in young children]. / Lipome du mésentère chez le jeune enfant.

Lipomas of the small bowel and mesentery are exceedingly rare in young pediatric patients. This article reports a case which underlines the difficulty of establishing this diagnosis before exploratory laparotomy.

[Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. Apropos of 3 cases in siblings]. / Adrénoleucodystrophie néonatale. A propos de trois cas d'une même fratrie.

Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy is a recently individualized disease manifested by very early onset of neurologic deterioration. Progression of the disease is rapid and there is no effective therapy. Differences with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy include genetic inheritance, which is autosomal recessive, a more severe prognosis, and presence of multiple peroxisome enzyme deficiencies that justify classification alongside the Zellweger syndrome among the peroxisome disorders. We report three cases in siblings and describe the main clinical and biochemical features.