Does Anzer Propolis Have a Protective Effect on Rabbit Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury?

INTRODUCTION: In this study, Anzer propolis, which can only be obtained from the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey, is studied for its effect on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: A total of 12 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits with an average weight of 3.0 to 3.5 kg were separated into two blind and randomized groups: the ischemia/reperfusion group (n=6) and the treatment group (n=6). Each rabbit in the treatment group was given a dose of 100 mg/kg of ethanol-dissolved Anzer propolis orally 1 hour before surgery. Blood samples were examined at the 0th hour and postoperatively at the 24th and 48th hours. Tissue samples were taken at the 48th hour during the sacrification. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative Tarlov scoring (P=0.012). There was a difference between the two groups in terms of the blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at the 48th hour, myeloperoxidase (MPO) at the 24th and 48th hours, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) at the 24th hour, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and total oxidant status (TOS) at the 48th hour (P<0.005). There was also a difference between the two groups in terms of apoptotic index data obtained with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) method in the histopathological examination (P=0.001). In the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis, while ischemia/reperfusion group generally had axon-myelin separation, axoplasmic dissolution and myelin separation, the propolis treatment group had normal myelin sequencing. DISCUSSION: In our study, after biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural and neurological functional examination, it was demonstrated that Anzer propolis has sufficient neuroprotective effect on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits.

Evaluation of intraperitoneal and incisional bupivacaine or levobupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in ovariohysterectomized dogs

Background: Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is the most commonly performed elective surgical procedure in companionanimals. OHE offers benefits of control of population and decreased risk of potentially life-threatening diseases such asmammarian tumours and pyometra. Traditional OHE intervention causes inflammation and pain due to trauma duringorgan manipulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of intraperitoneal and incisional administrationof bupivacaine (BP) or levobupivacaine (LP) on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing the OHE procedure.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 24 mix-breed bitches aged between 1 - 3 years and weighed 19 - 20 kg wereused in this study. The animals were divided into three groups as control (n = 8), BP (n = 8) and LP group (n = 8). Theanimals were kept under surveillance at the hospitalisation unit of the animal hospital for one day before the elective OHE.The dogs were fasted for 12 h before the surgery, with adlib water consumption. Atropine sulphate 0.045 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously approximately 30 min before general anaesthesia. Midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) was intravenouslyinjected into all dogs for pre-anaesthetic medication. After sedation, anaesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg/kg, IV)and then the dogs were orotracheally intubated using cuffed endotracheal tubes. General anaesthesia was maintained byadministration of 2% isoflurane. The ventral abdomen was prepared aseptically for OHE following the general anaesthesia.All animals were operated on by the same surgeon. During surgery, sprayed bupivacaine 0.5% (4.4 mg/kg) with an equalvolume of saline in BP group, levobupivacaine 0.5% (4.4 mg/kg) with an equal volume of saline in LP were then appliedover the ovaries, uterine broad ligaments and cervix uteri. After removal of the uterine body, either LP or BP was sprayedto left and right, or cranial and caudal parts of the abdominal cavity...(AU)

Evaluation of intraperitoneal and incisional bupivacaine or levobupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in ovariohysterectomized dogs

Background: Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is the most commonly performed elective surgical procedure in companionanimals. OHE offers benefits of control of population and decreased risk of potentially life-threatening diseases such asmammarian tumours and pyometra. Traditional OHE intervention causes inflammation and pain due to trauma duringorgan manipulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of intraperitoneal and incisional administrationof bupivacaine (BP) or levobupivacaine (LP) on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing the OHE procedure.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 24 mix-breed bitches aged between 1 - 3 years and weighed 19 - 20 kg wereused in this study. The animals were divided into three groups as control (n = 8), BP (n = 8) and LP group (n = 8). Theanimals were kept under surveillance at the hospitalisation unit of the animal hospital for one day before the elective OHE.The dogs were fasted for 12 h before the surgery, with adlib water consumption. Atropine sulphate 0.045 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously approximately 30 min before general anaesthesia. Midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) was intravenouslyinjected into all dogs for pre-anaesthetic medication. After sedation, anaesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg/kg, IV)and then the dogs were orotracheally intubated using cuffed endotracheal tubes. General anaesthesia was maintained byadministration of 2% isoflurane. The ventral abdomen was prepared aseptically for OHE following the general anaesthesia.All animals were operated on by the same surgeon. During surgery, sprayed bupivacaine 0.5% (4.4 mg/kg) with an equalvolume of saline in BP group, levobupivacaine 0.5% (4.4 mg/kg) with an equal volume of saline in LP were then appliedover the ovaries, uterine broad ligaments and cervix uteri. After removal of the uterine body, either LP or BP was sprayedto left and right, or cranial and caudal parts of the abdominal cavity...