Squamous cell carcinoma in chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus)

Background: The companion animal market has changed over the years. The number of people living in small apartments has increased; as a result, the demand for small pets such as exotics, fish, and small rodents has also increased due to their smaller space requirements and ease of handling and care. Pets help relieve anxiety and stress in people suffering from social issues. Small rodents are usually bred in specific cages with cellulose or wood shaving bedding, and fed with commercially available diets. Small rodent clinics struggle due to the lack of scientific reports on some diseases and therapies. To date, the oncology literature is too limited to develop better diagnosis and treatment methods. Here, we report three cases of squamous cell carcinoma in the mandibular region of Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus).Case: Three adult male hamsters averaging 1.5 years old, from different pet stores, bred under home conditions by different owners in Sergipe, Brazil, were brought to the Dr. Vicente Borelli Hospital at Pio X University for exotic veterinary care. Each animal had been bred alone in a specific breeding cage. Each had a history of apathy, loss of appetite, and rapid deformity of the facial region. Radiographs showed areas of bone involvement and extensive injury, with partial resorption of the left ramus and angle of the mandibular region. Due to the location of the tumor mass, the clinical status, and limitations in systemic treatment, euthanasia was recommended for each animal. After anamnesis, the animals were subjected to clinical assessment. A firm and well-circumscribed mass was identified on palpation. In case A, it compromised the left mandible from the angle to the body and extended to the maxillary soft tissues and left superior lips. In case B, it extended from the ramus to the symphysis on the left side and to the maxillary region, similar to case A.[...]

Squamous cell carcinoma in chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus)

Background: The companion animal market has changed over the years. The number of people living in small apartments has increased; as a result, the demand for small pets such as exotics, fish, and small rodents has also increased due to their smaller space requirements and ease of handling and care. Pets help relieve anxiety and stress in people suffering from social issues. Small rodents are usually bred in specific cages with cellulose or wood shaving bedding, and fed with commercially available diets. Small rodent clinics struggle due to the lack of scientific reports on some diseases and therapies. To date, the oncology literature is too limited to develop better diagnosis and treatment methods. Here, we report three cases of squamous cell carcinoma in the mandibular region of Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus).Case: Three adult male hamsters averaging 1.5 years old, from different pet stores, bred under home conditions by different owners in Sergipe, Brazil, were brought to the Dr. Vicente Borelli Hospital at Pio X University for exotic veterinary care. Each animal had been bred alone in a specific breeding cage. Each had a history of apathy, loss of appetite, and rapid deformity of the facial region. Radiographs showed areas of bone involvement and extensive injury, with partial resorption of the left ramus and angle of the mandibular region. Due to the location of the tumor mass, the clinical status, and limitations in systemic treatment, euthanasia was recommended for each animal. After anamnesis, the animals were subjected to clinical assessment. A firm and well-circumscribed mass was identified on palpation. In case A, it compromised the left mandible from the angle to the body and extended to the maxillary soft tissues and left superior lips. In case B, it extended from the ramus to the symphysis on the left side and to the maxillary region, similar to case A.[...](AU)

Transplantation of human immature dental pulp stem cell in dogs with chronic spinal cord injury.

PURPOSE:: To investigate the therapeutic potential of human immature dental pulp stem cells in the treatment of chronic spinal cord injury in dogs. METHODS:: Three dogs of different breeds with chronic SCI were presented as animal clinical cases. Human immature dental pulp stem cells were injected at three points into the spinal cord, and the animals were evaluated by limb function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pre and post-operative. RESULTS:: There was significant improvement from the limb function evaluated by Olby Scale, though it was not supported by the imaging data provided by MRI and clinical sign and evaluation. CONCLUSION:: Human dental pulp stem cell therapy presents promising clinical results in dogs with chronic spinal cord injuries, if used in association with physical therapy.

Transplantation of human immature dental pulp stem cell in dogs with chronic spinal cord injury

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic potential of human immature dental pulp stem cells in the treatment of chronic spinal cord injury in dogs. Methods: Three dogs of different breeds with chronic SCI were presented as animal clinical cases. Human immature dental pulp stem cells were injected at three points into the spinal cord, and the animals were evaluated by limb function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pre and post-operative. Results: There was significant improvement from the limb function evaluated by Olby Scale, though it was not supported by the imaging data provided by MRI and clinical sign and evaluation. Conclusion: Human dental pulp stem cell therapy presents promising clinical results in dogs with chronic spinal cord injuries, if used in association with physical therapy.(AU)

Transplantation of human immature dental pulp stem cell in dogs with chronic spinal cord injury

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic potential of human immature dental pulp stem cells in the treatment of chronic spinal cord injury in dogs. Methods: Three dogs of different breeds with chronic SCI were presented as animal clinical cases. Human immature dental pulp stem cells were injected at three points into the spinal cord, and the animals were evaluated by limb function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pre and post-operative. Results: There was significant improvement from the limb function evaluated by Olby Scale, though it was not supported by the imaging data provided by MRI and clinical sign and evaluation. Conclusion: Human dental pulp stem cell therapy presents promising clinical results in dogs with chronic spinal cord injuries, if used in association with physical therapy.

Pilot study: bone marrow stem cells as a treatment for dogs with chronic spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Spinal Cord injury is a common, severe, and medically untreatable disease. Since the functional outcomes of acute and experimental chronic spinal cord injury have been shown to improve with stem cell therapy, a case study was conducted to test if the application of stem cell also regenerates chronic SCI dysfunction. Transplantation of foetal bone marrow stem cells was applied in seven dogs with chronic spinal cord injury. Magnetic resonance images and assessments of symptoms according to the Olby scale were used to diagnose the severity of injury. RESULT: All dogs improved locomotor and sensory function when examined 90 days after surgery, and showed increased movement of the hind limbs, and were able to stand upright, as well as to take small steps. Tail tone was observed in seven dogs, pain reflexes and defecation return were observed in five dogs. CONCLUSION: The transplantation of bone marrow stem may be a promising, reliable and safe treatment for chronic spinal cord injury.

Embryonic development of chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) from 1st to 19th day-ectodermal structures.

Birds occupy a prominent place in the Brazilian economy not only in the poultry industry but also as an animal model in many areas of scientific research. Thus the aim of this study was to provide a description of macro and microscopic aspects of the ectoderm-derived structures in chicken embryos / fetuses poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) from 1st to 19th day of incubation. 40 fertilized eggs, from a strain of domestic chickens, with an incubation period of 2-19 days were subjected to macroscopic description, biometrics, light, and scanning microscopy. All changes observed during the development were described. The nervous system, skin and appendages and organs related to vision and hearing began to be identified, both macro and microscopically, from the second day of incubation. The vesicles from the primitive central nervous system-forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain-were identified on the third day of incubation. On the sixth day of incubation, there was a clear vascularization of the skin. The optic vesicle was first observed fourth day of development and on the fifth day there was the beginning of the lens formation. Although embryonic development is influenced by animal line as well as external factors such as incubation temperature, this paper provides a chronological description for chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) during its embryonic development.

Utilização de células tronco da medula óssea de fetos caninos em cães adultos com lesão medular crônica toracolombar / The use of fetus boné marrow stem cells in adult dogs with chronic spinal cord compression

As lesões medulares acometem anualmente milhares de pessoas e animais em todo o mundo, causando diversos prejuízos econômicos e psicológicos. [...] Neste trabalho buscamos avaliar a reposta do tratamento com células-tronco de medula óssea fetal canina em cães com lesão medular crônica toracolombar. Nosso trabalho se baseia em parâmetros clínicos, comportamentais, de imagem e fisioterápicos. Antes de adentrar no experimento, todos os cães foram submetidos a vários exames pré-operatórios (hemograma, exames bioquímicos, eletrocardiograma) para então serem encaminhados para o exame de ressonância nuclear magnética visando um diagnostico mais preciso da lesão. Após esse exame, os cães foram avaliados por fisioterapeutas veterinários que não pertenciam ao nosso grupo de pesquisa para se estabelecer uma pontuação no teste comportamental de Olby. [...] Durante o procedimento foram injetados 1x106 células diretamente em 3 pontos distintos da medula espinhal. Após o procedimento os cães foram encaminhados para a fisioterapia, e por 3 meses, foram submetidos a diversos exercícios de reabilitação com o intuito de potencializar um possível efeito benéfico da terapia celular. Durante a fisioterapia, os animais foram filmados com o intuito de acompanhar a sua evolução, e após o termino da fisioterapia foram novamente avaliados pelos fisioterapeutas. Ao final do experimento 7 animais foram operados e os resultados obtidos demonstraram um aumento do reflexo de marcha em 6 deles. O único animal que não apresentou essa melhora da marcha foi aquele acometido por outra patologia associada à compressão medular. Esses resultados nos levam a sugerir uma ação benéfica da terapia celular em cães portadores de lesão medular crônica. Por outro lado sugere continuar recrutando animais com o objetivo de aprimorar as técnicas utilizadas, para conseguir resultados cada vez melhores

Spinal cord injuries annually involve thousands of people and animals worldwide, causing economic and psychological damages. [...] In this article we aimed to evaluate clinical responses to the treatment using canine fetal bone marrow stem cells in dogs with thoracolumbar chronic spinal cord injury. Our study was based on the evaluation of clinical signs, animal behavior, imaging and physiotherapy aspects. Before clinical-surgery trial, all dogs underwent to preoperative tests as hemogram, blood chemistry, electrocardiogram and to nuclear magnetic resonance exam, in order to stablish more accurate diagnosis of the injury. Following clinical exams, Olby score was determined by evaluating animal behavior. Olby tests were performed by external scientific research group, composed by veterinary phisiotherapists, in order to guarantee blind evaluation. Animals were also tested to deep pain and panniculus reflexes. s, After being evaluated, animals underwent surgical spinal cord decompression and to a 1x106 stem cells injection in three different sites of the spinal cord. After the procedure, dogs were referred to physiotherapy for three months, undergoing to a variety of rehabilitation exercises in order to improve cell therapy hypothetical benefic effect. During therapy, animals were filmed in order to monitor their evolution, and after the end of physiotherapy they were re-evaluated by physiotherapists. At the end of the experiment, 7 animals were operated and had resulted in an increase of reflex motion in 6 of them. The only animal that showed no such improvement was the one whos had other pathology associated with the spinal cord compression, these results lead us to believe in a beneficial action of cell therapy in dogs with chronic spinal cord injury and suggests continue recruiting animas with the aim of improving the techniques used to achieve better results

Characteristics of the equine embryo and fetus from days 15 to 107 of pregnancy.

In spite of numerous, substantial advances in equine reproduction, many stages of embryonic and fetal morphological development are poorly understood, with no apparent single source of comprehensive information. Hence, the objective of the present study was to provide a complete macroscopic and microscopic description of the equine embryo/fetus at various gestational ages. Thirty-four embryos/fetuses were aged based on their crown rump length (CRL), and submitted to macroscopic description, biometry, light and scanning microscopy, as well as the alizarin technique. All observed developmental changes were chronologically ordered and described. As examples of the main observed features, an accentuated cervical curvature was observed upon macroscopic examination in all specimens. In the nervous system, the encephalic fourth ventricle and the encephalic vesicles forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, were visualized from Day 19 (ovulation = Day 0). The thoracic and pelvic limbs were also visualized; their extremities gave rise to the hoof during development from Day 27. Development of other structures such as pigmented optical vesicle, liver, tail, cardiac area, lungs, and dermal vascularization started on Days 25, 25, 19, 19, 34, and 35, respectively. Light and scanning microscopy facilitated detailed examinations of several organs, e.g., heart, kidneys, lungs, and intestine, whereas the alizarin technique enabled visualization of ossification. Observations in this study contributed to the knowledge regarding equine embryogenesis, and included much detailed data from many specimens collected over a long developmental interval.

Uso de esponja hemostática de gelatina para o desenvolvimento de infarto agudo do miocárdio em suínos / Use of the haemostatic gelatin sponge for development of the acute myocardium infarct in swine

O infarto agudo do miocárdio resulta da obstrução temporária de uma coronária com redução de sangue para parte do miocárdio, bastando alguns minutos de interrupção do fluxo sanguíneo para estabelecer a injúria. Foi cateterizado a porção distal da origem do 1° ramo diagonal da artéria coronária interventricular esquerda de dois suínos e infundida solução de esponja hemostática de gelatina. Pós um período de 21 dias os animais foram eutanasiados e o coração foi processado para microscopia de luz, revelando expressiva cicatriz na região apical do ventrículo esquerdo em um animal enquanto que no outro, a lesão estava localizada na parede ventricular esquerda, e com menor extensão. Foi possível observar também a presença de áreas não pertencentes à região infartada, com grande depósito de colágeno, sugerindo um processo bastante heterogêneo. Desta forma, podemos concluir que esta técnica não é interessante para o desenvolvimento de modelo experimental de infarto agudo do miocárdio.

The acute infarction of myocardium results of the temporary blockage of coronary with reduction of blood for part of the myocardium, some minutes of interruption of the sanguineous flow are sufficient for the establishment of injury. Was catheterized the distal portion of the origin of the first diagonal branch of coronary interventricular left artery from two swine and a solution of haemostatic gelatin sponge was infused. After a period of 21 days the animals had been euthanized and the heart was processed for light microscopy, show an expressive scar in the apical region of the left ventricle in an animal whereas in the other, the injury was located in the left ventricular wall, and with lesser extension. It was possible also to observe the presence of areas not pertaining to the infarction region, with great collagen deposit, suggesting a heterogeneous process. In such a way, we can conclude that this technique is not interesting for the development of acute experimental model of infarction of the myocardium.

Quantificação atrial de células mononucleares de medula óssea (CMMO) infundidas via intrapericárdica em suínos submetidos a infarto agudo do miocárdio / Atrial quantification of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) infusioned by intrapericardic route in swine submitted to myocardial infarction

Nas últimas décadas a medicina regenerativa tem se destacado em todo o mundo, graças ao surgimento da terapia com células-tronco, as quais tem grande capacidade de diferenciação em diversos tipos de linhagens celulares, reconstruindo tecidos lesados. A medula óssea, fonte das células utilizadas nesse estudo, contém células-tronco adultas, hematopoiéticas e mesenquimais, pertencentes ao grupo de células mononucleares, que dentre outras funções, são capazes de levar ao remodelamento cardíaco pós-processo isquêmico, e para tanto, podem ser introduzidas no coração sob algumas vias de infusão, sendo que a mais ser recentemente estudada foi a intrapericárdica, a qual foi eleita para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, sendo a qual utilizados 6 suínos, fêmeas, com média de peso de 25Kg, divididos em 2 grupos: 3 animais induzidos ao infarto agudo do mi do miocárdio e tratados com células mononucleares de medula óssea, e 3 animais que apenas receberam as mesmas células, porém não foram induzidos ao infarto (animais controle). As células mononucleares da medula porém óssea foram coletadas e separadas por densidade Ficoll, marcadas com fluorocromo HoechstⓇ e infundidas via intrapericárdica. Após analisarmos os átrios dos animais dos 2 grupos, percebemos que houve uma distribuição homogênea, independente da presença de fator quimiotático no grupo dos animais infartados e que s células foram capazes de sair do espaço pericárdico e transmuralmente ocupar toda a estratigrafia cardíaca. Não houve diferença significativa na quantidade de células encontradas, p>0,01, quando comparamos átrios de animais infartados versus átrios de animais não infartados.

In the last decades, the regenerative medicine have been applied and investigated worldwide due to the stem cell therapy, which has shown high capacity of differentiation into a diverse cell lineage, restoring damaged tissues. In this study we applied bone marrow, which contains adult stem cells, hematopoietic and mesenchimal lineages. Mesenchimal lineage belongs to the mononuclear cell group that among its function, have demonstrated capacity for cardiac remodeling after ischemic processes and, can be introduced into the heart by infusion techniques like intrapericardic technique which has been investigated lately. In this study we investigated the application of intrapericardic technique for mononuclear cell infusion in swine induced to myocardial infarction. We used 6 female swine, averaging 25 kg distributed into control group (3 animals) and experimental group (3 animals), which animal were induced to infarction and received mononuclear cell infusion by intrapericardic technique. Control group received only mononuclear cell infusion by the same technique in normal heart. Mononuclear cells were obtained by Ficoll density and were stained by Hoescht fluorocrome. Atria analysis in both groups revealed a homogeneous distribution of the infusioned cells in the atria with no significant difference, p>0.01 between control and experimental group.

Cultivo de cardiomiócitos suínos / Culture of swine cardiomyocites

A insuficiência cardíaca é uma das doenças mais deletérias no mundo ocidental. Muitas pesquisas foram desenvolvidas com o intuito de promover novos e mais eficientes abordagens terapêuticas para a doença. Estas novas propostas terapêuticas tem ênfase nas origens dos processos patológicos e no reestabelecimento da funcionalidade, tal como nos transplantes de células lisas ou estriadas musculares, de cardiomiócitos fetais e adultos no tecido cardíaco fibrosado. Neste estudo, protocolos desenvolvidos e testados em ratos e camundongos e previamente publicados foram adaptados para cardiomiócitos suínos, objetivando estabelecer um protocolo para cultivo de cardiomiocitos em suínos. Três protocolos foram testados (A- digestão enzimática em coração de adulto, B- digestão enzimática em coração fetal e C- explante de coração adulto e fetal) e apenas um produziu resultados confiáveis (protocolo B) sugerindo a formação de fibras cardíacas, no entanto, faz-se necessária avaliação imunocitoquímica e análises ultraestruturais para a confirmação da hipótese.

Cardiac insufficiency is one of the most harmful disease in the occidental world; A range of researches have been developed in order to provide new and more efficient therapeutics for the disease. New therapeutics purposes have been directed to the origin of the pathological process and aim to re-establish functional physiology, as in transplants of cells like smooth or striated muscular cells, fetal or adult cardiomyocytes into the fibroid myocardium. In this study, previous published protocols developed in rats and mice were adapted for swine cardiomyocytes. The main goal was to stablish a viable protocol for swine cardiomiocyte culture, and the establishment of an experimental model using swine. Three protocols were tested (A - enzimatic digestion in adult heart; B- enzimatic digestion in fetal heart; C - explant of samples of adult and fetal hearts. We observed that protocol B produced a reliable result suggesting cardiac fibre formation, although, further immunecitochemistry and ultrastructural will be investigated to confirm the hypothesis.

Avaliação da técnica de arteriografia cerebral guiada por fluoroscopia em suínos / Evaluation of the cerebral arteriography technique guided for fluoroscopy in swine

The cerebral arteriography is a radiologic exam for demonstration of arterial vascularization using an injection of positive contrast for visualization of blood supply. In this research six pigs were submitted to cerebral arteriography under general anesthesia and with the assistant of fluoroscopy the femoral artery was catheterized until the carotid common right artery using contrast under selective form. The aim of this work was to analyze this technique as a complementary method in cases of suspect of alterations of blood flow. This technique shows be effective to obtain nithid images and to determinate the cerebral irrigation. Keywords: Cerebral arteriography, swine, fluoroscopy.

A arteriografia cerebral é um exame radiológico demonstrativo da vascularização arterial por meio de injeção de solução de contraste radio-positivo possibilitando adequada visualização da vascularização sanguínea. Neste experimento seis suínos foram submetidos à arteriografia cerebral, sob anestesia geral e com auxílio de fluoroscópio, a artéria femoral foi cateterizada e um guia foi direcionado à artéria carótida comum direita de forma seletiva por meio de contraste. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar esta técnica como método complementar ao exame radiográfico simples em casos de suspeita de alteração do fluxo sangüíneo. A técnica mostrou-se efetiva para a obtenção de imagens nítidas e determinação da área de irrigação cerebral. Palavras-Chave: Arteriografia cerebral, suínos, fluoroscopia.