Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis Reveals Two Distinct Human-Automation Trust Constructs.

OBJECTIVE: This work examined the relationship of the constructs measured by the trust scales developed by Chancey et al. (2017) and Jian et al. (2000) using a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). BACKGROUND: Modern theories of automation trust have been proposed based on data collected using trust scales. Chancey et al. (2017) adapted Madsen and Gregor's (2000) trust scale to align with Lee and See's (2004) human-automation trust framework. In contrast, Jian et al. (2000) developed a scale empirically with trust and distrust as factors. However, it remains unclear whether these two scales measure the same construct. METHOD: We analyzed data collected from previous experiments to investigate the relationship between the two trust scales using a multilevel CFA. RESULTS: Data provided evidence that Jian et al. (2000) and Chancey et al. (2017) automation trust scales are only weakly related. Trust and distrust are found to be distinct factors in Jian et al.'s (2000) scale, whereas performance, process, and purpose are distinct factors in Chancey et al.'s (2017) trust scale. CONCLUSION: The analysis suggested that the two scales purporting to measure human-automation trust are only weakly related. APPLICATION: Trust researchers and automation designers may consider using Chancey et al. (2017) and Jian et al. (2000) scales to capture different characteristics of human-automation trust.

Development and validation of early prediction models for new-onset functional impairment of patients with trauma at hospital discharge.

BACKGROUND: Early identification of individuals at risk of functional impairment after trauma is crucial for the timely clinical decision-making and intervention to improve reintegration into the society. This study aimed to develop and validate models for predicting new-onset functional impairment after trauma using predictors that are routinely collected within 2 days of hospital admission. METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study of acute care hospitals in Japan, we identified adult patients with trauma with independence in carrying out activities of daily living before hospitalization, treated in the intensive or high-dependency care unit, and survived for at least 2 days between April 2008 and September 2023. The primary outcome was functional impairment defined as Barthel Index ≤60 at hospital discharge. In the internal validation data set (between April 2008 and August 2022), using the routinely collected 129 candidate predictors within 2 days of admission, we trained and tuned the four conventional and machine learning models with repeated random subsampling cross-validation. We measured the performance of these models in the temporal validation data set (between September 2022 and September 2023). We also computed the importance of each predictor variable in our model. RESULTS: We identified 8,529 eligible patients. Functional impairment at discharge was observed in 41% of the patients (n = 3,506/8,529). In the temporal validation data set, all four models showed moderate discrimination ability, with areas under the curve above 0.79, and extreme gradient boosting showing the best performance (0.83). In the variable importance analyses, age was the most important predictor, followed by consciousness, severity score, cervical spinal cord injury, mild dementia, and serum albumin level at admission. CONCLUSION: We successfully developed early prediction models for patients with trauma with new-onset functional impairment at discharge that achieved high predictive performance using routinely collected data within 2 days of hospital admission. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/Epidemiological; Level II.

Catalytic NH3 oxidation affected by the nanometric roughness of the platinum overlayer.

Pulsed cathodic arc-plasma deposition was employed to create a few nanometre-thick Pt overlayer on a 50 µm-thick Fe-Cr-Al metal (SUS) foil, resulting in an effective NH3 oxidation catalyst fabrication. This catalyst exhibited a turnover frequency (TOF) exceeding 100 times that of Pt nanoparticles. In this study, Pt overlayer catalysts with varying degrees of surface roughness were fabricated using different metal foil substrates: mirror-polished (Pt/p-SUS), unpolished (Pt/SUS) and roughened by the formation of a surface oxide layer (Pt/Al2O3/SUS). The nanoscale roughness was comprehensively analysed using electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy and chemisorption techniques. NH3 oxidation activity, measured at 200 °C, followed an increasing trend in the order of Pt/Al2O3/SUS < Pt/SUS < Pt/p-SUS, despite a decrease in the apparent Pt surface area in the same order. Consequently, the calculated TOF was markedly higher for Pt/p-SUS (267 min-1) compared to Pt/SUS (107 min-1) and Pt/Al2O3/SUS (≤22 min-1). The smooth Pt overlayer surface also favoured N2 yield over N2O at this temperature. This discovery enhances our fundamental understanding of high-TOF NH3 oxidation over Pt overlayer catalysts, which holds significance for the advancement and industrial implementation of selective NH3 oxidation processes.

Chemical characterization of heavy actinides and light transactinides - Experimental achievements at JAEA.

The chemical characterization of the heaviest elements at the farthest reach of the periodic table (PT) and the classification of these elements in the PT are undoubtedly crucial and challenging subjects in chemical and physical sciences. The elucidation of the influence of relativistic effects on their outermost electronic configuration is also a critical and fascinating aspect. However, the heaviest elements with atomic numbers Z ≳ 100 must be produced at accelerators using nuclear reactions of heavy ions and target materials. Therefore, production rates for these elements are low, and their half-lives are as short as a few seconds to a few minutes; they are usually available in a quantity of only a few atoms at a time. Here, we review some highlighted studies on heavy actinide and light transactinide chemical characterization performed at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency tandem accelerator facility. We discuss briefly the prospects for future studies of the heaviest elements.

Radiographic and clinical comparisons between loose-fit and press-fit stems in monopolar radial head arthroplasty for comminuted radial head fractures.

PURPOSE: Few clinical studies have compared the operative outcomes between loose- and press-fit stems in radial head arthroplasty (RHA). We aimed to evaluate the radiographic and clinical results of the two radial head implant concepts. METHODS: In this retrospective multicenter study, 32 patients (24 women and 8 men) with a mean age of 63.1 years who underwent RHA for comminuted radial head fractures were reviewed between 2005 and 2021. Seventeen patients underwent RHA with a loose-fit stem (L-group), whereas the remaining fifteen patients underwent RHA with a press-fit stem (P-group). The mean follow-up period was 40.1 ± 9.9 months, with the minimum follow-up duration of 12 months. The radiographic findings were evaluated for periprosthetic osteolysis; furthermore, clinical outcomes were analyzed to measure the range of motion of the elbow. The rate of reoperations and prosthesis removal were also reviewed. RESULTS: The general characteristics of the patients were similar in the two groups. The rate of periprosthetic osteolysis was 17.6% in the L-group, whereas it was 53.3% in the P-group. The mean elbow flexions were 128° and 133° in the L- and P-groups, respectively. The mean elbow extensions were -12° and -9° in the L- and P-groups, respectively. The rate of reoperation was 23.5% in the L-group and 15.2% in the P-group. One patient in the L-group had the prosthesis removed because of surgical site infection, whereas one patient in the P-group had the prosthesis removed owing to painful loosening. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in the clinical outcomes and reoperation rate were observed between the two radial head implant concepts in this study. However, osteolysis occurred more frequently in the P-group. Although patients with periprosthetic osteolysis are currently asymptomatic, they should be carefully followed up for the symptoms in the long term.

[A Case of Conversion Surgery after SOX plus Nivolumab for Unresectable Advanced Gastric Cancer].

A 63-year-old woman came to our hospital complaining of anemia and weight loss. The abdominal CT showed wall thickening from the upper to lower the body of stomach, and peritoneal dissemination. The EGD revealed a type 3 large tumor extending about 2/3 of the circumference. Adenocarcinoma was detected as a result of biopsy. The patient was diagnosed with unresected gastric cancer(cT4aN+M1, cStage Ⅳ). SOX plus nivolumab was selected as a first-line chemotherapy because of HER2 expression negative. Symptoms such as diarrhea developed, and the treatment was completed until 5 courses. Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy was performed after the disappearance of abdominal dissemination by CT scan and PET. Pathological examination revealed cancer cells were completely disappeared in the tumor, regional lymph nodes and white nodules in the peritoneum, and final diagnosis was ypT0N0M0, ypStage 0(histological effect determination is Grade 3). Six months after the operation, the patient has been free of recurrence.

A case of carotid-axillary bypass for subclavian steal syndrome in an 83-year-old female undergoing hemodialysis.

INTRODUCTION: Patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibit a high incidence of subclavian steal syndrome. Many cases of endovascular treatment for subclavian artery stenosis were only reported recently; however, the long-term results of surgical treatment are also important. Herein, we report a case of subclavian steal syndrome treated with common carotid-axillary bypass surgery in a patient undergoing hemodialysis. PRESENTATION OF CASE: An 83-year-old woman experienced dizziness and pain in her left hand during hemodialysis. Computed tomography and angiography revealed severe stenosis and calcified lesions in the left subclavian artery. Ultrasonography revealed a retrograde blood flow waveform in the left vertebral artery. The patient was diagnosed with subclavian steal syndrome. We performed common carotid-axillary bypass for lesions that were difficult to revascularize via endovascular therapy. The post-operative course was uneventful, and the dizziness and numbness in the patient's left hand during dialysis disappeared. Post-operative ultrasonography revealed an antegrade blood flow waveform in the left vertebral artery. DISCUSSION: Subclavian steal syndrome is an indication for revascularization in symptomatic patients. Endovascular treatment should be considered the first choice; however, surgery should be considered for patients in whom endovascular treatment is difficult, such as those with severe calcification. We chose common carotid-axillary artery bypass because the subclavian approach is a more familiar technique. Until 1 year post-operatively, the patient had not experienced any symptom recurrence, and the shunt flow was well maintained. CONCLUSION: Common carotid-axillary bypass can be useful for revascularization of lesions for which endovascular therapy is considered difficult in patients with subclavian steal syndrome.

[A Case of Giant Abdominal Desmoid Tumor in a Young Man].

Desmoid tumor is a rare tumor of the soft tissue. The frequency of occurrence is 2.4 to 4.3 cases per year per million people, which is a very rare disease. We experienced a huge intra-abdominal desmoid tumor which is thought to be the primary mesentery. The case was a male in his 20s. He visited a nearby doctor with a complaint of abdominal bloating and abdominal pain. Abdominal contrast CT revealed a huge abdominal mass with a clear boundary of 35×25 cm in size extending from the upper right abdomen to the pelvis. Surgery was performed with a diagnosis of an intra-abdominal mass. Open abdominal tumor resection. Due to infiltration into the duodenum, transverse colon, and pancreas, right hemicolectomy and duodenal combined resection were performed. The pathological diagnosis was a diagnosis of desmoid tumor.

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-seq) for Detecting Histone Modifications and Modifiers.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) is the most widely used method for analyzing genome-wide DNA-protein interactions. Because there is considerable variation in the modes and strengths of DNA-protein interactions, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) protocols have been diversified and optimized for different needs. Here, we describe protocols for detecting histone modifications and modifiers using various crosslinking and immunoprecipitation conditions. We provide a complete ChIP-seq workflow covering sample preparation, immunoprecipitation, next-generation sequencing (NGS) library preparation, and data analyses.

[A Case of Early Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosed from the Finding of Partial Pancreatic Parenchymal Atrophy].

A man in his 80s was referred to our hospital for further examination of partial pancreatic atrophy that was detected incidentally. Various imaging examinations including CT, MRI, and EUS did not reveal any obvious abnormal findings other than the partial pancreatic atrophy. However, cytological examination of serial pancreatic juice aspiration showed atypical cells. The presence of pancreatic intraepithelial carcinoma in the atrophy site was considered, and the patient underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. Pathological examination of the excised specimen confirmed the presence of high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia consistent with the atrophy site, and the patient was diagnosed with pTisN0M0, Stage 0 pancreatic cancer. For the detection of early pancreatic cancer, it is important to be aware of partial pancreatic atrophy on imaging studies.

Drosophila transcription factor NF-Y suppresses transcription of the lipase 4 gene, a key gene for lipid storage.

The CCAAT motif-binding factor NF-Y consists of three different subunits, NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC. Although it is suggested that NF-Y activity is essential for normal tissue homeostasis, survival, and metabolic function, its precise role in lipid metabolism is not clarified yet. In Drosophila, eye disc specific knockdown of Drosophila NF-YA (dNF-YA) induced aberrant morphology of the compound eye, the rough eye phenotype in adults and mutation of the lipase 4 (lip4) gene suppressed the rough eye phenotype. RNA-seq analyses with dNF-YA knockdown third instar larvae identified the lip4 gene as one of the genes that are up-regulated by the dNF-YA knockdown. We identified three dNF-Y-binding consensuses in the 5'flanking region of the lip4 gene, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay with the specific anti-dNF-YA IgG demonstrated dNF-Y binding to this genomic region. The luciferase transient expression assay with cultured Drosophila S2 cells and the lip4 promoter-luciferase fusion genes with and without mutations in the dNF-Y-binding consensuses showed that each of the three dNF-Y consensus sequences negatively regulated lip4 gene promoter activity. Consistent with these results, qRT-PCR analysis with the dNF-YA knockdown third instar larvae revealed that endogenous lip4 mRNA levels were increased by the knockdown of dNF-YA in vivo. The specific knockdown of dNF-YA in the fat body with the collagen-GAL4 driver resulted in smaller oil droplets in the fat body cells. Collectively, these results suggest that dNF-Y is involved in lipid storage through its negative regulation of lip4 gene transcription.

Correction: Novel 90Sr analysis of environmental samples by Ion-Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry.

Correction for 'Novel 90Sr analysis of environmental samples by Ion-Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry' by Maki Honda et al., Anal. Methods, 2022, 14, 2732-2738, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AY00604A.

Novel 90Sr analysis of environmental samples by Ion-Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry.

The sensitive analysis of 90Sr with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was developed to advance environmental radiology. One advantage of AMS is the ability to analyze environmental samples with 90Sr/88Sr atomic ratios of 10-14 in following a simple chemical separation. Three different IAEA samples with known 90Sr concentrations (moss-soil, animal bone, Syrian soil: 1 g each) were analyzed to assess the validity of the chemical separation and the AMS measurement. The 90Sr measurements were conducted on the AMS system VERA combined with the Ion Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry (ILIAMS) setup at the University of Vienna, which has excellent isobaric separation performance. The isobaric interference of 90Zr in the 90Sr AMS was first largely removed by chemical separation. The separation factor of Zr in two-step column chromatography with Sr resin and anion exchange resin was 106. The 90Zr remaining in the sample was effectively suppressed by ILIAMS. This procedure achieved a limit of detection <0.1 mBq in the 90Sr AMS, which is lower than typical ß-ray detection. The agreement between AMS measurements and nominal values for the 90Sr concentrations of IAEA samples indicated that the new highly-sensitive 90Sr analysis in the environmental samples with AMS is reliable.

Optimizing Calibration for a Capacitance-Based Void Fraction Sensor with Asymmetric Electrodes under Horizontal Flow in a Smoothed Circular Macro-Tube.

In this study, a technique that uses a capacitance sensor with an asymmetric electrode to measure the void fraction of a refrigerant was developed. It is known that the void fraction and flow pattern affect the measured capacitance. Therefore, the relationship between the void fraction and capacitance is not linear; hence, a calibration method for obtaining accurate measurements is necessary. A calibration method was designed in this study based on repeated capacitance measurements and the bimodal temporal distribution to calibrate the atypical and repetitive flow patterns of slug flow and its transition to the intermittent flow regime. The calibration method also considers the weighted-average relation for the gradual transition of the intermittent to annular flow pattern according to the change from low to high quality. The proposed method was experimentally analyzed under the conditions of R32 refrigerant, a tube inner diameter of 7.1 mm, saturation temperature of 25 °C, mass flux of 100-400 kg m-2 s-1, and vapor quality of 0.025-0.900, and it was validated using a quick-closing valve (QCV) system under identical conditions. A relative error of 2.99% was obtained for the entire system, indicating good agreement between the proposed and QCV-based methods.

Comparison between midazolam and propofol in acute phase for ventilated patients with sepsis: a post-hoc analysis of the DESIRE trial.

Aim: There are few assessments of sedatives during the acute phase under sedation protocols for patients with sepsis. We aimed to compare the influence of different sedation strategies using midazolam and propofol under light sedation on clinical outcomes of ventilated patients with sepsis. Methods: This study was a post-hoc analysis of data from the dexmedetomidine for sepsis in the ICU Randomized Evaluation (DESIRE) trial. Patients were divided into propofol and midazolam groups based on continuously used drug, and sedation control between groups compared on day three. We assessed the incidence of delirium, length of ICU stay, number of ventilator-free days within the first 28 days, and mortality after 28 days. Results: The midazolam and propofol groups consisted of 51 and 66 patients, respectively. Both groups had similar characteristics, except for age and emergency surgery. The number of well-controlled sedation patients in the propofol group on day three was significantly higher than that in the midazolam group (odds ratio [OR] 3.9, 95% CI [1.30, 11.7]). The incidence of daily coma and delirium within the initial week was different between groups and increased with midazolam administration (P = 0.0138). The number of Confusion Assessment Method for ICU-positive patients was significantly higher in the midazolam group than in the propofol group (OR 5.71, 95% CI [2.30, 14.2]). Conclusion: In patients with sepsis required mechanical ventilation, sedation with midazolam based on a light sedation protocol may be associated with inappropriate sedation during the acute phase, with increased coma and delirium as compared to propofol.

[A Case of Primary Hepatic Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma].

A 74-year-old man with no chronic liver disease was admitted for an incidental liver tumor by computed tomography. Serological examinations for hepatitis B and C virus were negative and tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen, α-fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, were within the normal range. The contrast- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the 26 mm in diameter patchy tumor occupied the S7 in the liver. The tumor boundary was enhanced slightly in the arterial phase and inside gradually in the portal phase, and the enhancement was faded in the late phase. As a characteristic finding, vessels penetrated the tumor. The tumor was diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma, and the patient underwent right lateral sectionectomy. After 19 days postoperatively, the patient was discharged. The diagnosis of hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma was made by pathological examination. Currently, the patient has no recurrence for 5 months without adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary hepatic MALT lymphoma is a rare disease among primary hepatic malignant lymphomas. The patient must be followed up carefully because 2 cases were reported as recurrent cases after several years postoperatively although the disease has a good prognosis.

[A Case of Laparoscopically Resected Sigmoid Colon Cancer and Transverse Colon Mesentery Primary Solitary Fibrous Tumor].

The patient is a 52-year-old woman who visited the general practitioner because of positive fecal occult blood test by medical examination. The patient underwent colonoscopy at the hospital, which revealed sigmoid colon cancer. Therefore, the patient was referred to our hospital for surgery. Preoperative CT scan revealed a well-defined and lobulated 54 mm tumor on the caudal side of the duodenal third portion. On MRI, the tumor showed low T1-weighted image signal and high T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images signal, with low ADC. For preoperative diagnosis, we diagnosed sigmoid colon cancer and transverse colon mesenteric and performed laparoscopic sigmoid colon and transverse colon mesenteric tumor resections. The histopathological tumor diagnoses were sigmoid colon cancer(S, type 2, 30×30 mm, 1/2 circumference, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, pT3[SS], INF b, Ly1a, V1a, pN1b[#252: 2/4], sM0, fStage Ⅲb)and transverse colon mesentery primary solitary fibrous tumor. The patient was treated with XELOX as the adjuvant chemotherapy and survived without recurrence until present.

[A Case of Giant Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm That Was Difficult to Preoperative Diagnosis].

A 43-year-old woman with about abdominal distension was referred to our hospital for a more detailed examination. Abdominal CT showed 27 cm-sized cystic lesion with the calcification along the partition wall and a nodular hyperplasia. We suspected pancreatic pseudocyst, primary retroperitoneal tumor and we performed tumorectomy. The resected specimen had a maximum diameter of 27 cm. The histopathological diagnosis was mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas with ovarian-type stroma. The adjuvant chemotherapy treated with gemcitabine was selected for 3 courses. She continues to do well without any recurrences 7 months later.

Sexual fate of murine external genitalia development: Conserved transcriptional competency for male-biased genes in both sexes.

Testicular androgen is a master endocrine factor in the establishment of external genital sex differences. The degree of androgenic exposure during development is well known to determine the fate of external genitalia on a spectrum of female- to male-specific phenotypes. However, the mechanisms of androgenic regulation underlying sex differentiation are poorly defined. Here, we show that the genomic environment for the expression of male-biased genes is conserved to acquire androgen responsiveness in both sexes. Histone H3 at lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) and H3K4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) are enriched at the enhancer of male-biased genes in an androgen-independent manner. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1), acting as a collaborative transcription factor of androgen receptor, regulates H3K27ac enrichment to establish conserved transcriptional competency for male-biased genes in both sexes. Genetic manipulation of MafB, a key regulator of male-specific differentiation, and Sp1 regulatory MafB enhancer elements disrupts male-type urethral differentiation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate conservation of androgen responsiveness in both sexes, providing insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying sexual fate during external genitalia development.

Associations between low body mass index and mortality in patients with sepsis: A retrospective analysis of a cohort study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The distribution of body mass in populations of Western countries differs from that of populations of East Asian countries. In East Asian countries, fewer people have a high body mass index than those in Western countries. In Japan, the country with the highest number of older adults worldwide, many people have a low body mass index. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between a low body mass index and mortality in patients with sepsis in Japan. METHODS: We conducted this retrospective analysis of 548 patients with severe sepsis from a multicenter prospective observational study. Multivariate logistic regression analyses determined the association between body mass index and 28-day mortality adjusted for age, sex, pre-existing conditions, the occurrence of septic shock, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. Furthermore, the association between a low body mass index and 28-day mortality was analyzed. RESULTS: The low body mass index group represented 18.8% of the study population (103/548); the normal body mass index group, 57.3% (314/548); and the high body mass index group, 23.9% (131/548), with the 28-day mortality rates being 21.4% (22/103), 11.2% (35/314), and 14.5% (19/131), respectively. In the low body mass index group, the crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 28-day mortality relative to the non-low body mass index (normal and high body mass index groups combined) group were 2.0 (1.1-3.4) and 2.3 (1.2-4.2), respectively. CONCLUSION: A low body mass index was found to be associated with a higher 28-day mortality than the non-low body mass index in patients with sepsis in Japan. Given that older adults often have a low body mass index, these patients should be monitored closely to reduce the occurrence of negative outcomes.