Baseline survey of animal trypanosomosis in the region of the Boucle du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso.

In view of gathering baseline information about the prevalence of animal trypanosomosis, the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) funded a cross sectional survey in the region of the Boucle du Mouhoun which constitutes the Northern limit of the tsetse distribution in Burkina. This cross sectional study was carried out in 53 villages located in the six provinces of the region. A total of 2002 cattle, 1466 small ruminants and 481 donkeys were sampled. This survey showed that about 25% of the cattle had been treated with trypanocidal drugs within 3 months before the survey compared to 3% and 0.42% for the small ruminants and donkeys, respectively. Parasitological prevalence in cattle was low: 0.77% (95% C.I. 0.30-1.95%). No goats and three donkeys were found infected with trypanosomes. Infections were mainly due to Trypanosoma vivax (75.0%) with cases of Trypanosoma congolense (25.0%). In cattle, the serological prevalence of trypanosomosis, for the entire region of the Boucle du Mouhoun, was 34.2% (95% C.I. 26.1-43.4%). For sheep, goats and donkeys, the prevalence were of 20.9% (95% C.I. 12.2-33.5%), 8.5% (95% C.I. 5.7-12.5%) and 5.8% (95% C.I. 3.9-8.6%), respectively. The age and distance to the river were the two main risk factors associated with seropositivity.

[Estimation of the execution of the national strategy of leprosy elimination in the "Hauts Bassins" region in Burkina Faso]. / Evaluation De La Mise En Oeuvre De La Strategie Nationale D'Elimination De La Lepre Dans La Region Des Hauts Bassins, Burkina Faso.

BACKGROUND: Burkina Faso achieved the leprosy elimination as a public health problem but this benefit was being lost. So, the National Program for Fighting against Leprosy has defined a strategy to reverse this situation. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the performance of the national program in the execution of this strategy in the region of "Hauts Bassins" (Burkina Faso) from 2005 to 2009. METHOD: The survey was led through the five sanitary districts of the region. It consisted in interview with the mean actors of leprosy control program and the analysis of the data notified on the leprosy cases, in order to estimate the progression of the key indicators of detection and follow-up care for patients having leprosy. RESULTS: During the survey period, 248 cases of leprosy were recorded including 236 new cases and 12 relapses. The prevalence of leprosy was 0.28 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2009. The detection rate decreased from 3.77 per 100 000 in 2005 to 2.75 per 100 000 in 2009. Among the 236 new cases of leprosy, 194 (82.2 %) were multibacillary form (MB). MB patients proportion increased from 69,3 % in 2005 to 91.1 % in 2009. The proportion of children was on average 3.8 %, the one of female cases 38.9 %. Newly diagnosed cases with grade 2 disabilities moved up from 21.4 % in 2005 to 42.2 % in 2009. The completion of cure rate was globally 88.26 %. The losts from follow-up among the patients who started multi-drug therapy were 7.14 %. CONCLUSION: The aim of the leprosy elimination as a public health problem is achieved but some challenges may be taken up, particularly in the organization of leprosy detection by the heath structures.

[Therapeutic impact of alpha interferon in chronic myelogenous leukaemia]. / Impact therapeutique de l'interferon alpha dans la prise en charge des patients atteints de leucemie myeloide chronique.

CONTEXT: Ten years after the use of alpha interferon in chronic myelogenous (CML) leukaemia treatment, we review this treatment. OBJECTIVE: We propose through this study to evaluate the therapeutic answer of the patients reached of CML in chronic phase and to study its impact on survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To be done we carried out a descriptive and analytical retrospective study concerning 40 patients carrying Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia. RESULTS: The average age was 39.05 years and ratio sex was 0.9. 60% of the patients profited from the arm Hydroxyurea + Interferon alpha + Cytosine Arabinoside and 40% from Hydroxyurea + Interferon. The complete haematological answer was observed in 85.5%. The cytogenetic answer was documented only for two cases, and it acted of complete answer. On the evolutionary level, it was noted 27.5% of deaths related to a blastic transformation. The side effects were marked by occurred of alopecia, herpes and the gripal syndrome. The median of survival observed was 68.233 months or 5.68 years. The age, socioeconomic level, delay of treatment started, therapeutic protocol, length and regularity of treatment influenced the therapeutic response. CONCLUSION: Many factors influence the treatment response.

Impact therapeutique de l'interferon alpha dans la prise en charge des patients atteints de leucemie myeloide chronique

Contexte : Dix annees apres l'utilisation de l'interferon alpha dans le traitement de la leucemie chronique; dans le service d'hematologie clinique du CHU de yopougon; nous faisons le point de cette therapeutique. Objectif : nous nous proposons a travers cette etude d'evaluer la reponse therapeutique des patients atteints de leucemie myeloide chronique en phase chronique et d'etudier l'impact de ce traitement sur la survie. Materiel et methodes : nous avons effectue une etude retrospective descriptive et analytique concernant 40 patients porteurs de leucemie myeloide chronique. Resultats : l'age moyen etait de 39.05 ans et le sex ratio de 0.9. Les patients ont beneficie dans 60du bras Hydroxyuree + Interferon alpha + Cytosine Arabinoside et dans 40de l'association Hydroxyuree + Interferon alpha. La reponse hematologique complete a ete observee dans 85.5des cas. La reponse cytogenetique a ete documentee seulement dans deux cas; et il s'agissait de reponses completes. Sur le plan evolutif; il a ete note 27.5de deces lies a une transformation blastique. Les effets secondaires ont ete marques par la survenue d'alopecie; d'herpes et de syndrome grippal. La mediane de survie observee etait de 68.233 mois soit 5.68 ans. L'age; le niveau socioeconomique; le delai de prise en charge; le protocole therapeutique; la duree du traitement; la compliance influencaient la reponse therapeutique. Conclusion : de nombreux facteurs influencent la reponse au traitement

[Characteristics of the population under care from 1990 to 2000, Department of Psychiatry, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso]. / Caractéristiques de la population prise en charge au Service de Psychiatrie du CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) de 1990 à 2000.

Mental disorders constitute an important portion of the world sickness ratio. In developing countries, in the absence of data on morbidity, hospital statistics are worthy of interest. Our study was carried out on a population of patients under care in the department of psychiatry of the Ouagadougou Hospital between January 1st 1990 and December 31st 2000, a period of 11 years. For each patient, we noted the sociodemographical features and the clinical diagnosis referring to the ICD-10 of the WHO. Within the scope of the study, 7 313 patients (60% men and 40% women) were analysed. The average age of the patients was 31.06 +/- 13.07 years. Among these patients, 80.60% had been exclusively under ambulatory care and 19.40% had been hospitalized at least once. The main categories of the available diagnoses were listed according to recurrence: acute psychotic disorders (20.68%), schizophrenia (17.25%) and depression (15.13%). In the men, the main diagnosis was acute psychotic disorders, whereas depression came top of the list for women. In the present state of socio-economic and cultural development in Burkina Faso, we note that only very serious mental disorders and/or those who cannot obtain favourable response with the traditional care system, come to medical centers. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the population as a whole, and to assess their need for medical care in this domain.

[Antiphospholipid antibodies in African women presenting obstetrical complications]. / Anticorps antiphospholipides en gynécologie-obstétrique à Abidjan: intérêt diagnostique et pronostique.

The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) has been investigated in 68 African women presenting obstetrical complications versus a control group of 22 pregnant healthy women. Patients inclusion criterias were recurrent foetal loss, pre eclampsia, retroplacental haematoma and chronic foetal suffering. Eight of patients (11.8%) had a positive APL diagnosis, versus 0% in controls, using the combination of diluted thromboplastin test and Staclot LA These results argue for the systematic APL screening in African women with obstetrical complications, and could further improve the management of patients at risk.

Effects of poor pasture conditions and type of feeding on some biochemical values of gobra zebu in Senegal.

Blood samples were obtained from 70 healthy gobra zebu from three different farms each one with a different feed (natural pasture, concentrates and groundnut hay) to exhibit the influence of type of feeding. To evaluate effect of poor pasture conditions, animals in an extensive system on natural pasture were sampled twice with a monthly interval in the late dry season. Blood samples were analysed for calcium, inorganic phosphate, total protein, glucose, urea, creatinine and haematocrit. Poor pasture conditions caused a decrease of plasma components such as haematocrit, total protein, inorganic phosphate, glucose and urea. The impact of type of feeding by comparing values from animals grazed on natural pasture with those from animals which received concentrates showed significantly higher values of total protein, urea and inorganic phosphate for animals fed with concentrates. Comparison between animals grazed on natural pasture and those which received groundnut hay indicate a significantly higher value of total protein and urea for animals fed with groundnut hay.

[Influence of age, pregnancy and lactation on serum calcium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in the Gobra zebu]. / Influence de l'age, de la gestation et de la lactation sur le calcium, le phosphate inorganique et la phosphatase alcaline serique chez le zébu Gobra.

Serum concentrations of two minerals (Ca, P) and activity ol ALP of 368 Gobra Zebu of breeding centre of Dahra have been measured. Blood samples were taken from groups of zebu of varying age (< 1 month to 3 years) and physiological status (pregnancy, lactation). Concentrations of Ca, P and activity of ALP hither on young animals are related to the needs of bone growth. Concentrations of these constituents in serum decrease with advancing age. On early pregnancy calcemia decreases because Ca is extracted towards the fetus, while phosphatemia decreases strongly on late pregnancy. Activity of ALP changes during pregnancy, but does not appear to be correlated with any stage of pregnancy.

[Effects of natural phosphate supplementation in the Gabra Zebu of Senegal]. / Effets de la complémentation en phosphates naturels chez le Zébu Gabra du Sénégal.

The authors contemplate using natural phosphates, despite their high fluorine content, as an economical supplement for tropical cattle's phosphate needs. Continuous and discontinuous distribution will be tried to better understand the effects of the fluorine. Tests were carried out in Senegal on 78 Gabra Zebu bullocks. Over a 2 year period, every day each animal received differing doses (50g. and 100g.) of differing phosphates (from Taiba or from Thies) resulting in dental lesions and some bone lesions because of the fluorine content. The dental lesions were the most noticeable. Only a minority of the bone and articulary lesions were serious. Furthermore, they were inconsistent. At the end of the experiment, the animals were in good general health. It had not been possible to dose fluorine prior to this publication.

Clinical biochemistry of sporidesmin natural intoxication (facial eczema) of sheep.

The effects of facial eczema, i.e. intoxication by the mycotoxin sporidesmin, were investigated by extensive biochemical screening of serum in 100 controls (A), 31 clinically ill (B) and 219 apparently healthy (C) Manech ewes under field conditions. Dramatic increases of gamma-glutamyltransferase1), alkaline phosphatases, bilirubin, cholesterol, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and lactate dehydrogenase confirmed the severity of liver damage in group B, but they were also observed in slightly more than 50% of group C animals. This demonstrated the true extent of the disease, which could be best assessed by the measurement of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase; but since this enzyme was still elevated one year later, it cannot be used as a reliable prognostic parameter.