Applying the resources and supports in self-management framework to examine ophthalmologist-patient communication and glaucoma medication adherence.

Little is known about how ophthalmologist-patient communication over time is associated with glaucoma patient long-term adherence. The purpose of our study was to examine the association between provider use of components of the resources and supports in self-management model when communicating with patients and adherence to glaucoma medications measured electronically over an 8-month period. In this longitudinal prospective cohort study, the main variables studied were ophthalmologist communication-individualized assessment, collaborative goal setting and skills enhancement. Patients with glaucoma who were newly prescribed or on glaucoma medications were recruited from six ophthalmology clinics. Patients' baseline and next follow-up visits were videotape-recorded. Patients were interviewed after their visits. Patients used medication event monitoring systems (MEMS) for 8 months after enrollment into the study, and adherence was measured electronically using MEMS for 240 days after their visits. Two hundred and seventy-nine patients participated. Patient race and regimen complexity were negatively associated with glaucoma medication adherence over an 8-month period. Provider communication behaviors, including providing education and positive reinforcement, can improve patient adherence to glaucoma medications over an 8-month period.

Ethanolamine is released from glial cells in primary culture on stimulation with foetal calf serum and phorbol ester.

Ethanolamine is released to the external medium at increased rates over basal levels when [3H]ethanolamine-labelled glial cells in primary culture, subcultures of astrocytes and O-2A lineage glia or C6 glioma cells are treated with phorbol ester or foetal calf serum. On equilibrium labelling of mixed glial cultures 90-95% of incorporated [3H]ethanolamine was in ethanolamine-containing phospholipids and 2% in the phosphatidylcholine component. On stimulation of glia with phorbol ester or foetal calf serum ethanolamine, and not phosphoethanolamine or choline, was released to the medium suggesting that a phospholipase D-mediated turnover of lipid, perhaps partially linked to protein kinase C, is involved. The results show that cells in primary culture behave similarly to cell lines in that signal transduction pathways involve a stimulated turnover of ethanolamine-phospholipids with the external release of ethanolamine.