Understanding and Measuring Functional Impairment in Diverse Children With ADHD: Development of the ADHD-FX Scale With an At-Risk, Community Sample.

OBJECTIVE: The current study sought to develop a culturally appropriate measure of functional impairment related to ADHD for diverse families, as research suggests that functional impairment may be a more culturally universal construct than symptomatology. METHOD: Seventy-four low-acculturated Latino parents (49 mothers and 25 fathers) of school-aged children provided quantitative and qualitative responses about problem recognition after viewing a language-free video of a child displaying symptoms and behaviors consistent with ADHD. RESULTS: Thirty-two items were developed for the ADHD-FX scale based on most common responses given from participants. The scale is available in Spanish and English and instructs parents to consider how much each item affects their child in his or her everyday life (from 0 = not at all to 3 = a lot). CONCLUSIONS: The scale can provide an overall impairment score, as well as subscale scores in the theoretically derived domains of academic, peer, and familial impairment. (J. of Att. Dis. 2016; 20(6) 487-500).

Latino parental help seeking for childhood ADHD.

To better understand the help seeking process that occurs within Latino families when a child is exhibiting behaviors consistent with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), qualitative and quantitative data from 73 Latino parents were examined. Findings suggest that most Latino parents in the current sample recognized ADHD symptoms as concerning and in need of professional help and reported being motivated to seek help. Unfortunately, they also appeared to lack knowledge about the etiology of and effective treatment for ADHD, and many identified barriers to seeking help. Future research must involve community collaborations aimed at increasing awareness and knowledge of ADHD and decreasing barriers to seeking help in targeted Latino communities.

Parental functioning in families of children with ADHD: evidence for behavioral parent training and importance of clinically meaningful change.

OBJECTIVE/METHOD: Statistically significant and clinically meaningful effects of behavioral parent training on parental functioning were examined for 20 children with ADHD and their parents who had successfully completed a psychosocial treatment for ADHD. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that behavioral parent training resulted in statistically significant improvements in some domains of parenting behavior for both mothers and fathers and in reductions in most domains of parenting stress for mothers. Importantly, clinically meaningful change also was noted for these parental functioning areas, as well as for other domains of parental functioning that did not result in statistically significant findings. Clinical implications are discussed.

Advancing our knowledge of ADHD in Latino children: psychometric and cultural properties of Spanish-versions of parental/family functioning measures.

The lack of available Spanish versions of assessment measures contributes to insufficient research and underutilization of mental health services for Latino children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Thus, the goal of the current study was to examine the psychometric and cultural properties of several Spanish versions of parental/family functioning measures commonly used in comprehensive ADHD assessments (i.e., the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, and Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale). Participants included 68 Spanish-speaking, Latino parents in Southeast Wisconsin. In general, the Spanish translations of the measures demonstrated good reliability and validity. Furthermore, the psychometrically-sound measures were significantly related to acculturation as predicted, suggesting that the scales are not only psychometrically valid, but also culturally valid for use with Spanish-speaking, Latino families.