Composição química e atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Hyptis leucocephala / Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Hyptis leucocephala

The paper reports chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hyptis leucocephala Mart ex Benth, Lamiaceae, isolated by hydrodistillation from leaves of plants collected in Casa Nova, semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. A total of ten compounds were identified, of which carvacrol as the main component (average 52.82%). This essential oil was also characterized by high level of biogenetic precursor of the phenols: p-cimene (18.13%) and y-terpinene (10.72%), and by E-cariophyllene, were the most abundant sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Bioassay revealed a significant antibacterial activity of the essential oil against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus schleiferi, S. aureus, Salmonella typhi, E. coli, Bacillus pumillus, Burkholderia cepacia, Klebsiella pneumoniae with varying magnitudes. The minimal inhibition concentrations values extended from 50 to 250 µg mL-1. The essential oil showed high antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging capacity of the oil was determined with an EC50 value of 3.41 mg mL-1. The data herein obtained show the relevant potential of H. leucocephala as a source of potent bioactivity compounds.

O artigo relata composição química e atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Hyptis leucocephala Mart ex Benth, Lamiaceae, extraído pelo método de hidrodestilação das folhas, coletadas em Casa Nova, região de Caatinga do semi-árida do Nordeste do Brasil. Foram identificados dez compostos majoritários, dos quais carvacrol como o componente principal (média 52,82%). O óleo essencial também foi caracterizado por apresentar níveis elevados de precursores biogenéticos dos fenóis: p-cimeno (18,13%) e y-terpineno (10,72%), e por E-cariophyllene, como os mais abundantes hidrocarbonetos sesquiterpeno. Os ensaios biológicos revelaram que os compostos presentes neste óleo essencial apresentaram elevada atividade antibacteriana com valores da concentração inibitória mínima entre 50 a 250 g mL-1 , principalmente contras as linhagens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus schleiferi, S. aureus, Salmonella typhi, E. coli, Bacillus pumillus, Burkholderia cepacia, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Os constituintes do óleo essencial apresentaram alta eficiência na captura dos radicais livres, com elevada atividade antioxidante, com um valor de EC50 de 3,41 mg mL-1 . Os dados expostos reforçam o potencial biotecnológico do óleo essencial de H. Leucocephala, uma fonte alternativa para novos bioativos.

Composição química e atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Hyptis leucocephala / Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Hyptis leucocephala

The paper reports chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hyptis leucocephala Mart ex Benth, Lamiaceae, isolated by hydrodistillation from leaves of plants collected in Casa Nova, semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. A total of ten compounds were identified, of which carvacrol as the main component (average 52.82%). This essential oil was also characterized by high level of biogenetic precursor of the phenols: p-cimene (18.13%) and y-terpinene (10.72%), and by E-cariophyllene, were the most abundant sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Bioassay revealed a significant antibacterial activity of the essential oil against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus schleiferi, S. aureus, Salmonella typhi, E. coli, Bacillus pumillus, Burkholderia cepacia, Klebsiella pneumoniae with varying magnitudes. The minimal inhibition concentrations values extended from 50 to 250 µg mL-1. The essential oil showed high antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging capacity of the oil was determined with an EC50 value of 3.41 mg mL-1. The data herein obtained show the relevant potential of H. leucocephala as a source of potent bioactivity compounds.(AU)

O artigo relata composição química e atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Hyptis leucocephala Mart ex Benth, Lamiaceae, extraído pelo método de hidrodestilação das folhas, coletadas em Casa Nova, região de Caatinga do semi-árida do Nordeste do Brasil. Foram identificados dez compostos majoritários, dos quais carvacrol como o componente principal (média 52,82%). O óleo essencial também foi caracterizado por apresentar níveis elevados de precursores biogenéticos dos fenóis: p-cimeno (18,13%) e y-terpineno (10,72%), e por E-cariophyllene, como os mais abundantes hidrocarbonetos sesquiterpeno. Os ensaios biológicos revelaram que os compostos presentes neste óleo essencial apresentaram elevada atividade antibacteriana com valores da concentração inibitória mínima entre 50 a 250 g mL-1 , principalmente contras as linhagens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus schleiferi, S. aureus, Salmonella typhi, E. coli, Bacillus pumillus, Burkholderia cepacia, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Os constituintes do óleo essencial apresentaram alta eficiência na captura dos radicais livres, com elevada atividade antioxidante, com um valor de EC50 de 3,41 mg mL-1 . Os dados expostos reforçam o potencial biotecnológico do óleo essencial de H. Leucocephala, uma fonte alternativa para novos bioativos.(AU)

Optimization of lipids production by Cryptococcus laurentii 11 using cheese whey with molasses.

This study aimed the optimization of culture condition and composition for production of Cryptococcus laurentii 11 biomass and lipids in cheese whey medium supplemented with sugarcane molasses. The optimization of pH, fermentation time, and molasses concentration according to a full factorial statistical experimental design was followed by a Plackett-Burman experimental design, which was used to determine whether the supplementation of the culture medium by yeast extract and inorganic salts could provide a further enhancement of lipids production. The following conditions and composition of the culture medium were found to optimize biomass and lipids production: 360 h fermentation, 6.5 pH and supplementation of (g L(-1)): 50 molasses, 0.5 yeast extract, 4 KH2PO4, 1 Na2HPO4, 0.75 MgSO4 · 7H2O and 0.002 ZnSO4 · H2O. Additional supplementation with inorganic salts and yeast extract was essential to optimize the production, in terms of product concentration and productivity, of neutral lipids by C. laurentii 11. Under this optimized condition, the production of total lipids increased by 133% in relation to control experiment (from 1.27 to 2.96 g L(-1)). The total lipids indicated a predominant (86%) presence of neutral lipids with high content of 16- and 18-carbon-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. This class of lipids is considered especially suitable for the production of biodiesel.

Optimization of lipids production by Cryptococcus laurentii 11 using cheese whey with molasses

This study aimed the optimization of culture condition and composition for production of Cryptococcus laurentii 11 biomass and lipids in cheese whey medium supplemented with sugarcane molasses. The optimization of pH, fermentation time, and molasses concentration according to a full factorial statistical experimental design was followed by a Plackett-Burman experimental design, which was used to determine whether the supplementation of the culture medium by yeast extract and inorganic salts could provide a further enhancement of lipids production. The following conditions and composition of the culture medium were found to optimize biomass and lipids production: 360 h fermentation, 6.5 pH and supplementation of (g L-1): 50 molasses, 0.5 yeast extract, 4 KH2PO4, 1 Na2HPO4, 0.75 MgSO4•7H2O and 0.002 ZnSO4•H2O. Additional supplementation with inorganic salts and yeast extract was essential to optimize the production, in terms of product concentration and productivity, of neutral lipids by C. laurentii 11. Under this optimized condition, the production of total lipids increased by 133% in relation to control experiment (from 1.27 to 2.96 g L-1). The total lipids indicated a predominant (86%) presence of neutral lipids with high content of 16- and 18- carbon-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. This class of lipids is considered especially suitable for the production of biodiesel.

Optimization of lipids production by Cryptococcus laurentii 11 using cheese whey with molasses

This study aimed the optimization of culture condition and composition for production of Cryptococcus laurentii 11 biomass and lipids in cheese whey medium supplemented with sugarcane molasses. The optimization of pH, fermentation time, and molasses concentration according to a full factorial statistical experimental design was followed by a Plackett-Burman experimental design, which was used to determine whether the supplementation of the culture medium by yeast extract and inorganic salts could provide a further enhancement of lipids production. The following conditions and composition of the culture medium were found to optimize biomass and lipids production: 360 h fermentation, 6.5 pH and supplementation of (g L-1): 50 molasses, 0.5 yeast extract, 4 KH2PO4, 1 Na2HPO4, 0.75 MgSO4•7H2O and 0.002 ZnSO4•H2O. Additional supplementation with inorganic salts and yeast extract was essential to optimize the production, in terms of product concentration and productivity, of neutral lipids by C. laurentii 11. Under this optimized condition, the production of total lipids increased by 133% in relation to control experiment (from 1.27 to 2.96 g L-1). The total lipids indicated a predominant (86%) presence of neutral lipids with high content of 16- and 18- carbon-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. This class of lipids is considered especially suitable for the production of biodiesel.

Antifungal compound produced by the cassava endophyte Bacillus pumilus MAIIIM4a

In the search for new organisms and new secondary metabolites, a study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of endophytic bacteria from ethnovarieties of cassava cultivated by Brazilian Amazon Indian tribes and also to study the secondary metabolites produced by a Bacillus pumilus strain. Sixty seven cassava endophytic bacteria were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and FAME analysis. The bacterial profile revealed that 25% of all endophytic isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus. The isolate B. pumilus MAIIIM4a showed a strong inhibitory activity against the fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Sclerotium rolfsii. Secondary metabolites of this strain were extracted using hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Extracts were subjected to bioautography and LC/MS analysis, which allowed the identification of pumilacidin, an antifungal compound produced by B. pumilus MAIIIM4a. The bacterial endophytic localization was confirmed by cassava cell tissue examination using scanning electron microscopy.

Na busca de novos organismos e novos metabólitos secundários, um estudo foi conduzido visando avaliar a diversidade de bactérias endofíticas de etnovariedades de mandioca cultivadas por tribos indígenas da Amazônia brasileira e também para estudar metabólitos secundários produzidos por Bacillus pumilus. Sessenta e sete bactérias endofíticas de mandioca foram identificadas através do seqüenciamento do gene 16S rRNA e por meio da análise de ácidos graxos (FAME). Essas análises revelaram que 25% de todos os endofíticos pertenciam ao gênero Bacillus. O isolado Bacillus pumilus MAIIIM4a apresentou forte ação inibitória contra os fitopatógenos Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum e Sclerotium rolfsii. Os metabólitos secundários deste isolado foram extraídos do sobrenadante usando-se hexano, diclorometano e acetato de etila. Esses extratos foram utilizados nas análises de bioautografia e LC-MS, as quais permitiram a identificação do composto pumilacidina, um antifúngico produzido por B. pumilus MAIIIM4a. A localização das bactérias endofíticas foi confirmada examinando-se o tecido celular da mandioca através de microscopia eletrônica.

Antifungal compound produced by the cassava endophyte Bacillus pumilus MAIIIM4a

In the search for new organisms and new secondary metabolites, a study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of endophytic bacteria from ethnovarieties of cassava cultivated by Brazilian Amazon Indian tribes and also to study the secondary metabolites produced by a Bacillus pumilus strain. Sixty seven cassava endophytic bacteria were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and FAME analysis. The bacterial profile revealed that 25% of all endophytic isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus. The isolate B. pumilus MAIIIM4a showed a strong inhibitory activity against the fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Sclerotium rolfsii. Secondary metabolites of this strain were extracted using hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Extracts were subjected to bioautography and LC/MS analysis, which allowed the identification of pumilacidin, an antifungal compound produced by B. pumilus MAIIIM4a. The bacterial endophytic localization was confirmed by cassava cell tissue examination using scanning electron microscopy.

Na busca de novos organismos e novos metabólitos secundários, um estudo foi conduzido visando avaliar a diversidade de bactérias endofíticas de etnovariedades de mandioca cultivadas por tribos indígenas da Amazônia brasileira e também para estudar metabólitos secundários produzidos por Bacillus pumilus. Sessenta e sete bactérias endofíticas de mandioca foram identificadas através do seqüenciamento do gene 16S rRNA e por meio da análise de ácidos graxos (FAME). Essas análises revelaram que 25% de todos os endofíticos pertenciam ao gênero Bacillus. O isolado Bacillus pumilus MAIIIM4a apresentou forte ação inibitória contra os fitopatógenos Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum e Sclerotium rolfsii. Os metabólitos secundários deste isolado foram extraídos do sobrenadante usando-se hexano, diclorometano e acetato de etila. Esses extratos foram utilizados nas análises de bioautografia e LC-MS, as quais permitiram a identificação do composto pumilacidina, um antifúngico produzido por B. pumilus MAIIIM4a. A localização das bactérias endofíticas foi confirmada examinando-se o tecido celular da mandioca através de microscopia eletrônica.

Indução da enzima Pirocatecase por Acinetobacter baumanii envolvida na biodegradação do herbicida Diuron / Pyrocathecase induced by Acinetobacter baumanii involved in the biodegradation of the herbiicide Diuron

Uma linhagem de Acinetobacter baumanii, isolada da rizosfera de cana-de-açúcar, cultivada em solos tratados com Diuron foi incubada em diferentes substratos para verificar a presença de catecol 1,2--dioxigenase (pirocatecase). Diferentes indutores foram adicionados ao meio de cultura (glicose, benzoato de sódio, Diuron, dicloroanilina, benzoato de sódio + glicose). As células bacterianas, obtidas pelo processo fermentativo, foram coletadas após centrifugação e rompidas por sonificação para extração da enzima intracelular. A linhagem apresentou alta atividade enzimática quando benzoato de sódio ou benzoato de sódio + glicose ou benzoato de sódio + dicloroanilina foram adicionados ao meio de cultura. A atividade enzimótica acompanhou a produção de biomassa. No estudo da cinética de crescimento, usando Diuron como fonte de carbono e em tres diferentes pH, essa linhagem apresentou melhor resultado quando cultivada em pH6.8. Verificou-se pela avaliação da capacidade de A. baumanii transformar o Diuron, que o metabólito 3,4-dicloroanilina (3,4-DCA) não foi produzido