Histology of the digestive tract of Satanoperca pappaterra (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae) - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i3.8956

the esophagus, stomach and intestine of Satanoperca pappaterra using histological techniques. The species presents detritivore-invertivore feeding habit and is widely distributed in Neotropical continental waters. The esophagus is short, the stomach is small with saccular form and the intestine is long. The histological sections were stained using hematoxylin/eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff. Throughout the digestive tract, the gastric wall is composed by four different tunicae: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa, besides distinct intrinsic innervation represented by the submucosal and myenteric ganglionated plexuses. Depending on the organ, several characteristics were peculiar such as the external muscle layer of the esophagus that permeates the submucosa; a single sphincter between the stomach and intestine; stomach without differentiated regions; intestine histologically and physiologically divided into two regions (proximal and distal), considering the villi height and spacing besides the density of the goblet cells.

Histology of the digestive tract of Satanoperca pappaterra (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae) - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i3.8956

the esophagus, stomach and intestine of Satanoperca pappaterra using histological techniques. The species presents detritivore-invertivore feeding habit and is widely distributed in Neotropical continental waters. The esophagus is short, the stomach is small with saccular form and the intestine is long. The histological sections were stained using hematoxylin/eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff. Throughout the digestive tract, the gastric wall is composed by four different tunicae: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa, besides distinct intrinsic innervation represented by the submucosal and myenteric ganglionated plexuses. Depending on the organ, several characteristics were peculiar such as the external muscle layer of the esophagus that permeates the submucosa; a single sphincter between the stomach and intestine; stomach without differentiated regions; intestine histologically and physiologically divided into two regions (proximal and distal), considering the villi height and spacing besides the density of the goblet cells. 

Food resource used by small-sized fish in macrophyte patches in ponds of the upper Paraná river floodplain - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.3266

This study analyzed the diet of seven small-sized fish species (Characidae) and assessed their use of food resources. The species were collected in 2001 from nine ponds with aquatic macrophytes in the Paraná river floodplain, Brazil. Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax fasciatus, Hemigrammus marginatus and Moenkhausia intermédia consumed aquatic and terrestrial insects. Bryconomericus stramineus and Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae co-dominantly ate insects and microcrustaceans, whereas Hyphessobrycon eques had microcrustaceans as their most important food resource. Overlapping feeding coefficients varied from intermediate (0.4-0.6) to low ( 0.4) for the majority of the combination pairs. A high mean intestinal length was verified for A. altiparanae and A. fasciatus, while a smaller mean was found for H. eques. When comparing all these results, it is possible to conclude that the species were partially segregated by the trophic niche dimension. Thus, the co-existence and higher abundance of these small fish in the shoreline of the ponds is explained by high feeding adaptability, absence of specializations in the feeding tract (except intestinal length) and the wide food supply provided by aquatic macrophytes.

Food resource used by small-sized fish in macrophyte patches in ponds of the upper Paraná river floodplain - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.3266

This study analyzed the diet of seven small-sized fish species (Characidae) and assessed their use of food resources. The species were collected in 2001 from nine ponds with aquatic macrophytes in the Paraná river floodplain, Brazil. Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax fasciatus, Hemigrammus marginatus and Moenkhausia intermédia consumed aquatic and terrestrial insects. Bryconomericus stramineus and Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae co-dominantly ate insects and microcrustaceans, whereas Hyphessobrycon eques had microcrustaceans as their most important food resource. Overlapping feeding coefficients varied from intermediate (0.4-0.6) to low ( 0.4) for the majority of the combination pairs. A high mean intestinal length was verified for A. altiparanae and A. fasciatus, while a smaller mean was found for H. eques. When comparing all these results, it is possible to conclude that the species were partially segregated by the trophic niche dimension. Thus, the co-existence and higher abundance of these small fish in the shoreline of the ponds is explained by high feeding adaptability, absence of specializations in the feeding tract (except intestinal length) and the wide food supply provided by aquatic macrophytes.

Temporal and ontogenetic diet changes of omnivorous fish in an impacted (reservoir) and in a natural environment (lagoon) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i4.878 / Variações temporais e ontogenéticas na dieta de um peixe onívoro em ambiente impactado (reservatório) e em ambiente natural (baía) da bacia do rio Cuiabá - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i4.878

Temporal and ontogenetic changes in the diet of Pimelodus maculatus were assessed in the Manso Reservoir and Sinhá Mariana lagoon, Mato Grosso State. Fishes were collected monthly from March/2000 to February/2001 by gillnets and seining. Stomach contents (N = 199) were analyzed by volumetric method. In the reservoir, P. maculatus consumed mainly insects, whereas in the Sinhá Mariana lagoon it was more generalist, feeding on similar proportions of higher plant, fish and scale. Terrestrial food was important in the reservoir, whereas aquatic food was more so in the bay. In the reservoir, the diet of P. maculatus was composed predominantly of insects in almost every period, and in all size classes, whereas in the lagoon seasonal and ontogenetic variations in the diet were observed. The results showed that P. maculatus has high trophic plasticity, and it was very opportunistic, consuming the abundant terrestrial food resources, mainly insects, when the reservoir started to flood the surrounding land.

Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas as variações temporais e ontogenéticas na dieta de Pimelodus maculatus no reservatório de Manso e na baía Sinhá Mariana, Estado do Mato Grosso. Os peixes foram coletados, mensalmente, de março/2000 a fevereiro/2001 com redes de espera e de arrasto. Foram analisados 199 conteúdos estomacais por meio do método volumétrico. No reservatório, a dieta foi composta basicamente por insetos durante todo o período analisado e independente do tamanho dos exemplares. Na baía Sinhá Mariana, a importância dos itens variou mensalmente, sendo que vegetais, peixes e escamas predominaram em alguns meses. Variações ontogenéticas foram observadas na baia, sendo que os menores indivíduos (3,6 a 8,0 cm) consumiram predominantemente insetos, detrito-sedimento e escamas, enquanto os maiores (16,8 a 21,2 cm) alimentaram-se essencialmente de peixes. Os alimentos de origem terrestre dominaram a dieta dos peixes do reservatório, enquanto os de origem aquática predominaram na baía. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a elevada plasticidade alimentar de P. maculatus e o comportamento oportunista da espécie no reservatório, demonstrando sua habilidade em consumir recursos temporariamente disponíveis, como os alimentos de origem terrestre, principalmente insetos, que são disponibilizados em reservatórios recém-formados.

Temporal and ontogenetic diet changes of omnivorous fish in an impacted (reservoir) and in a natural environment (lagoon) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i4.878 / Variações temporais e ontogenéticas na dieta de um peixe onívoro em ambiente impactado (reservatório) e em ambiente natural (baía) da bacia do rio Cuiabá - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i4.878

Temporal and ontogenetic changes in the diet of Pimelodus maculatus were assessed in the Manso Reservoir and Sinhá Mariana lagoon, Mato Grosso State. Fishes were collected monthly from March/2000 to February/2001 by gillnets and seining. Stomach contents (N = 199) were analyzed by volumetric method. In the reservoir, P. maculatus consumed mainly insects, whereas in the Sinhá Mariana lagoon it was more generalist, feeding on similar proportions of higher plant, fish and scale. Terrestrial food was important in the reservoir, whereas aquatic food was more so in the bay. In the reservoir, the diet of P. maculatus was composed predominantly of insects in almost every period, and in all size classes, whereas in the lagoon seasonal and ontogenetic variations in the diet were observed. The results showed that P. maculatus has high trophic plasticity, and it was very opportunistic, consuming the abundant terrestrial food resources, mainly insects, when the reservoir started to flood the surrounding land.

Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas as variações temporais e ontogenéticas na dieta de Pimelodus maculatus no reservatório de Manso e na baía Sinhá Mariana, Estado do Mato Grosso. Os peixes foram coletados, mensalmente, de março/2000 a fevereiro/2001 com redes de espera e de arrasto. Foram analisados 199 conteúdos estomacais por meio do método volumétrico. No reservatório, a dieta foi composta basicamente por insetos durante todo o período analisado e independente do tamanho dos exemplares. Na baía Sinhá Mariana, a importância dos itens variou mensalmente, sendo que vegetais, peixes e escamas predominaram em alguns meses. Variações ontogenéticas foram observadas na baia, sendo que os menores indivíduos (3,6 a 8,0 cm) consumiram predominantemente insetos, detrito-sedimento e escamas, enquanto os maiores (16,8 a 21,2 cm) alimentaram-se essencialmente de peixes. Os alimentos de origem terrestre dominaram a dieta dos peixes do reservatório, enquanto os de origem aquática predominaram na baía. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a elevada plasticidade alimentar de P. maculatus e o comportamento oportunista da espécie no reservatório, demonstrando sua habilidade em consumir recursos temporariamente disponíveis, como os alimentos de origem terrestre, principalmente insetos, que são disponibilizados em reservatórios recém-formados.

Comparative study about diet, feeding habits and trophic morphology of two sympatric species of small fishes in association with aquatic macrophytes- DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.167 / Estudo comparativo da dieta, hábitos alimentares e morfologia trófica de duas espécies simpátricas, de peixes de pequeno porte, associados à macrófitas aquáticas - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.167

In this study we analyzed the diet and trophic morphology of two species, one of Cheirodontinae and one of Aphyocharacinae, associated with aquatic macrophytes in nine isolated lagoons of the Paraná river floodplain, Brazil, during 2001. Diet showed that Aphyocharax anisitsi feed mainly on microcrustaceans and Serrapinnus notomelas feed mainly on algae. Trophic morphology, including mouth, tooth, gill rakers and stomach showed apparently the same pattern for the two species. However, teeth are the biggest and the hardest in S. notomelas. Regarding intestine length there was significant interaction between standard length (F2.215 = 74.89; p

Nesse estudo foram avaliados aspectos da dieta e morfologia trófica de duas espécies simpátricas, uma de Cheirodontinae e uma de Aphyocharacinae, associadas a macrofitas aquáticas, em nove lagoas isoladas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil, no ano de 2001. A análise da dieta mostrou que Aphyocharax anisitsi consumiu predominantemente microcrustáceos e Serrapinnus notomelas predominantemente algas. A morfologia do trato alimentar, incluindo boca, dentes, rastros branquiais e estômago, apresentou, aparentemente, o mesmo padrão para as duas espécies. Entretanto, os dentes são mais robustos em S. notomelas. Houve interação significativa entre o comprimento padrão (F2,215 = 74,89; p

Comparative study about diet, feeding habits and trophic morphology of two sympatric species of small fishes in association with aquatic macrophytes- DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.167 / Estudo comparativo da dieta, hábitos alimentares e morfologia trófica de duas espécies simpátricas, de peixes de pequeno porte, associados à macrófitas aquáticas - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.167

In this study we analyzed the diet and trophic morphology of two species, one of Cheirodontinae and one of Aphyocharacinae, associated with aquatic macrophytes in nine isolated lagoons of the Paraná river floodplain, Brazil, during 2001. Diet showed that Aphyocharax anisitsi feed mainly on microcrustaceans and Serrapinnus notomelas feed mainly on algae. Trophic morphology, including mouth, tooth, gill rakers and stomach showed apparently the same pattern for the two species. However, teeth are the biggest and the hardest in S. notomelas. Regarding intestine length there was significant interaction between standard length (F2.215 = 74.89; p

Nesse estudo foram avaliados aspectos da dieta e morfologia trófica de duas espécies simpátricas, uma de Cheirodontinae e uma de Aphyocharacinae, associadas a macrofitas aquáticas, em nove lagoas isoladas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil, no ano de 2001. A análise da dieta mostrou que Aphyocharax anisitsi consumiu predominantemente microcrustáceos e Serrapinnus notomelas predominantemente algas. A morfologia do trato alimentar, incluindo boca, dentes, rastros branquiais e estômago, apresentou, aparentemente, o mesmo padrão para as duas espécies. Entretanto, os dentes são mais robustos em S. notomelas. Houve interação significativa entre o comprimento padrão (F2,215 = 74,89; p

Fishfauna trophic structure across longitudinal gradient of Salto Caxias Reservoir (Iguaçu River state of Paraná Brazil) in the third year after dam - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i1.1362 / Estrutura trófica da ictiofauna, ao longo do gradiente longitudinal do reservatório de Salto Caxias (rio Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil), no terceiro ano após o represamento - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i1.1362

This study aims at evaluating the fishfauna trophic structure across the longitudinal gradient of Salto Caxias reservoir, in the third year after its dam (post 3). The data obtained were compared with the previous ones (pre and post 1) to verify if the species that altered their diets in the initial phase of the dam, returned to the same food resources offered by natural environment. S(tomachal) contents of 1527 fishes were analyzed, using the volumetric method. In general, fishes presented a great diversity of food items in their diets, usually with a predominant resource kind. Thus, the fishfauna was synthetized in eight trophic guilds. The detrivore and piscivore species did not alter their feeding habit across spatial gradient considerably). (A montanteUpstream, all the trophic guilds were equally distributed compared to the other sites. Comparing pre and post 1 periods with the post 3 results showed that few species returned to their original trophic habit

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar a estrutura trófica da ictiofauna, ao longo do gradiente longitudinal do reservatório de Salto Caxias, no terceiro ano após seu represamento (pós 3). Compararam-se os dados obtidos neste trabalho com dados anteriores (pré e pós 1), a fim de verificar se as espécies que alteraram suas dietas no início do represamento voltaram a utilizar os mesmos recursos alimentares oferecidos no ambiente natural. Foram analisados conteúdos estomacais de 1527 exemplares pelo método volumétrico. A maioria das espécies apresentou dietas compostas por grande diversidade de itens alimentares, predominando, geralmente, um tipo de recurso. A ictiofauna foi organizada em oito guildas tróficas. As espécies detritívoras e piscívoras não alteraram consideravelmente seu hábito alimentar ao longo do gradiente espacial. A montante, todas as guildas estiveram distribuídas em proporção mais semelhante do que nos demais locais. Comparando-se os períodos de pré e pós 1 com o pós 3, verifica-se que poucas espécies retomaram seu hábito alimentar original

Fishfauna trophic structure across longitudinal gradient of Salto Caxias Reservoir (Iguaçu River state of Paraná Brazil) in the third year after dam - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i1.1362 / Estrutura trófica da ictiofauna, ao longo do gradiente longitudinal do reservatório de Salto Caxias (rio Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil), no terceiro ano após o represamento - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i1.1362

This study aims at evaluating the fishfauna trophic structure across the longitudinal gradient of Salto Caxias reservoir, in the third year after its dam (post 3). The data obtained were compared with the previous ones (pre and post 1) to verify if the species that altered their diets in the initial phase of the dam, returned to the same food resources offered by natural environment. S(tomachal) contents of 1527 fishes were analyzed, using the volumetric method. In general, fishes presented a great diversity of food items in their diets, usually with a predominant resource kind. Thus, the fishfauna was synthetized in eight trophic guilds. The detrivore and piscivore species did not alter their feeding habit across spatial gradient considerably). (A montanteUpstream, all the trophic guilds were equally distributed compared to the other sites. Comparing pre and post 1 periods with the post 3 results showed that few species returned to their original trophic habit

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar a estrutura trófica da ictiofauna, ao longo do gradiente longitudinal do reservatório de Salto Caxias, no terceiro ano após seu represamento (pós 3). Compararam-se os dados obtidos neste trabalho com dados anteriores (pré e pós 1), a fim de verificar se as espécies que alteraram suas dietas no início do represamento voltaram a utilizar os mesmos recursos alimentares oferecidos no ambiente natural. Foram analisados conteúdos estomacais de 1527 exemplares pelo método volumétrico. A maioria das espécies apresentou dietas compostas por grande diversidade de itens alimentares, predominando, geralmente, um tipo de recurso. A ictiofauna foi organizada em oito guildas tróficas. As espécies detritívoras e piscívoras não alteraram consideravelmente seu hábito alimentar ao longo do gradiente espacial. A montante, todas as guildas estiveram distribuídas em proporção mais semelhante do que nos demais locais. Comparando-se os períodos de pré e pós 1 com o pós 3, verifica-se que poucas espécies retomaram seu hábito alimentar original

Resource partitioning between two species of Bryconamericus Eigenmann, 1907 from the Iguaçu river basin, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i4.1534 / Partição de recursos alimentares entre duas espécies de Bryconamericus Eingenmann, 1970 da bacia do rio Iguaçu, Brasil- DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i4.1534

Diets of two species of Bryconamericus Eigenmann, 1907 called Bryconamericus sp. 1 and Bryconamericus sp. 2, were compared. Collections were made monthly, from March 1997 to February 1998, on the Iguaçu River, State of Paraná. Both species are insectivores, but Bryconamericus sp. 1 feed predominantly on larvae of aquatic insects and Bryconamericus sp. 2 feed on terrestrial insects. In Bryconamericus sp. 1, the mouth is sub-inferior with slightly thick upper lip, while in Bryconamericus sp. 2 the mouth is anterior with reduced lip; teeth are different in both species, confirming differences in feeding tactics. The length of the intestine is significantly longer in Bryconamericus sp. 1. This particularity and the low overlap values ( 0.60) suggest that interspecific differences in feeding habits play an important role, allowing species coexistence

As dietas de duas espécies de Bryconamericus Eigenmann, 1907 denominadas Bryconamericus sp. 1 e Bryconamericus sp. 2 foram comparadas. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, no período de março/97 a fevereiro/98, no rio Iguaçu, Paraná. Ambas são insetívoras, porém a primeira se alimenta predominantemente de larvas de insetos aquáticos e a segunda de insetos terrestres. Em Bryconamericus sp. 1 a boca é sub-terminal e o lábio superior é levemente mais espesso, enquanto em Bryconamericus sp. 2 a boca é terminal e os lábios são delgados. Além disso, a disposição dos dentes é desigual nas duas espécies, confirmando as diferenças encontradas em suas táticas alimentares. O comprimento do intestino é significativamente maior em Bryconamericus sp. 1. Estas particularidades, associadas aos baixos valores na sobreposição alimentar ( 0.60), sugerem que diferenças interespecíficas na dieta desempenham um papel importante, permitindo a coexistência das duas espécies

Dieta de espécies de Anostomidae (Teleostei, Characiformes) na área de influência do reservatório de Manso, Mato Grosso, Brasil

The diet of four species of Anostomidae (Leporinus friderici Bloch, 1794, L. striatus Kner, 1858, L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1849 and Leporinus sp.) were investigated in the Manso Reservoir, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Fish were sampled in three sites: upriver, in the main body of the reservoir, and below the dam. Were analized 276 stomachs. The diet was evaluated using the frequency of ocorrence and volumetric methods. Leporinus friderici showed tendency to herbivory, mainly in the upriver site. In the reservoir and below the dam, it consumed large quantities of fish; Isoptera only in the reservoir. Leporinus striatus and L. elongatus have similar diets, consuming Chironomidae larvae (Diptera), whereas Leporinus sp. was more generalist, feeding similar proportions of vegetable, detritus and insect (Chironomidae and Ephemeroptera). The mouths of the species have different positions: terminal in L. friderici, subterminal in L. elongatus and intermediate in L. striatus and Leporinus sp. The diet overlap values were low, except for L. friderici and Leporinus sp. (0.7) in the upriver, and L. striatus and L. elongatus (0.6) below the dam.

Atividade de forrageamento de Triportheus spp. (Characidae, Triportheinae) utilizada como ferramenta de amostragem da entomofauna, na área do reservatório de Manso, MT

Fishes are very good exploiter of the aquatic environment that have, sometimes, unavailable organisms to sampling gears. Considering that the fishes feed on the most abundant and available items, the purpose of this work was to verify the abundance and the seasonal variations of thedifferent insect taxons in the area of the Manso Reservoir, MT, through the diet of Triportheus nematurus (n=96) and Triportheus paranensis (n=190). We recorded 11 orders represented by adults and larval stages of aquatic and terrestrial insects, mainly of the orders Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Isoptera. In despite of the small sample size, it was possible to verify ahigh diversity of insects in the Manso Reservoirs area and to highlight the importance of this group as food for the fish community.

Feeding aspects of Leporinus amblyrhynchus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) in the first stages of formation of a Neotropical reservoir, Brazil

Diet and feeding activity of Leporinus amblyrhynchus before, during and after the damming of the rio Corumbá (Goiás State March 1996 to February 1998) were investigated. The diet, evaluated using the Feeding Index (IAi), showed that this species presents an invertivore feeding habit, preying on basically Chironomidae larvae. The feeding activity, estimated using the quantity of food in the stomach during a 24-hour cycle, showed that the feeding occurs mainly in the daytime. Considering the feeding aspects of this species during the formation of the reservatório of Corumbá there were small variations in the parameters (diet and feeding activity) dealt in this study.

Neste estudo, foram avaliadas a dieta e atividade alimentar diária de Leporinus amblyrhynchus, antes, durante e após o represamento do rio Corumbá, GO (março 1996 a fevereiro 1998). A dieta, avaliada pelo Índice Alimentar (IAi) mostrou que esta espécie apresenta hábito alimentar invertívoro, consumindo basicamente larvas de Chironomidae. A atividade alimentar diária, estimada pela quantidade de alimento nos estômagos, evidenciou tratar-se de uma espécie basicamente diurna que forrageia preferencialmente nos períodos de maior intensidade luminosa. Tanto a alimentação quanto o comportamento na tomada do alimento aparentemente não foram afetados pelo impacto causado pelo represamento do rio Corumbá.

Diet and dental development of three species of Roeboides (Characiformes: Characidae)

Lepidophagy has been recorded in various species of Roeboides. In this study we analyzed ontogenetic variation in diet and dental development of three Roeboides species (R. paranensis, R. prognathus and R. microlepis). Roeboides paranensis consumed mainly insects, scales and microcrustaceans, and the smaller individuals ( 3.4 cm - SL) consumed mostly insects. Scale were only consumed by individuals greater than 3.4 cm. Scales were the dominant item in the diet in all sizes of R. prognathus. The diet of R. microlepis was composed primarily of whole fishes, however, the smaller individuals ( 5.4 cm) consumed only insects. During ontogeny, exterior migration of teeth in the mouth started at 3.7 cm in R. paranensis and 6.5 cm in R. microlepis. As body length increased more teeth migrated exteriorly. This leads to greater consumption of scales by three species. Roeboides prognathus appeared to be most specialized on scales, since they composed 80% of the diet, and was the species with the highest number of external teeth and the most developed.

O hábito de consumir escamas tem sido registrado para várias espécies de Roeboides. Neste estudo foram examinados a variação ontogenética na dieta e o desenvolvimento dentário de três espécies de Roeboides (R. paranensis, R. prognathus e R. microlepis). Roeboides paranensis consumiu insetos, escamas e microcrustáceos, sendo que os menores indivíduos ( 3,4 cm - CP) consumiram basicamente insetos, enquanto que escamas foram utilizadas apenas por indivíduos a partir de 3,4 cm. Para R. prognathus, escamas constituiu-se no alimento dominante em todos os tamanhos analisados. A dieta de R. microlepis foi composta principalmente por peixes inteiros, no entanto, os menores indivíduos ( 5,4 cm) consumiram somente insetos. Durante a ontogenia, a migração dos dentes para o exterior da boca se inicia a partir de 3,7 cm em R. paranensis e de 6,5 cm em R. microlepis. Com o crescimento dos indivíduos, mais dentes migram para fora da boca e tornam-se mais desenvolvidos, o que reflete um consumo maior de escamas para as três espécies. R. prognathus foi a mais especialista, visto que escamas representou cerca de 80% da dieta. Esta espécie também apresenta maior número de dentes externos e mais desenvolvidos que as outras espécies.

Dieta de espécies de Anostomidae (Teleostei, Characiformes) na área de influência do reservatório de Manso, Mato Grosso, Brasil

The diet of four species of Anostomidae (Leporinus friderici Bloch, 1794, L. striatus Kner, 1858, L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1849 and Leporinus sp.) were investigated in the Manso Reservoir, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Fish were sampled in three sites: upriver, in the main body of the reservoir, and below the dam. Were analized 276 stomachs. The diet was evaluated using the frequency of ocorrence and volumetric methods. Leporinus friderici showed tendency to herbivory, mainly in the upriver site. In the reservoir and below the dam, it consumed large quantities of fish; Isoptera only in the reservoir. Leporinus striatus and L. elongatus have similar diets, consuming Chironomidae larvae (Diptera), whereas Leporinus sp. was more generalist, feeding similar proportions of vegetable, detritus and insect (Chironomidae and Ephemeroptera). The mouths of the species have different positions: terminal in L. friderici, subterminal in L. elongatus and intermediate in L. striatus and Leporinus sp. The diet overlap values were low, except for L. friderici and Leporinus sp. (0.7) in the upriver, and L. striatus and L. elongatus (0.6) below the dam.

Diet and dental development of three species of Roeboides (Characiformes: Characidae)

Lepidophagy has been recorded in various species of Roeboides. In this study we analyzed ontogenetic variation in diet and dental development of three Roeboides species (R. paranensis, R. prognathus and R. microlepis). Roeboides paranensis consumed mainly insects, scales and microcrustaceans, and the smaller individuals ( 3.4 cm - SL) consumed mostly insects. Scale were only consumed by individuals greater than 3.4 cm. Scales were the dominant item in the diet in all sizes of R. prognathus. The diet of R. microlepis was composed primarily of whole fishes, however, the smaller individuals ( 5.4 cm) consumed only insects. During ontogeny, exterior migration of teeth in the mouth started at 3.7 cm in R. paranensis and 6.5 cm in R. microlepis. As body length increased more teeth migrated exteriorly. This leads to greater consumption of scales by three species. Roeboides prognathus appeared to be most specialized on scales, since they composed 80% of the diet, and was the species with the highest number of external teeth and the most developed.

O hábito de consumir escamas tem sido registrado para várias espécies de Roeboides. Neste estudo foram examinados a variação ontogenética na dieta e o desenvolvimento dentário de três espécies de Roeboides (R. paranensis, R. prognathus e R. microlepis). Roeboides paranensis consumiu insetos, escamas e microcrustáceos, sendo que os menores indivíduos ( 3,4 cm - CP) consumiram basicamente insetos, enquanto que escamas foram utilizadas apenas por indivíduos a partir de 3,4 cm. Para R. prognathus, escamas constituiu-se no alimento dominante em todos os tamanhos analisados. A dieta de R. microlepis foi composta principalmente por peixes inteiros, no entanto, os menores indivíduos ( 5,4 cm) consumiram somente insetos. Durante a ontogenia, a migração dos dentes para o exterior da boca se inicia a partir de 3,7 cm em R. paranensis e de 6,5 cm em R. microlepis. Com o crescimento dos indivíduos, mais dentes migram para fora da boca e tornam-se mais desenvolvidos, o que reflete um consumo maior de escamas para as três espécies. R. prognathus foi a mais especialista, visto que escamas representou cerca de 80% da dieta. Esta espécie também apresenta maior número de dentes externos e mais desenvolvidos que as outras espécies.

Feeding aspects of Leporinus amblyrhynchus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) in the first stages of formation of a Neotropical reservoir, Brazil

Diet and feeding activity of Leporinus amblyrhynchus before, during and after the damming of the rio Corumbá (Goiás State March 1996 to February 1998) were investigated. The diet, evaluated using the Feeding Index (IAi), showed that this species presents an invertivore feeding habit, preying on basically Chironomidae larvae. The feeding activity, estimated using the quantity of food in the stomach during a 24-hour cycle, showed that the feeding occurs mainly in the daytime. Considering the feeding aspects of this species during the formation of the reservatório of Corumbá there were small variations in the parameters (diet and feeding activity) dealt in this study.

Neste estudo, foram avaliadas a dieta e atividade alimentar diária de Leporinus amblyrhynchus, antes, durante e após o represamento do rio Corumbá, GO (março 1996 a fevereiro 1998). A dieta, avaliada pelo Índice Alimentar (IAi) mostrou que esta espécie apresenta hábito alimentar invertívoro, consumindo basicamente larvas de Chironomidae. A atividade alimentar diária, estimada pela quantidade de alimento nos estômagos, evidenciou tratar-se de uma espécie basicamente diurna que forrageia preferencialmente nos períodos de maior intensidade luminosa. Tanto a alimentação quanto o comportamento na tomada do alimento aparentemente não foram afetados pelo impacto causado pelo represamento do rio Corumbá.

Atividade de forrageamento de Triportheus spp. (Characidae, Triportheinae) utilizada como ferramenta de amostragem da entomofauna, na área do reservatório de Manso, MT

Fishes are very good exploiter of the aquatic environment that have, sometimes, unavailable organisms to sampling gears. Considering that the fishes feed on the most abundant and available items, the purpose of this work was to verify the abundance and the seasonal variations of thedifferent insect taxons in the area of the Manso Reservoir, MT, through the diet of Triportheus nematurus (n=96) and Triportheus paranensis (n=190). We recorded 11 orders represented by adults and larval stages of aquatic and terrestrial insects, mainly of the orders Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Isoptera. In despite of the small sample size, it was possible to verify ahigh diversity of insects in the Manso Reservoirs area and to highlight the importance of this group as food for the fish community.

Resource partitioning between two species of Bryconamericus Eigenmann, 1907 from the Iguaçu river basin, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i4.1534 / Partição de recursos alimentares entre duas espécies de Bryconamericus Eingenmann, 1970 da bacia do rio Iguaçu, Brasil- DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i4.1534

Diets of two species of Bryconamericus Eigenmann, 1907 called Bryconamericus sp. 1 and Bryconamericus sp. 2, were compared. Collections were made monthly, from March 1997 to February 1998, on the Iguaçu River, State of Paraná. Both species are insectivores, but Bryconamericus sp. 1 feed predominantly on larvae of aquatic insects and Bryconamericus sp. 2 feed on terrestrial insects. In Bryconamericus sp. 1, the mouth is sub-inferior with slightly thick upper lip, while in Bryconamericus sp. 2 the mouth is anterior with reduced lip; teeth are different in both species, confirming differences in feeding tactics. The length of the intestine is significantly longer in Bryconamericus sp. 1. This particularity and the low overlap values ( 0.60) suggest that interspecific differences in feeding habits play an important role, allowing species coexistence

As dietas de duas espécies de Bryconamericus Eigenmann, 1907 denominadas Bryconamericus sp. 1 e Bryconamericus sp. 2 foram comparadas. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, no período de março/97 a fevereiro/98, no rio Iguaçu, Paraná. Ambas são insetívoras, porém a primeira se alimenta predominantemente de larvas de insetos aquáticos e a segunda de insetos terrestres. Em Bryconamericus sp. 1 a boca é sub-terminal e o lábio superior é levemente mais espesso, enquanto em Bryconamericus sp. 2 a boca é terminal e os lábios são delgados. Além disso, a disposição dos dentes é desigual nas duas espécies, confirmando as diferenças encontradas em suas táticas alimentares. O comprimento do intestino é significativamente maior em Bryconamericus sp. 1. Estas particularidades, associadas aos baixos valores na sobreposição alimentar ( 0.60), sugerem que diferenças interespecíficas na dieta desempenham um papel importante, permitindo a coexistência das duas espécies