RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Due to the close proximity of the prostate and rectum, rectal toxicity remains a major problem in patient treated by radiotherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma. One method of increasing the distance between the prostate and the rectum is to use a spacer implanted into the rectoprostatic space. This report describes the long-term outcomes obtained with a new ballon spacer. METHODS: Patients treated with curative radiotherapy for low- or intermediate-risk prostate adenocarcinoma, who underwent insertion of the ProSpace® (BioProtect Ltd, Tzur Yigal, Israel) rectal-prostate balloon spacer, were included. The main objective was to evaluate the dosimetric benefit of the spacer for OARs. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of ProSpace® balloon placement and to evaluate its long-term therapeutic efficacy and tolerance. RESULTS: Between October 2013 and March 2015, 16 patients were enrolled in the Pasteur Clinic, Toulouse, France. The median follow-up was 85.5 months. From top to bottom, the space created was a mean of 16.3 mm (range: 11-20.5 mm) at the base of the prostate, 12.1 mm (range: 4-16 mm) at the middle and 8.9 mm at the apex (range: 5-15 mm). On average, rectal volumes receiving a dose of 70 Gy, 60 Gy and 50 Gy were significantly lower after balloon implantation: -4.81 cc (1.5 vs. 6.3; p < 0.0005), -8.08 cc (6.4 vs. 14.5; p = 0.002) and -9.06 cc (16.7 vs. 25.7; p = 0.003), respectively. There were significant differences in coverage after balloon implantation: Median V95% (p < 0.0005), median Dmin (p = 0.01) and median V98% (p < 0.001) were higher after balloon implantation. At 5 years, cumulative gastrointestinal toxicity was grade 1 in 6% (1/16 patients). No toxicity of grade 2 or higher was found. At 5 years, no urinary toxicity grade 3 or 4 toxicity was found. The QoL was not deteriorated. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the ProSpace® balloon seems to be well accepted by patients, allowing a double dosimetric gain: a decrease in doses received by the rectum and an improvement in the coverage of the high-risk PTV. The long-term gastrointestinal toxicity remains low and QoL is preserved in all treated patients.
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Neoplasias de la Próstata , Recto , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata/radioterapia , Anciano , Recto/efectos de la radiación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Próstata/efectos de la radiación , Próstata/patología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Resultado del Tratamiento , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Estudios de SeguimientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Psychological impact of Medical Evacuation (MEDEVAC) in Covid-19 patients is undetermined. The objectives were to evaluate: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in MEDEVAC patients hospitalized in ICU for Covid-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared to control group; anxiety, depression rates and outcomes in patients and PTSD in relatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective multicentric 1/1 paired cohort performed in 10 ICUs in the West of France. Evaluation was performed 18 months after discharge. Patients and closest relatives performed IES-R (Impact and Event Scale-Revised) and/or HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) scales. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were included in each group. Patients were 64 ± 11 years old, with 83% male. We report 12 vs 20% of PTSD in control vs MEDEVAC groups (p = 0.7). Anxiety disorder affected 43.5 vs 28.0% (p = 0.26) and depression 12.5 vs 14.3% (p > 0.99) in control vs MEDEVAC groups. PTSD affects 33.3 vs 42.1% of closest relatives (p = 0.55). Ways of communication were adapted: video calls were more frequent in MEDEVAC patients (8.7 vs 60.9%, p < 0.01) whereas physical visits concerned more control group (45.8 vs 13.0%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: PTSD rate were similar between groups. Adaptive ways of communication, restricted visits and global uncertainties could explain the absence of differences.
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COVID-19 , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Depresión/etiología , Depresión/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Ansiedad/etiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/terapia , SorbitolRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To evaluate if the increase in chloride intake during a continuous infusion of 20% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) is associated with an increase in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to standard of care in traumatic brain injury patients. METHODS: In this post hoc analysis of the COBI trial, 370 patients admitted for a moderate-to-severe TBI in the 9 participating ICUs were enrolled. The intervention consisted in a continuous infusion of HSS to maintain a blood sodium level between 150 and 155 mmol/L for at least 48 h. Patients enrolled in the control arm were treated as recommended by the latest Brain Trauma foundation guidelines. The primary outcome of this study was the occurrence of AKI within 28 days after enrollment. AKI was defined by stages 2 or 3 according to KDIGO criteria. RESULTS: After exclusion of missing data, 322 patients were included in this post hoc analysis. The patients randomized in the intervention arm received a significantly higher amount of chloride during the first 4 days (intervention group: 97.3 ± 31.6 g vs. control group: 61.3 ± 38.1 g; p < 0.001) and had higher blood chloride levels at day 4 (117.9 ± 10.7 mmol/L vs. 111.6 ± 9 mmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001). The incidence of AKI was not statistically different between the intervention and the control group (24.5% vs. 28.9%, respectively; p = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: Despite a significant increase in chloride intake, a continuous infusion of HSS was not associated with AKI in moderate-to-severe TBI patients. Our study does not confirm the potentially detrimental effect of chloride load on kidney function in ICU patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The COBI trial was registered on clinicaltrial.gov (Trial registration number: NCT03143751, date of registration: 8 May 2017).
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Humanos , Cloruro de Sodio , Solución Salina , Cloruros , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/complicaciones , Solución Salina Hipertónica/uso terapéutico , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , RiñónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Changes in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older patients have received attention, but limited data are available on the outcome of these patients after admission to intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients over 65 years of age who were admitted to an ICU for TBI. METHODS: This was a multicentre, retrospective, observational study conducted from January 2013 to February 2019 in the surgical ICUs of 5 level 1 trauma centres in France. Patients aged ≥ 65 years who were hospitalized in the ICU for TBI with or without extracranial injuries were included. The main objective was to determine the risk factors for unfavourable neurological outcome at 3 months defined as an Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) score < 5. RESULTS: Among the 349 intensive care patients analysed, the GOSE score at 3 months was ≤ 4 and ≥ 5 in 233 (67%) and 116 (33%) patients, respectively. The mortality rate at 3 months was 157/233 (67%), and only 7 patients (2%) fully recovered or had minor symptoms. Withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining therapies in the ICU was identified in 140 patients (40.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR 1.09, CI 95% 1.04-1.14), male sex (OR 2.94, CI95% 1.70-5.11), baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score (OR 1.20, CI95% 1.13-1.29), injury severity score (ISS; OR 1.04, CI95% 1.02-1.06) and use of osmotherapy (OR 2.42, CI95% 1.26-4.65) were associated with unfavourable outcomes (AUC = 0.79, CI 95% [0.74-0.84]). According to multivariate analysis, the variables providing the best sensitivity and specificity were age ≥ 77 years, Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 9 and ISS ≥ 25 (AUC = 0.79, CI 95% [0.74-0.84]). CONCLUSIONS: Among intensive care patients aged ≥ 65 years suffering from TBI, age (≥ 77 years), male sex, baseline Glasgow coma scale score (≤ 9), ISS (≥ 25) and use of osmotherapy were predictors of unfavourable neurological outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04651803. Registered 03/12/2020. Retrospectively registered.
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Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/diagnóstico , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/epidemiología , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/terapia , Cuidados Críticos , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Escala de Consecuencias de GlasgowRESUMEN
Delayed defecation is common in patients on intensive care. We aimed to determine factors associated with time to defecation after admission to intensive care and in turn its association with length of stay and mortality. We studied 396 adults admitted to one of five intensive care units in whom at least 2 days' invasive ventilation was anticipated during an expected stay of at least 3 days. The median (IQR [range]) time to defecate by the 336 out of 396 (84%) patients who did so before intensive care discharge was 6 (4-8 [1-18]) days. Defecation was independently associated with five factors, hazard ratio (95%CI), higher values indicating more rapid defecation: alcoholism, 1.32 (1.05-1.66), p = 0.02; laxatives before admission, 2.35 (1.79-3.07), p < 0.001; non-invasive ventilation, 0.54 (0.36-0.82), p = 0.004; duration of ventilation, 0.78 (0.74-0.82), p < 0.001; laxatives after admission, 1.67 (1.23-2.26), p < 0.001; and enteral nutrition within 48 h of admission, 1.43 (1.07-1.90), p = 0.01. Delayed defecation was associated with prolonged intensive care stay but not mortality.
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Enfermedad Crítica/mortalidad , Defecación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Cuidados Críticos , Nutrición Enteral , Femenino , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Humanos , Laxativos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ventilación no Invasiva , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prebreeding in plants is the activity designed to identify useful characteristics from wild germplasm and its integration in breeding programs. Prebreeding aims to introduce new variation into the populations of a species of interest. Pedigree analysis is a valuable tool for evaluation of variation in genebanks where pedigree maps are used to visualize and describe population structure and variation within these populations. Margot Forde Germplasm Centre (MFGC) is New Zealand's national forage genebank and holds a collection of ~ 75 species of the genus Trifolium, of which only a dozen have been taken through prebreeding programs. The main objective of this study was to construct pedigree maps and analyse patterns of relatedness for seven minor Trifolium species accessions contained at the MFGC. These species are Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium medium, Trifolium subterraneum and the Trifolium repens x Trifolium occidentale interspecific hybrids. We present a history of Trifolium spp. prebreeding in New Zealand and inform breeders of possible alternative forage species to use. RESULTS: Pedigree data from accessions introduced between 1950 and 2016 were used and filtered based on breeding activity. Kinship levels among Trifolium spp. remained below 8% and no inbreeding was found. Influential ancestors that contributed largely to populations structure were identified. The Australian cultivar 'Monaro' had a strong influence over the whole population of accessions in T. ambiguum. T. subterraneum and T. repens x T. occidentale had the largest number of generations (3). T. ambiguum and T. medium had the highest cumulative kinship across the decades. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there are high levels of diversity in the seven Trifolium spp. studied. However, collection and prebreeding efforts must be strengthened to maximize utilization and bring useful genetic variation.
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Genética de Población , Linaje , Fitomejoramiento , Trifolium/genética , Variación Genética , Genoma de Planta , Endogamia , Nueva Zelanda , Trifolium/clasificaciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from intracranial aneurysm rupture is an unpredictable event responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Despite inconsistencies, some studies suggest a potential role of climate conditions in SAH onset. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of climatic and lunar factors on onset of SAH in an oceanic climate such as that of Brittany, France. METHODS: All adults with SAH admitted to the neurosurgery department and intensive care unit of the University Hospital of Rennes (France) between January 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2012 were included. Meteorological variables, their variations, lunar phases and tidal coefficients were compared between days with and without SAH. RESULTS: We retrospectively included 295 patients with SAH. Mean minimum temperature was significantly lower during days with SAH (7.7±4.7°C versus 8.3±4.6°C; P=0.039); temperature variation between 2 successive days was significantly greater for days with SAH (8.6±4.1°C versus 7.9±3.8°C; P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that a 2-day temperature drop greater than or equal to 8°C was associated with 35% increased risk of SAH (odds ratio 1.35 [1.03-1.77]). There were no significant effects of other meteorological variables, lunar phase or tidal coefficient on SAH occurrence. CONCLUSION: Low temperature and sudden temperature drop were associated with increased occurrence of SAH in Brittany, France.
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Aneurisma Roto/epidemiología , Clima , Aneurisma Intracraneal/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Presión del Aire , Frío , Cuidados Críticos/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Luna , Océanos y Mares , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estaciones del Año , Temperatura , Tiempo (Meteorología)RESUMEN
AIMS: To characterize the bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and endosphere of the forage grass timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and evaluate the functional attributes with respect to growth promotion properties, antimicrobial and biosurfactant capacities. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 254 culturable bacteria were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing and grouped into 16 taxa that shared high homology of 98-99% with other known sequences. A majority of the isolates were recovered from the rhizosphere soil fraction and leaf and crown tissues. Bacillus genus was the most abundant in the bulk and rhizosphere soil fractions. Isolates belonging to the Methylobacterium genus were exclusively found in leaves making them tissue-specific. A majority of the bacterial isolates exhibited multi-functional growth promotion attributes and plant stress improvement related to the production of indole 3-acetic acid, VOC and siderophores and polymer-degrading enzymes and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activities. Some demonstrated antimicrobial properties such as hydrogen cyanide and biosurfactant production and activities of fungal cell wall degrading enzymes. The internalization and spread of selected bacterial isolates in timothy seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions was confirmed using the culture-dependent method and SEM microscopy in proof-of-concept experiments. CONCLUSIONS: The attributes of some isolates with respect to growth promotion abilities, biocontrol potential and efficient colonization of timothy make them desirable for future development as potential biofertilizer tools. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provides the first evidence of bacterial endophytes that have the necessary functional attributes to protect cool-season forage grasses against abiotic stress.
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Bacterias/clasificación , Phleum/microbiología , Rizosfera , Microbiología del Suelo , Bacillus/clasificación , Bacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Bacillus/fisiología , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Plantones/genética , Sideróforos/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Enfermedades Renales/complicaciones , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Postura/fisiología , Dolor Abdominal/patología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Riñón/patología , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Prolapso , Urografía/métodosRESUMEN
Temperature control during severe sepsis is currently used in intensive care and involves 66% and 70% of severe sepsis and septic shock, respectively. Nevertheless, the conclusive evidence of the benefit of such a strategy is still lacking.We might wonder, with regards to experimental works and recent noninterventional studies, about the risk of a control strategy on an ongoing infectious process, the patient's outcome, and the safety of the means implemented to obtain temperature control. On the other hand, it is also demonstrated that fever increases oxygen consumption, which may lead in some clinical situations to tissular ischemia and that fever may be associated with a deleterious focal inflammatory process. Methods to control the temperature include external and/or internal cooling and/or antipyretic medications such as paracetamol and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. In septic patients, external cooling and paracetamol are the mains means used to control temperature. Despite the uncertainties about the benefit to control or not the temperature, it could be stated that extreme temperature (hypo- or hyperthermia) should be avoided and that the benefit/risk of temperature control must be individually weighted.
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Pruebas Diagnósticas de Rutina/estadística & datos numéricos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/organización & administración , Adulto , Anciano , Educación Médica Continua/métodos , Femenino , Francia , Humanos , Masculino , Cuerpo Médico de Hospitales/educación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Procedimientos Innecesarios/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The condylar region is a frequent localization of mandibular fractures; there are various types of management. Mini-invasive endoscopic surgery is an alternative to open reduction. We had as goal to evaluate the outcome of this technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a monocentric retrospective study of patients consecutively operated for a condylar fracture (type II to V in the Spiessl and Schroll classification) with intraoral route and endoscopic assistance, during 30 months. We assessed the functional and radiological outcomes, and the complications. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (25 fractures) were included. Seventeen patients (19 fractures) could be followed (mean follow-up: 16.7 months). The mean values were: interincisal opening, 45mm (±8.4); protrusion, 8.3mm (±1.9); ipsilateral excursion of the jaw: 8.6mm (±2); contralateral excursion: 8.7mm (±4). Three routes were used combined with a preauricular approach. The fracture reduction was good for 10 of the 19 fractures and poor for 3. The complications were: 3 cases of infection, 1 case of fixation failure with good consolidation; for combined approaches: 2 cases of temporary facial palsy and 2 cases of Frey syndrome. DISCUSSION: Endoscopic assistance for the surgical management of the fracture of mandibular condyle is a reliable technique, with a good functional outcome, and a low rate of specific complications, especially for facial nerve lesion or esthetic outcome.
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Endoscopía/métodos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Cóndilo Mandibular/lesiones , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Cóndilo Mandibular/diagnóstico por imagen , Cóndilo Mandibular/cirugía , Fracturas Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Mandibulares/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Radiografía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The major complications of free flap surgery are anastomotic obstructions. The coupler, mechanical anastomosis using a double ring eversion system, yields higher venous patency rates than sutured anastomoses, and requires less operating time. We present our initial experience with this coupler in free flap surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted this retrospective study between November 2011 and June 2012. We focused on complications having occurred in the first 10 patients having undergone free flap reconstruction (11 flaps) with end-to-end venous anastomosis using this coupler. Five flaps were used to fill cervico-facial defects in carcinologic surgery: one for mandibular osteoradionecrosis, one for cranioplasty coverage, one for cranial base reconstruction, two for skin defects in lower limb (heel, leg). One was an antebrachial radial flap, four anterolateral thigh flaps, five fibular flaps, and one latissimus dorsi flap. Fifteen veins were anastomosed. The diameters of the couplers used were 2.5 mm (3/15), 3 mm (6/15), and 3.5 mm (6/15). RESULTS: There were no venous complications. One flap failed because of arterial ischemia. DISCUSSION: The coupler is a fast and reliable alternative to usual sutures in free flap reconstructions, for head and neck as well as for limbs.
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Colgajos Tisulares Libres , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/instrumentación , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Injerto Vascular/instrumentación , Injerto Vascular/métodos , Venas/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/instrumentación , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Colgajos Tisulares Libres/efectos adversos , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Microcirugia/efectos adversos , Microcirugia/instrumentación , Microcirugia/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/efectos adversos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Técnicas de Sutura/efectos adversos , Técnicas de Sutura/estadística & datos numéricos , Injerto Vascular/efectos adversos , Injerto Vascular/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIMS: To isolate and characterize indigenous bacterial endophytes from cultivars of switchgrass and study their antimicrobial and growth promoting potential. METHODS AND RESULTS: The diversity, molecular and biochemical characterizations of indigenous and culturable bacterial endophytes residing in leaves of switchgrass have not been studied previously. This study describes the characterization of 31 bacterial endophytes from three switchgrass cutlivars: Cave-in Rock, Blue Jacket and Tecumseh. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence grouped the endophytes into eight different taxa that shared high homology of 98-99% with other known sequences. Bacterial endophytes were identified as Microbacterium testaceum, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis, Serratia sp. and Pantoea ananatis. Some endophytes were detected in switchgrass seeds and in plants that originated from seeds collected a year earlier, confirming vertical transmission to the next generation of the host. Selected endophytes produced cellulases and were capable of solubilizing inorganic phosphorus. Analysis of cell-free culture filtrate of selected strains using direct infusion orbitrap mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of several well-characterized lipopeptide toxins and phytohormones. Re-inoculation of the roots of switchgrass seedlings with endophytes singly or combined confirmed their migration to the upper aerial parts of the plant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that switchgrass leaves harbour a diversity of bacterial endophytes, some of which could potentially be applied as growth promoting bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first report on the characterization of indigenous bacterial endophytes and their potential use as biofertilizers.
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Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Endófitos/aislamiento & purificación , Panicum/microbiología , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Dermatoglifia del ADN , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Endófitos/clasificación , Endófitos/genética , Microbiología Ambiental , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Semillas/microbiología , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/químicaAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Inmunocompetencia , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva/microbiología , Mediastinitis/microbiología , Sepsis/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/microbiología , Anciano , Autopsia , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/inmunología , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva/inmunología , Masculino , Mediastinitis/inmunología , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Sepsis/inmunología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to determine the feeding value of sweet sorghum silage (SS) for dairy cows compared with alfalfa silage (AS). Two diets were formulated with a 50:50 forage:concentrate ratio. Sweet sorghum silage and AS constituted 70% of the forage in each diet (dry matter basis). Twelve lactating Holstein cows in early lactation were used in a crossover experiment. Relative to AS, SS contained 58% more neutral detergent fiber and 36.6 and 72.7% less acid detergent lignin and crude protein, respectively. Milk yield (33.0 vs. 36.7 kg/d) was lower for cows fed SS than for those fed AS. However, dry matter intake, energy-corrected milk, and feed efficiency were similar for both dietary treatments. Replacing AS with SS increased concentrations of milk fat (4.44 vs. 3.80%) and total solids (13.31 vs. 12.88%) and reduced concentrations of milk lactose (4.55 vs. 4.61%), milk solids-not-fat (8.88 vs. 9.08%), and milk urea nitrogen (10.0 vs. 14.0 mg/dL). We concluded that replacing AS with SS had negative effects on milk yield, whereas dry matter intake, energy-corrected milk, and milk efficiency were similar.
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Lactancia/fisiología , Ensilaje , Sorghum , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Bovinos , Dieta/veterinaria , Femenino , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Leche/metabolismo , Ensilaje/análisis , Sorghum/químicaRESUMEN
This prospective non-interventional study is aimed at evaluating the role of enterococci in the postoperative course of postoperative peritonitis (POP) and the predictive factors for isolating Enterococcus spp. All adult patients, hospitalized in intensive care, who had POP between September 2006 and February 2010 were analysed. The patients' baseline clinical characteristics and microbiological and surgical characteristics of the first episode of POP were recorded. The rates of surgical and non-surgical complications and mortality were studied. A total of 139 patients were analysed and Enterococcus spp. were recovered in 61 patients (43%). The presence of enterococci was associated with significantly more intra-abdominal abscesses (26% vs 12%, p=0.025), but did not affect the rate of reoperation or mortality. Antibiotic use before reoperation was the only independent predictive factor for isolating enterococci (OR=2.19, CI95%: 1.02-4.70, p<0.043). Although mortality was not affected by the presence of Enterococcus spp., a higher rate of intra-abdominal abscess was found, suggesting that enterococci play a significant role in postoperative peritonitis, but the need to treat them remains to be determined. Previous antibiotic use before reoperation was a key factor in predicting the subsequent recovery of enterococci.
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Enterococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Peritonitis/epidemiología , Peritonitis/microbiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/microbiología , Absceso Abdominal/epidemiología , Absceso Abdominal/microbiología , Absceso Abdominal/mortalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Crítica , Utilización de Medicamentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/mortalidad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Peritonitis/mortalidad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Estudios Prospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Humanitarian surgical missions provide cares in developing countries and in difficult conditions. Preparation of these missions is a mandatory step for both technical and human points of view. Before the departure, care must be taken to accomplish all the administrative (visa application, valid passport ) and the medical formalities (mandatory and recommended vaccinations). The aim of this article is to present a helpful vade mecum allowing any surgeon, especially the juniors, to prepare a humanitarian mission abroad.
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Misiones Médicas/normas , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Cirugía Plástica , Altruismo , Humanos , Guías de Práctica Clínica como AsuntoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of age (Asunto(s)
Cuidados Críticos
, Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/mortalidad
, Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/terapia
, Enfermedad Aguda
, Adulto
, Factores de Edad
, Anciano
, Anciano de 80 o más Años
, Análisis de Varianza
, Enfermedad Coronaria/complicaciones
, Enfermedad Coronaria/epidemiología
, Femenino
, Mortalidad Hospitalaria
, Humanos
, Vida Independiente
, Masculino
, Persona de Mediana Edad
, Alta del Paciente
, Estudios Prospectivos
, Recuperación de la Función
, Estudios Retrospectivos
, Factores de Riesgo
, Análisis de Supervivencia
, Sobrevivientes
, Resultado del Tratamiento
, Adulto Joven