Does detection of a large for gestational age (LGA) fetus in fetal anomaly scan (FAS) require an early oral glucose screening test (OGTT) and can LGA fetus be detected at birth?

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complications increase with late diagnosis and late treatment, so early diagnosis and treatment is one of the most important factors in preventing complications. We tried to find an answer to the question of whether the detection of large for gestational age (LGA) fetus in fetal anomaly scan (FAS) requires earlier oral glucose screening test (OGTT) and predicts LGA fetus at birth. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pregnant women who underwent fetal anomaly scan and gestational diabetes screening at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between 2018 and 2020 were included in this large retrospective cohort study. FAS was routinely performed between 18-22 weeks in our hospital. 75 grams of OGTT was used for gestational diabetes screening and it was performed between 24-28 weeks. RESULTS: This large retrospective cohort study was performed on 3,180 fetuses, 2,904 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 276 LGA, in the second trimester. The prevalence of GDM was significantly higher in the LGA group (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.66-3.58; p < 0.001). Insulin requirement for blood glucose regulation was significantly higher in the LGA group (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.68-7.7; p = 0.001). Fasting and 1st hour OGTT values were similar between the groups, but 2nd hour OGTT values were significantly higher in the second trimester LGA group (p = 0.041). The prevalence of LGA newborns at birth was higher in second trimester LGA fetuses than in fetuses with AGA (21.1% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The fact that the estimated fetal weight (EFW) measured in the second trimester FAS is LGA may be related to GDM in the future and LGA fetus at birth. A more detailed GDM risk questioning should be performed to these mothers and OGTT should be considered when additional risk factors are detected. In addition to all these, glucose regulation may not be possible with diet alone in mothers who have LGA in the second trimester ultrasound and who may have GDM in the future. These mothers should be monitored more closely and more carefully.

Laparoscopic surgery compared to traditional abdominal surgery in the management of early stage cervical cancer.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of the study was to compare laparoscopic total radical hysterectomy with classic radical hysterectomy regarding parametrial, and vaginal resection, and lymphadenectomy. METHODS: Laparoscopic or laparotomic total radical hysterectomy with advantages and disadvantages was offered to the patients diagnosed as having operable cervical cancer between 2007 and 2010. Lymph node status, resection of the parametria and vagina, and margin positivity were recorded for both groups. Data were collected prospectively. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS statistical software program. RESULTS: Totally, 53 cases had classical abdominal radical hysterectomy and 35 laparoscopic radical hysterectomy, respectively. Parametrial involvement was detected in four (11.4%) cases in laparoscopic radical surgery versus nine (16.9%) in laparatomic surgery. All the cases with parametrial involvement had free surgical margins of tumor. Also there were no significant statistical differences in lymph node number and metastasis between the two groups. CONCLUSION: There is no difference in anatomical considerations between laparoscopic and laparatomic radical surgery in the surgical management of cervical cancer.

Antioxidant properties of Ballota species growing in Turkey.

In the present study, the antioxidant properties of ethanol extracts of 16 Ballota species belonging to the Lamiaceae family and growing in Turkey on superoxide anion formation and lipid peroxidation were investigated. All extracts inhibited superoxide anion formation but to different extents. The extracts of Ballota antalyense, Ballota macrodonta, Ballota glandulosissima, Ballota larendana, Ballota pseudodictamnus, Ballota nigra subsp. anatolica, Ballota saxatilis subsp. saxatilis, Ballota rotundifolia, and Ballota saxatilis subsp. brachyodonta exhibited remarkable anti-superoxide anion formation with IC(50) values from 0.50 to 0.87 mg/ml. The extracts of Ballota antalyense, Ballota macrodonta and Ballota glandulosissima have the lowest IC(50) values (0.50, 0.51 and 0.51 mg/ml, respectively) which were rather close to the well-known superoxide anion scavenger alpha-tocopherol (IC(50): 0.22 mg/ml). The extracts of Ballota inaequidens, Ballota glandulosissima, Ballota saxatilis subsp. saxatilis, Ballota macrodonta and Ballota antalyense inhibited lipid peroxidation with IC(50) values from 12 to 20 mg/ml. The extracts of Ballota inaequidens (IC(50): 12 mg/ml) and Ballota glandulosissima (IC(50): 15 mg/ml) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation compared with alpha-tocopherol (IC(50): 3 mg/ml). The results show that Ballota glandulosissima is the best antioxidant source among these 16 Ballota species.

Psychosocial characteristics of patients with bronchial asthma and coronary disease: similarities and differences.

The authors compare two groups of subjects: patients with bronchial asthma and those with coronary disease, with regard to some social characteristics, abilities and perception of factors which they conceive are important in the etiology of their disease. Data were obtained by means of a questionnaire based on a known calibrated scale. A group of 100 patients with bronchial asthma and a group of 102 patients with coronary disease were examined. The significance of the difference was tested by chi 2, t-test, Wilcoxon's test and multivariate discriminative analysis. The results showed statistically significant differences between the patients with bronchial asthma and those with coronary disease in some social and psychological characteristics and also with regard to perception of potential etiological factors of their disease. However, no difference was found in life style and habits between the coronary and asthmatic patients.

Investigation of the effects of moclobemide in chronic ethanol feeding rats.

Effects of chronic moclobemide administration on ethanol consumption, blood ethanol level, motor coordination and seizures induced by an audiogenic stimulus during ethanol withdrawal syndrome have been investigated in chronically ethanol intoxicated rats. Adult male Wistar rats (211-289 g) were used. Ethanol (7.2% v/v) was given to rats by a special liquid diet for 15 days. Moclobemide (10, 30 and 45 mg kg-1) or saline was injected to ethanol-feeding rats subcutaneously through 15 days. Daily ethanol intake and body weight gain of the rats were recorded. Blood ethanol levels were measured in rats given saline or chronic moclobemide (30 mg kg-1) just before and 6 h after ethanol withdrawal. At the sixth hour of the ethanol withdrawal, the incidence, intensity and latency of the seizures induced by an audiogenic stimulus were recorded in saline and acute (30 mg kg-1) or chronic (10, 30 and 45 mg kg-1) moclobemide-administered rats. Accelerod performances of the chronic moclobemide (45 mg kg-1) or saline injected rats were also evaluated. The mean ethanol intake of the rats ranged from 10.06 to 15.63 g kg-1 day-1 during the study. Chronic moclobemide treatment did not occur any significant effect on daily ethanol consumption, ethanol clearance and accelerod performances of the rats. No significant changes on the incidence, intensity and the latency of the audiogenic seizures were also observed. Our results suggest that there has been no adverse interaction between ethanol and moclobemide.

[Cytomorphologic changes in bronchial epithelial cells in a patient exposed to an aerosol of the organophosphorus insecticide, Ekalux 25 (quinalphos), 0,0-diethyl-0-quinoxaline-2-phosphorothioate]. / Citomorfoloske promjene na stanicama bronhalnog epitela u bolesnika izlozenog aerosolu organofosfornog insekticida "Ekalux 25" (kvinalfos) 0,0-dietil-0-kvinoksalin-2-il fosforotioat.

In this paper, the authors present cytomorphological changes of the bronchial epithelial cells in the patient who inhaled aerosol organophosphate insecticide "Ekalux 25" 0,0-diethyl-0-quinoxaline-2-il-phosphorothioate, while spraying crops, i.e. Colorado beetle. Our cytomorphologic examination of the sputum (obtained on the 13th and 15th day after the patient's exposure to the insecticide) revealed neutrophil granulocytes, degenerate changed macrophages, degenerate changed bronchial epithelial cells, squamous metaplasia with a poor number of lymphocytes and erythrocytes. Beside this, we also found atypical hypertropic cells of the bronchial epithelium (occurring in single forms or in groups) most of which appeared to be without cilia. Cytoplasm of those cells occurred to be not sharply bordered but poor and had a grey blue colour. Chromatin pattern of the nuclei was more coarse or "wiped", while nucleoli, as rule, appeared to be not discernible. There also occurred some nuclei in mitosis. The number of nuclei in those cells varies from one to several. Sputum specimens obtained later for cytologic analysis as well as bronchoscopic specimens, obtained on the 17th day after the patient's admission to the hospital, did not show any similar cytomorphologic changes. The authors of this paper think that it would be interesting to examine and follow-up the cytomorphologic specimens (bronchial secret, catheter bronchial aspirate smears, brushing and histopathologically) as early as the first days (if it is possible) of a patient's exposure to the organophosphate compounds.